Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Lateral rotation is also known as external rotation.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #2
A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #3
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
A.
retraction.
B.
abduction.
C.
inversion.
D.
adduction.
E.
flexion.
Question #4
The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #5
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
gomphosis.
C.
suture.
D.
symphysis.
E.
synchondrosis.
Question #6
Which ligament is not associated with the glenohumeral joint?
A.
Humeral collateral ligament
B.
Coracoacromial ligament
C.
Coracohumeral ligament
D.
Glenohumeral ligament
Question #7
The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #8
Which is false regarding ligaments?
A.
Intrinsic ligaments are thickenings of the articular cartilage.
B.
Intracapsular ligaments are within the articular capsule.
C.
Ligaments are composed of dense regular connective tissue.
D.
Extrinsic ligaments are physically separate from the articular capsule.
E.
Extracapsular ligaments are outside the articular capsule.
Question #9
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the
A.
radial collateral ligament.
B.
ulnar collateral ligament.
C.
lateral cruciate ligament.
D.
ulnar condylar ligament.
E.
annular ligament.
Question #10
The fibrocartilage rim that deepens the hip socket is the
A.
glenoid labrum.
B.
acetabular labrum.
C.
coxal retinaculum.
D.
obturator membrane.
Question #11
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped
A.
ligament of the head of the femur.
B.
pubofemoral ligament.
C.
iliofemoral ligament.
D.
ischiofemoral ligament.
Question #12
Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A.
Plane
B.
Pivot
C.
Ball and socket
D.
Saddle
E.
Condylar
Question #13
The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #14
At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #15
What type of cartilage is located between the bones in a symphysis?
A.
Fibrocartilage
B.
Elastic cartilage
C.
Hyaline cartilage
D.
Sutural cartilage
E.
Reticular cartilage
Question #16
In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the synovial cavity into two separate chambers.
A.
articular disc
B.
mandibular partition
C.
coronoid capsule
D.
sphenomandibular ligament
E.
meniscus
Question #17
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the
A.
fibula and the femur.
B.
patella and the femur.
C.
patella and the fibula.
D.
patella and the tibia.
Question #18
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond normal, the movement is referred to as
A.
hypertrophy.
B.
supination.
C.
hyperextension.
D.
hyperflexion.
E.
dislocation.
Question #19
The pubic symphysis is classified as a
A.
fibrous joint and a synarthrosis.
B.
synovial joint and a diarthrosis.
C.
fibrous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
D.
cartilaginous joint and a synarthrosis.
E.
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis.
Question #20
One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force evenly across the joint surface.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #21
The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________ joint.
A.
humeroradial
B.
tarsometatarsal
C.
fibulometatarsal
D.
knee
E.
talocrural
Question #22
In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
A.
fibrocartilage.
B.
dense irregular connective tissue.
C.
areolar connective tissue.
D.
articular cartilage.
E.
dense regular connective tissue.
Question #23
The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal joint, are also the most stable.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #24
Gliding is an example of an angular motion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #25
When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a _________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
ball and socket
C.
saddle
D.
pivot
Question #26
Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
A.
stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
B.
stimulate osteoclasts to move calcium from the blood and into the bone.
C.
stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix.
D.
stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels.
Question #27
Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #28
Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for
A.
calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B.
glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
C.
calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.
D.
phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E.
steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
Question #29
The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
A.
radius
B.
humerus
C.
femur
D.
clavicle
E.
tibia
Question #30
Chronically high levels of ___________ inhibit(s) bone growth.
A.
estrogen and testosterone
B.
thyroid hormone
C.
growth hormone
D.
calcitonin
E.
serotonin
Question #31
Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous ossification.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #32
Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?
A.
Blood calcium level
B.
Gravity
C.
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Mechanical stress
Question #33
Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?
A.
Hamate
B.
First metatarsal
C.
Zygomatic
D.
Radius
E.
Axis
Question #34
In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
A.
canaliculi
B.
perforating canals
C.
osteonic canals
D.
lamellae
E.
blood vessels
Question #35
Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small spaces called ________.
A.
high; canaliculi
B.
high; lacunae
C.
low; canaliculi
D.
low; lacunae
Question #36
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a disorder that affects endochondral ossification. Which of the following bones will be affected?
A.
The humerus (long bone) of the upper limb.
B.
The tibia (long bone) of the leg.
C.
Most bones of the body.
D.
Long bones in the fingers and toes.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #37
A.
False
B.
True
Question #38
Place in correct order the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage. a: New matrix is produced and secreted. b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna. c: Stem cells undergo mitosis. d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A.
a. - c. - b. - d.
B.
c. - d. - b. - a.
C.
c. - d. - a. - b.
D.
d. - c. - b. - a.
E.
a. - c. - d. - b.
Question #39
When during human development does the process of endochondral ossification begin?
A.
12 weeks after birth.
B.
10-25 years of age.
C.
D.
3-4 months of age.
E.
8th week of embryonic development.
F.
8th-9th month of embryonic development.
Question #40
Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Cells called chondrocytes
C.
Gel-like ground substance
D.
Matrix of protein fibers
E.
Avascular
Question #41
What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A.
Concentric lamellae
B.
Circumferential lamellae
C.
Interstitial lamellae
D.
Canaliculi
E.
Perforating canals
Question #42
In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken them and lead to more frequent fractures.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #43
Which is not correct about spongy bone?
A.
It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
B.
It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.
C.
It is located deep to compact bone.
D.
Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
E.
It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
Question #44
The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are a: Calcified cartilage b: Hypertrophic cartilage c: Ossification d: Resting cartilage e: Proliferating cartilage The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and proceeding toward the diaphysis, is
A.
e - d - a - c - b.
B.
d - e - b - a - c.
C.
c - d - e - a - b.
D.
c - a - b - e - d.
E.
d - b - e - a - c.
Question #45
If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?
A.
The bone will become extremely brittle.
B.
The bone will become soft and bendable.
C.
The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone.
D.
The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone.
E.
The bone will dissolve completely.
Question #46
For most individuals a common source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #47
A.
Osteoblasts
B.
Osteocytes
C.
Bone-lining cells
D.
Osteoprogenitor cells
E.
Osteoclasts
Question #48
During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the
A.
chondroblasts.
B.
osteoblasts.
C.
osteocytes.
D.
chondrocytes.
E.
fibroblasts.
Question #49
What gives bone its flexibility?
A.
Yellow bone marrow
B.
Inorganic salts
C.
Collagen fibers
D.
Elastic fibers
E.
Trabeculae
Question #50
Which is false regarding bone remodeling?
A.
It occurs throughout life.
B.
It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone.
C.
It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
D.
It can occur in response to stress on a bone.
E.
It occurs only at articular surfaces.
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