Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
The urinary system filters the blood, concentrates waste products, and removes waste products from the body.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #2
Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?
A.
Histology
B.
Developmental anatomy
C.
Surgical anatomy
D.
Cytology
E.
Embryology
Question #3
The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is
A.
anatomy.
B.
physiology.
Question #4
At what level of organization is a tooth, which contains multiple tissue types?
A.
System level
B.
Tissue level
C.
Organ level
D.
Atomic level
E.
Cell level
Question #5
Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of
A.
the tissue composition of the airways, air sacs, and blood vessels.
B.
cell shape withinthe alveoli of the lungs.
C.
how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.
D.
the branching pattern of the small airways of the lungs.
Question #6
The cell is the smallest living portion of the human body.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #7
If your body temperature starts to decline, your body responds by exciting skeletal muscles so that you shiver and your temperature returns to normal. This is an example of negative feedback.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #8
When you are exposed to bright light, cells in the retina detect the stimulus and send it to the brain for processing. The brain commands the iris to constrict and decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system?
A.
The brain's visual cortex
B.
The retina
C.
The iris
D.
The eyelid
Question #9
Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?
A.
Respiratory
B.
Urinary
C.
Integumentary
D.
Muscular
E.
Nervous
Question #10
The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the _____________ system.
A.
urinary
B.
respiratory
C.
cardiovascular
D.
endocrine
E.
nervous
Question #11
The nuclear envelope consists primarily of
A.
messenger RNA.
B.
two phospholipid bilayers.
C.
a double helix of DNA.
D.
ribosomal subunits.
Question #12
Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is
A.
slightest and temperature is highest.
B.
slightest and temperature is lowest.
C.
steepest and temperature is at body temperature.
D.
steepest and temperature is highest.
E.
slightest and temperature is at body temperature.
Question #13
Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Smooth ER
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
Peroxisomes
Question #14
The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing
A.
B.
primary active transport.
C.
both exocytosis and endocytosis.
D.
receptor-mediated endocytosis.
E.
exocytosis.
F.
secondary active transport.
Question #15
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #16
The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #17
Which is a passive transport process?
A.
Osmosis
B.
Pinocytosis
C.
Ion pump
D.
Phagocytosis
E.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Question #18
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #19
The sodium-potassium pump moves
A.
sodium and potassium out of the cell.
B.
sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
C.
sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.
D.
sodium and potassium into the cell.
Question #20
Over time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #21
Mucus is moved along the lining of the trachea by extensions from cell membranes known as
A.
microvilli.
B.
flagella.
C.
cilia.
D.
stereovilli.
Question #22
Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?
A.
1.2% NaCl
B.
0.9% NaCl
C.
0.5% NaCl
Question #23
The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called
A.
cristae.
B.
matrix.
C.
vesicles.
D.
vacuoles.
Question #24
Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #25
These junctions hold adjacent cells together and provide resistance to mechanical stress.
A.
Synapses
B.
Gap junctions
C.
Tight junctions
D.
Desmosomes
Question #26
The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is
A.
glycolipid.
B.
the nonpolar tails.
C.
glycocalyx.
D.
cholesterol.
E.
the polar head.
Question #27
Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as
A.
diffusion.
B.
selective transport.
C.
equilibrium.
D.
facilitation.
E.
active transport.
Question #28
Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle?
A.
Mitochondrion
B.
Lysosome
C.
Microtubule
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Question #29
When a small, polar solute binds to a membrane protein that then changes shape and transports the solute across the membrane, the process is known as
A.
channel-mediated diffusion.
B.
simple diffusion.
C.
active transport.
D.
carrier-mediated diffusion.
E.
endocytosis.
Question #30
Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #31
The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.
A.
ceruminous
B.
merocrine
C.
apocrine
D.
sebaceous
Question #32
Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.
A.
water; quickly
B.
water; slowly
C.
lipid; slowly
D.
lipid; quickly
Question #33
Which is the actively growing part of the nail?
A.
Nail root
B.
Nail folds
C.
Nail matrix
D.
Free edge
E.
Nail bed
Question #34
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
A.
heating
B.
tanning
C.
immune
D.
sweating
E.
sensory
Question #35
Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #36
Which are applicable to the stratum corneum? a: Most superficial stratum b: Consists of about 3–5 cell layers c: Cells are dead d: Interlocking keratinized cells e: Cells are anucleate
A.
a, c, d
B.
a, b, d
C.
a, c, d, e
D.
a, b, c, d, e
E.
a, c, e
Question #37
Transpiration is another name for sweating.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #38
Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the
A.
epidermal ridges.
B.
epidermis proper.
C.
subcutaneous layer.
D.
reticular connective tissue.
E.
dermal papillae.
Question #39
The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include
A.
maintenance of boundaries and sensation of stimuli.
B.
frequent regeneration, structural support, and defense against infection.
C.
water regulation and vitamin synthesis.
D.
organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.
Question #40
The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #41
The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #42
Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?
A.
Increased blood flow to affected areas.
B.
Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.
C.
Increased melanin production.
D.
Dehydration of the stratum corneum.
E.
Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers.
Question #43
Sebum is a secretion that
A.
acts as a pheremone once reproductive maturity is reached.
B.
maintains water balance through waterproofing the skin.
C.
cools the skin and eliminates certain drugs.
D.
lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.
Question #44
The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
elastic connective tissue.
C.
adipose tissue.
D.
nervous tissue.
E.
reticular connective tissue.
Question #45
The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #46
A.
a, d, e
B.
a, b, c, e
C.
a, c, d, e
D.
a, b, e
E.
a, b, d, e
Question #47
Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #48
Within the body, carotene is converted to
A.
vitamin A, which is important for visual function.
B.
vitamin E, which is important for auditory function
C.
vitamin A, which is important for auditory function.
D.
vitamin E, which is important for visual function.
Question #49
Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #50
Thick skin contains
A.
five epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
B.
five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
C.
six epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
D.
four epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
E.
seven epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
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