Anthropology 101 - Human Biologic Evolution » Fall 2022 » Midterm Exam
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Question #1
According to the principles of evolutionary science, most hypotheses are based on a trait’s
A.
adaptive function.
B.
overall appearance.
C.
design principles.
D.
analogous features.
Question #2
__________ seeks to understand the genetic differences and similarities between humans and non-human primates.
A.
Forensic anthropology
B.
Molecular anthropology
C.
Anthropometry
D.
Archaeology
Question #3
What was one possible reason evolutionary thought remained stifled in the 17th and 18th centuries?
A.
Naturalists still tried to fit their observations of the natural world into Church doctrine.
B.
Too few fossils had been studied and classified.
C.
Naturalists did not have the pro[per technology to study evolution.
D.
The New World had not yet been thoroughly examined.
Question #4
_________ is an example of a non-adaptive mode of evolution.
A.
Mutation
B.
Sexual selection
C.
Gene flow
D.
Genetic drift
Question #5
Lamarckianism holds that __________.
A.
individuals transform over their lifetime and their offspring inherit those transformations
B.
allele pairs correlate with one another
C.
random mutations provide a pool of variation from which nature selects
D.
all species are fixed
Question #6
Which of the following best defines adaptive radiation?
A.
a process by which many species result from one ancestral one
B.
survival of the fittest
C.
when individuals transform over their lifetime and their offspring inherit those transformations
D.
genetic change that occurs in a population over time
Question #7
Natural selection can be summarized by which statement?
A.
Within a population, some variations are favored by environmental conditions and others are not.
B.
All species are fixed and unchanging.
C.
Organisms transform and pass these transformations on to their offspring.
D.
A divine creator created all species according to an unknowable plan.
Question #8
Why are intelligent design views of creation not supported by gaps in the fossil record?
A.
Intelligent design fully embraces the mechanisms of Darwinian evolution.
B.
The gaps are not wide enough to correspond with any creation events.
C.
Gaps in the fossil record are expected due to the low probability of fossil preservation.
D.
The fossil record is complete and there are no gaps.
Question #9
Tissues are comprised of _______________.
A.
RNA
B.
gametes
C.
somatic cells
D.
stem cells
Question #10
The two main functions of DNA are _______________.
A.
ATP production and cell reproduction
B.
protein synthesis and cell reproduction
C.
protein synthesis and ATP production
D.
there is only one function of DNA, which is protein synthesis
Question #11
Which of the following best defines the term allele?
A.
the location of a gene on a chromosome
B.
a version of a gene
C.
the state of the DNA before replication
D.
a sex cell
Question #12
The genetic code is comprised of _______________, each representing _____________.
A.
amino acids; polypeptides
B.
codons; amino acids
C.
codons; genes
D.
polypeptides; genes
Question #13
Mendel found that when an individual has two different unit factors responsible for a characteristic, ___________________.
A.
only the allele from the father was expressed.
B.
only the allele from the mother was expressed.
C.
that characteristic was not expressed.
D.
the factor that is expressed is dominant.
Question #14
Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?
A.
farmers selecting to breed pigs that gain weight the fastest.
B.
female peacocks choosing to mate with males with the largest tail feathers.
C.
robust finch beaks becoming more dominant due to hard, drought resistant nuts.
D.
the disappearance of green eye color in a group of people over time.
Question #15
True or False: The prime driver of sexual selection is competition between males for mates.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
If the allele for type O blood is recessive and the allele for type A blood is dominant, a person with a A and O alleles would have type ________ blood.
A.
A
B.
AO
C.
OA
D.
O
Question #17
When populations migrate, their genes are experiencing
A.
genetic drift
B.
differential mortality
C.
gene flow
D.
founder effect
Question #18
According to the ideas of inclusive fitness,
A.
animals compete equally with all creatures of the same species.
B.
the reproductive success of one's close family also matters.
C.
an animal is only concerned with its own survival and reproduction.
D.
only individual selection matters in evolution.
Question #19
The idea of ________ asserts that some evolutionary changes may not even involve intermediate forms.
A.
punctuated equilibrium
B.
cladogenesis
C.
gradualism
D.
anagenesis
Question #20
Which of the following is a difference between chimpanzees and bonobos?
A.
Only bonobo males engage in border clashes.
B.
Bonobo females do not emigrate
C.
Bonobo females can achieve more dominance status.
D.
Bonobo fathers nurture their young
Question #21
Anagenesis occurs when
A.
species A becomes species B, and species A no longer exists
B.
species A diverges into species B and C, and species A may or may not still exist
C.
species A becomes species B, and both still exist (i.e., bonobos and chimps)
D.
species A is abducted by aliens, combined with alien DNA, and released as a new species
Question #22
Which of the following is true of primates?
A.
They rely on instinct more so than other mammals.
B.
They live longer than any other mammal.
C.
They grow up faster than other mammals.
D.
They have an extended ontogeny.
Question #23
A frugivorous primate must contend with which of the following?
A.
high fiber diet
B.
increased competition
C.
thorns
D.
secondary plant compounds
Question #24
Which of the following is true of most chimpanzee females?
A.
They band together in polyandrous societies
B.
They are larger than chimp males
C.
They emigrate after reaching maturity
D.
They travel in large independent groups
Question #25
If both parents are heterozygous for a particular recessive, disease-causing allele, their children are _____ % likely to be carriers of the disease.
A.
50
B.
25
C.
100
D.
0
Question #26
Which of the following best describes primate dentition?
A.
includes heavy grinding molars similar to those of grazing animals
B.
uniform in size and shape
C.
includes large canines for tearing meat
D.
highly generalized
Question #27
The majority of haplorhine nonhuman primate species are _______.
A.
solitary
B.
polygynous
C.
polyandrous
D.
monogamous
Question #28
Which of the following is NOT typical of multi-male polygyny?
A.
intense competition for estrus females.
B.
small canine size.
C.
a dominance hierarchy.
D.
binocular stereoscopic vision.
Question #29
Anthropologists studying the origins of monogamy in humans might focus on which primate?
A.
Baboons
B.
Orangutans
C.
Lemurs
D.
Bonobos
E.
Gibbons
Question #30
Which of the following typifies a prosimian (strepsirhine) social system?
A.
Males live in large groups and compete for solitary females.
B.
Females live in small groups and compete for access to solitary males.
C.
Males live alone and use a system of smells and calls to warn other males away.
D.
Females live in large groups that compete for resources with large groups of males.
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