Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
The urinary system filters the blood, concentrates waste products, and removes waste products from the body.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #2
Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?
A.
Surgical anatomy
B.
Embryology
C.
Cytology
D.
Histology
E.
Developmental anatomy
Question #3
The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is
A.
anatomy.
B.
physiology.
Question #4
At what level of organization is a tooth, which contains multiple tissue types?
A.
Cell level
B.
Atomic level
C.
System level
D.
Organ level
E.
Tissue level
Question #5
Respiratory physiology is primarily the study of
A.
the branching pattern of the small airways of the lungs.
B.
how gases are transferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.
C.
cell shape withinthe alveoli of the lungs.
D.
the tissue composition of the airways, air sacs, and blood vessels.
Question #6
The cell is the smallest living portion of the human body.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #7
If your body temperature starts to decline, your body responds by exciting skeletal muscles so that you shiver and your temperature returns to normal. This is an example of negative feedback.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #8
When you are exposed to bright light, cells in the retina detect the stimulus and send it to the brain for processing. The brain commands the iris to constrict and decrease pupil size. Which structure serves as a receptor in this system?
A.
The iris
B.
The eyelid
C.
The brain's visual cortex
D.
The retina
Question #9
Which system is responsible for providing protection, regulating body temperature, and being the site of cutaneous receptors?
A.
Urinary
B.
Integumentary
C.
Nervous
D.
Respiratory
E.
Muscular
Question #10
The system responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and atmospheric air is the _____________ system.
A.
nervous
B.
endocrine
C.
urinary
D.
respiratory
E.
cardiovascular
Question #11
The nuclear envelope consists primarily of
A.
messenger RNA.
B.
a double helix of DNA.
C.
ribosomal subunits.
D.
two phospholipid bilayers.
Question #12
Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is
A.
steepest and temperature is at body temperature.
B.
steepest and temperature is highest.
C.
slightest and temperature is lowest.
D.
slightest and temperature is highest.
E.
slightest and temperature is at body temperature.
Question #13
Identify the organelle that provides enzymes for autolysis.
A.
Peroxisomes
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Golgi apparatus
E.
Smooth ER
Question #14
The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing
A.
both exocytosis and endocytosis.
B.
primary active transport.
C.
exocytosis.
D.
receptor-mediated endocytosis.
E.
secondary active transport.
F.
Question #15
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #16
The amount of rough ER is greater in cells producing large amounts of protein for secretion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #17
Which is a passive transport process?
A.
Ion pump
B.
Phagocytosis
C.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D.
Pinocytosis
E.
Osmosis
Question #18
The sodium-potassium pump moves ions against their concentration gradients and helps maintain an electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #19
The sodium-potassium pump moves
A.
sodium and potassium into the cell.
B.
sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.
C.
sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.
D.
sodium and potassium out of the cell.
Question #20
Over time diffusion results in the even distribution of a substance throughout an area.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #21
Mucus is moved along the lining of the trachea by extensions from cell membranes known as
A.
cilia.
B.
flagella.
C.
microvilli.
D.
stereovilli.
Question #22
Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?
A.
0.5% NaCl
B.
1.2% NaCl
C.
0.9% NaCl
Question #23
The folds of the internal membrane of a mitochondrion are called
A.
vacuoles.
B.
cristae.
C.
matrix.
D.
vesicles.
Question #24
Lysosome functions range from the digestion of materials ingested by the cell to the self-destruction of the cell.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #25
These junctions hold adjacent cells together and provide resistance to mechanical stress.
A.
Synapses
B.
Desmosomes
C.
Tight junctions
D.
Gap junctions
Question #26
The lipid that stabilizes the membrane at extreme temperatures and is found in the hydrophobic regions of the bilayer is
A.
the polar head.
B.
glycocalyx.
C.
the nonpolar tails.
D.
glycolipid.
E.
cholesterol.
Question #27
Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as
A.
active transport.
B.
facilitation.
C.
selective transport.
D.
diffusion.
E.
equilibrium.
Question #28
Which is a non-membrane-bound organelle?
A.
Lysosome
B.
Golgi apparatus
C.
Microtubule
D.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
E.
Mitochondrion
Question #29
When a small, polar solute binds to a membrane protein that then changes shape and transports the solute across the membrane, the process is known as
A.
simple diffusion.
B.
active transport.
C.
carrier-mediated diffusion.
D.
endocytosis.
E.
channel-mediated diffusion.
Question #30
Lysosomes contain enzymes that prepare the vesicles that will be used by the Golgi apparatus to package its secretory products.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #31
The type of gland that secretes sweat into a hair follicle that is found in the axillary, anal, and genital regions is the ________ sweat gland.
A.
sebaceous
B.
apocrine
C.
merocrine
D.
ceruminous
Question #32
Drugs that are administered by skin patches tend to be _______ soluble molecules that are absorbed ________.
A.
lipid; quickly
B.
water; quickly
C.
water; slowly
D.
lipid; slowly
Question #33
Which is the actively growing part of the nail?
A.
Free edge
B.
Nail bed
C.
Nail matrix
D.
Nail root
E.
Nail folds
Question #34
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells function as part of the ______ response.
A.
heating
B.
immune
C.
tanning
D.
sweating
E.
sensory
Question #35
Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #36
Which are applicable to the stratum corneum? a: Most superficial stratum b: Consists of about 3–5 cell layers c: Cells are dead d: Interlocking keratinized cells e: Cells are anucleate
A.
a, b, c, d, e
B.
a, b, d
C.
a, c, d, e
D.
a, c, d
E.
a, c, e
Question #37
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the
A.
reticular connective tissue.
B.
epidermal ridges.
C.
subcutaneous layer.
D.
epidermis proper.
E.
dermal papillae.
Question #39
The hypodermis is rich in adipose, and thus its functions include
A.
water regulation and vitamin synthesis.
B.
organ protection, energy storage, and thermal insulation.
C.
frequent regeneration, structural support, and defense against infection.
D.
maintenance of boundaries and sensation of stimuli.
Question #40
The reason for the reddish tint seen in lightly pigmented skin is the molecule formed by the combination of oxygen and melanin.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #41
The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #42
Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?
A.
Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels.
B.
Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers.
C.
Increased blood flow to affected areas.
D.
Increased melanin production.
E.
Dehydration of the stratum corneum.
Question #43
Sebum is a secretion that
A.
maintains water balance through waterproofing the skin.
B.
lubricates skin and helps defend against bacteria.
C.
cools the skin and eliminates certain drugs.
D.
acts as a pheremone once reproductive maturity is reached.
Question #44
The reticular layer of the dermis consists primarily of
A.
elastic connective tissue.
B.
dense irregular connective tissue.
C.
reticular connective tissue.
D.
nervous tissue.
E.
adipose tissue.
Question #45
The skin consists of different tissue types that perform specific activities and therefore is to be considered an organ.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #46
A.
a, b, c, e
B.
a, b, e
C.
a, d, e
D.
a, b, d, e
E.
a, c, d, e
Question #47
Most of the nail body appears pink because of the blood in the underlying capillaries.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #48
Within the body, carotene is converted to
A.
vitamin A, which is important for visual function.
B.
vitamin A, which is important for auditory function.
C.
vitamin E, which is important for visual function.
D.
vitamin E, which is important for auditory function
Question #49
Carotene, a pigment that contributes to skin color, is acquired in the body by eating various yellow-orange vegetables.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #50
Thick skin contains
A.
six epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
B.
five epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
C.
five epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
D.
seven epidermal strata and lacks sweat glands.
E.
four epidermal strata and lacks sebaceous glands.
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