Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Quiz 2

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Question #1
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.   Inorganic salts
B.   Collagen fibers
C.   Trabeculae
D.   Yellow bone marrow
E.   Elastic fibers
Question #2
Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis?
A.   The zone closest to the medullary cavity.
B.   The zone closest to the epiphysis.
C.   The second closest zone to the epiphysis.
D.   The second closest bone to the medullary cavity.
Question #3
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A.   a. - c. - d. - b.
B.   a. - c. - b. - d.
C.   c. - d. - b. - a.
D.   d. - c. - b. - a.
E.   c. - d. - a. - b.
Question #4
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
A.   fibroblasts.
B.   osteoblasts.
C.   osteocytes.
D.   chondrocytes.
E.   chondroblasts.
Question #5
Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ______ and occurs in the _______ region of the cartilage.
A.   width; peripheral
B.   length; internal
C.   length; peripheral
D.   width; internal
Question #6
Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity, which will _________ blood calcium levels.
A.   stimulates; increase
B.   stimulates; decrease
C.   inhibits; increase
D.   inhibits; decrease
Question #7
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.   thyroid to produce calcitriol.
B.   brain to produce serotonin.
C.   liver to produce calcitonin.
D.   liver to produce somatomedin.
E.   parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
Question #8
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.
A.   membranous
B.   dense connective tissue
C.   osteoid
D.   mesenchyme
E.   hyaline cartilage
Question #9
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
A.   True
B.   False
Question #10
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
A.   Hamate
B.   Zygomatic
C.   Axis
D.   Radius
E.   First metatarsal
Question #11
What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?
A.   Increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth.
B.   Increased activity of osteoclasts occurs in response to parathyroid hormone stimulation.
C.   Increased rate of calcium deposition occurs due to high blood calcium levels.
D.   Increased absorption of dietary vitamins and minerals strengthens the matrix.
E.   Increased physical activity causes lengthwise growth in response to bone stress.
Question #12
Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a: Formation of lamellar bone. b: Osteoid undergoes calcification. c: Ossification centers form. d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum.
A.   b - c - d - a
B.   c - b - a - d
C.   a - c - d - b
D.   c - b - d - a
E.   b - a - c - d
Question #13
Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?
A.   Osteoclasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoblasts build bone at the interstitial lamellae.
B.   Osteoblasts build bone at thecircumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity.
C.   Osteocytes build bone at the interstitial lamellae while osteoclasts expand the length of the medullary cavity.
D.   Osteocytes and osteoclasts expand the bone at its epiphyses, chondrocytes construct cartilage.
E.   Osteoblasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoclasts build bone at the epiphyses.
Question #14
Which is not a function of bone?
A.   Body movement
B.   Hematopoiesis
C.   Mineral storage
D.   Protection
E.   Generation of heat
Question #15
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
A.   high; canaliculi
B.   low; canaliculi
C.   low; lacunae
D.   high; lacunae

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