Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Quiz 2
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Question #1
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Trabeculae
B.
Inorganic salts
C.
Yellow bone marrow
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Collagen fibers
Question #2
Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis?
A.
The second closest bone to the medullary cavity.
B.
The zone closest to the epiphysis.
C.
The zone closest to the medullary cavity.
D.
The second closest zone to the epiphysis.
Question #3
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A.
a. - c. - d. - b.
B.
a. - c. - b. - d.
C.
d. - c. - b. - a.
D.
c. - d. - a. - b.
E.
c. - d. - b. - a.
Question #4
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
A.
osteoblasts.
B.
fibroblasts.
C.
chondrocytes.
D.
chondroblasts.
E.
osteocytes.
Question #5
Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ______ and occurs in the _______ region of the cartilage.
A.
length; internal
B.
length; peripheral
C.
width; internal
D.
width; peripheral
Question #6
Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity, which will _________ blood calcium levels.
A.
inhibits; increase
B.
inhibits; decrease
C.
stimulates; increase
D.
stimulates; decrease
Question #7
To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the
A.
liver to produce calcitonin.
B.
liver to produce somatomedin.
C.
thyroid to produce calcitriol.
D.
parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E.
brain to produce serotonin.
Question #8
Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.
A.
dense connective tissue
B.
mesenchyme
C.
osteoid
D.
membranous
E.
hyaline cartilage
Question #9
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #10
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
A.
Hamate
B.
Zygomatic
C.
Radius
D.
Axis
E.
First metatarsal
Question #11
What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?
A.
Increased activity of osteoclasts occurs in response to parathyroid hormone stimulation.
B.
Increased absorption of dietary vitamins and minerals strengthens the matrix.
C.
Increased rate of calcium deposition occurs due to high blood calcium levels.
D.
Increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth.
E.
Increased physical activity causes lengthwise growth in response to bone stress.
Question #12
Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order? a: Formation of lamellar bone. b: Osteoid undergoes calcification. c: Ossification centers form. d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum.
A.
c - b - d - a
B.
a - c - d - b
C.
b - a - c - d
D.
c - b - a - d
E.
b - c - d - a
Question #13
Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?
A.
Osteoblasts build bone at thecircumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the medullary cavity.
B.
Osteoclasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoblasts build bone at the interstitial lamellae.
C.
Osteocytes build bone at the interstitial lamellae while osteoclasts expand the length of the medullary cavity.
D.
Osteoblasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoclasts build bone at the epiphyses.
E.
Osteocytes and osteoclasts expand the bone at its epiphyses, chondrocytes construct cartilage.
Question #14
Which is not a function of bone?
A.
Protection
B.
Mineral storage
C.
Generation of heat
D.
Body movement
E.
Hematopoiesis
Question #15
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
A.
high; canaliculi
B.
low; lacunae
C.
low; canaliculi
D.
high; lacunae
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