Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #2
A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #3
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
A.
flexion.
B.
adduction.
C.
inversion.
D.
retraction.
E.
abduction.
Question #4
The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #5
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a
A.
symphysis.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
syndesmosis.
D.
gomphosis.
E.
suture.
Question #6
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?
A.
Coracoacromial ligament
B.
Glenohumeral ligament
C.
Coracohumeral ligament
D.
Humeral collateral ligament
Question #7
The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #8
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
B.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
D.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
E.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
Question #9
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the
A.
ulnar collateral ligament.
B.
annular ligament.
C.
lateral cruciate ligament.
D.
radial collateral ligament.
E.
ulnar condylar ligament.
Question #10
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the
A.
obturator membrane.
B.
coxal retinaculum.
C.
acetabular labrum.
D.
glenoid labrum.
Question #11
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped
A.
iliofemoral ligament.
B.
pubofemoral ligament.
C.
ischiofemoral ligament.
D.
ligament of the head of the femur.
Question #12
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Plane
B.
Pivot
C.
Saddle
D.
Condylar
E.
Ball and socket
Question #13
The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #14
At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #15
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?
A.
Elastic cartilage
B.
Hyaline cartilage
C.
Sutural cartilage
D.
Reticular cartilage
E.
Fibrocartilage
Question #16
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers.
A.
coronoid capsule
B.
sphenomandibular ligament
C.
articular disc
D.
mandibular partition
E.
meniscus
Question #17
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the
A.
patella and the femur.
B.
fibula and the femur.
C.
patella and the tibia.
D.
patella and the fibula.
Question #18
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond normal, the movement is referred to as
A.
hypertrophy.
B.
dislocation.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
hyperflexion.
E.
supination.
Question #19
The pubic symphysis is classified as a
A.
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
B.
fibrous joint and a synarthrosis.
C.
cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis.
D.
fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
E.
synovial joint and a diarthrosis.
Question #20
One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force evenly across the joint surface.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #21
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint.
A.
fibulometatarsal
B.
knee
C.
humeroradial
D.
tarsometatarsal
E.
talocrural
Question #22
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
articular cartilage.
C.
dense regular connective tissue.
D.
areolar connective tissue.
E.
fibrocartilage.
Question #23
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #24
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #25
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
pivot
C.
ball and socket
D.
hinge
Question #26
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
A.
stimulate osteoclasts to move calcium from the blood and into the bone.
B.
stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix.
C.
stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
D.
stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels.
Question #27
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #28
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
C.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
D.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
E.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
Question #29
The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
A.
tibia
B.
femur
C.
radius
D.
humerus
E.
clavicle
Question #30
Chronically high levels of ___________ inhibit(s) bone growth.
A.
growth hormone
B.
estrogen and testosterone
C.
thyroid hormone
D.
serotonin
E.
calcitonin
Question #31
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #32
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
A.
Gravity
B.
Mechanical stress
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels
E.
Blood calcium level
Question #33
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
A.
Axis
B.
Zygomatic
C.
First metatarsal
D.
Hamate
E.
Radius
Question #34
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
A.
blood vessels
B.
canaliculi
C.
lamellae
D.
osteonic canals
E.
perforating canals
Question #35
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
A.
low; canaliculi
B.
high; lacunae
C.
high; canaliculi
D.
low; lacunae
Question #36
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a disorder that affects endochondral ossification. Which of the following bones will be affected?
A.
The tibia (long bone) of the leg.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Most bones of the body.
D.
Long bones in the fingers and toes.
E.
The humerus (long bone) of the upper limb.
Question #37
A.
True
B.
False
Question #38
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A.
d. - c. - b. - a.
B.
a. - c. - d. - b.
C.
c. - d. - b. - a.
D.
a. - c. - b. - d.
E.
c. - d. - a. - b.
Question #39
When during human development does the process of endochondral ossification begin?
A.
10-25 years of age.
B.
8th-9th month of embryonic development.
C.
8th week of embryonic development.
D.
3-4 months of age.
E.
12 weeks after birth.
F.
Question #40
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Gel-like ground substance
C.
Avascular
D.
Matrix of protein fibers
E.
Cells called chondrocytes
Question #41
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Circumferential lamellae
C.
Perforating canals
D.
Concentric lamellae
E.
Interstitial lamellae
Question #42
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #43
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
C.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
D.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E.
It is located deep to compact bone.
Question #44
The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a: Calcified cartilage b: Hypertrophic cartilage c: Ossification d: Resting cartilage e: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is
A.
d - e - b - a - c.
B.
d - b - e - a - c.
C.
e - d - a - c - b.
D.
c - a - b - e - d.
E.
c - d - e - a - b.
Question #45
If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?
A.
The bone will become soft and bendable.
B.
The bone will dissolve completely.
C.
The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone.
D.
The bone will become extremely brittle.
E.
The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone.
Question #46
For most individuals a common source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #47
Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A.
Osteoprogenitor cells
B.
Osteoclasts
C.
Bone-lining cells
D.
Osteoblasts
E.
Osteocytes
Question #48
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
A.
fibroblasts.
B.
osteocytes.
C.
chondroblasts.
D.
chondrocytes.
E.
osteoblasts.
Question #49
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Elastic fibers
B.
Collagen fibers
C.
Inorganic salts
D.
Trabeculae
E.
Yellow bone marrow
Question #50
Which is false regarding bone remodeling?
A.
It occurs only at articular surfaces.
B.
It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone.
C.
It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
D.
It can occur in response to stress on a bone.
E.
It occurs throughout life.
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