Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #2
A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #3
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
A.
retraction.
B.
inversion.
C.
flexion.
D.
adduction.
E.
abduction.
Question #4
The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #5
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a
A.
suture.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
syndesmosis.
D.
gomphosis.
E.
symphysis.
Question #6
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?
A.
Glenohumeral ligament
B.
Coracoacromial ligament
C.
Humeral collateral ligament
D.
Coracohumeral ligament
Question #7
The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #8
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
B.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
C.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
Question #9
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the
A.
ulnar collateral ligament.
B.
ulnar condylar ligament.
C.
lateral cruciate ligament.
D.
annular ligament.
E.
radial collateral ligament.
Question #10
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the
A.
coxal retinaculum.
B.
glenoid labrum.
C.
obturator membrane.
D.
acetabular labrum.
Question #11
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped
A.
iliofemoral ligament.
B.
ischiofemoral ligament.
C.
pubofemoral ligament.
D.
ligament of the head of the femur.
Question #12
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Condylar
B.
Ball and socket
C.
Plane
D.
Saddle
E.
Pivot
Question #13
The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #14
At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #15
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?
A.
Reticular cartilage
B.
Fibrocartilage
C.
Hyaline cartilage
D.
Elastic cartilage
E.
Sutural cartilage
Question #16
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers.
A.
articular disc
B.
coronoid capsule
C.
meniscus
D.
sphenomandibular ligament
E.
mandibular partition
Question #17
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the
A.
patella and the tibia.
B.
patella and the fibula.
C.
patella and the femur.
D.
fibula and the femur.
Question #18
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond normal, the movement is referred to as
A.
supination.
B.
hypertrophy.
C.
hyperflexion.
D.
dislocation.
E.
hyperextension.
Question #19
The pubic symphysis is classified as a
A.
fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
B.
cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis.
C.
synovial joint and a diarthrosis.
D.
fibrous joint and a synarthrosis.
E.
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
Question #20
One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force evenly across the joint surface.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #21
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint.
A.
talocrural
B.
knee
C.
humeroradial
D.
fibulometatarsal
E.
tarsometatarsal
Question #22
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
dense irregular connective tissue.
B.
areolar connective tissue.
C.
articular cartilage.
D.
fibrocartilage.
E.
dense regular connective tissue.
Question #23
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #24
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #25
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
ball and socket
D.
pivot
Question #26
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
A.
stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix.
B.
stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
C.
stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels.
D.
stimulate osteoclasts to move calcium from the blood and into the bone.
Question #27
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #28
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
B.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
C.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
D.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
Question #29
The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
A.
tibia
B.
radius
C.
clavicle
D.
femur
E.
humerus
Question #30
Chronically high levels of ___________ inhibit(s) bone growth.
A.
estrogen and testosterone
B.
serotonin
C.
growth hormone
D.
calcitonin
E.
thyroid hormone
Question #31
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #32
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
A.
Blood calcium level
B.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Mechanical stress
E.
Gravity
Question #33
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
A.
Axis
B.
Radius
C.
First metatarsal
D.
Hamate
E.
Zygomatic
Question #34
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
A.
osteonic canals
B.
canaliculi
C.
perforating canals
D.
blood vessels
E.
lamellae
Question #35
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
A.
low; lacunae
B.
low; canaliculi
C.
high; canaliculi
D.
high; lacunae
Question #36
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a disorder that affects endochondral ossification. Which of the following bones will be affected?
A.
Long bones in the fingers and toes.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Most bones of the body.
D.
The humerus (long bone) of the upper limb.
E.
The tibia (long bone) of the leg.
Question #37
Bone is considered part of the skeletal system, but ligaments are not.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A.
a. - c. - b. - d.
B.
c. - d. - a. - b.
C.
a. - c. - d. - b.
D.
d. - c. - b. - a.
E.
c. - d. - b. - a.
Question #39
When during human development does the process of endochondral ossification begin?
A.
8th week of embryonic development.
B.
3-4 months of age.
C.
12 weeks after birth.
D.
8th-9th month of embryonic development.
E.
F.
10-25 years of age.
Question #40
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
Cells called chondrocytes
B.
Avascular
C.
Matrix of protein fibers
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Gel-like ground substance
Question #41
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Canaliculi
B.
Interstitial lamellae
C.
Concentric lamellae
D.
Circumferential lamellae
E.
Perforating canals
Question #42
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #43
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is located deep to compact bone.
B.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
D.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #44
The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a: Calcified cartilage b: Hypertrophic cartilage c: Ossification d: Resting cartilage e: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is
A.
e - d - a - c - b.
B.
c - a - b - e - d.
C.
c - d - e - a - b.
D.
d - e - b - a - c.
E.
d - b - e - a - c.
Question #45
If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?
A.
The bone will become soft and bendable.
B.
The bone will dissolve completely.
C.
The bone will become extremely brittle.
D.
The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone.
E.
The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone.
Question #46
For most individuals a common source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #47
A.
Osteoblasts
B.
Bone-lining cells
C.
Osteocytes
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Osteoclasts
Question #48
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
A.
osteocytes.
B.
chondrocytes.
C.
fibroblasts.
D.
chondroblasts.
E.
osteoblasts.
Question #49
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Trabeculae
B.
Elastic fibers
C.
Collagen fibers
D.
Yellow bone marrow
E.
Inorganic salts
Question #50
Which is false regarding bone remodeling?
A.
It can occur in response to stress on a bone.
B.
It occurs throughout life.
C.
It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone.
D.
It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
E.
It occurs only at articular surfaces.
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