A.   Rachel Held Evans founded the Methodist African Congregation of Boston

B.   Sarah Bessey founded the African American Church of Christ

C.   Robert S. Johnson founded the Pan African United Church

D.   Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church

A.   Slaveholders had come to believe that if slaves learned the “right” (that is, white) form of Christianity, then slaves would be more obedient and hardworking.

B.   Slaveholders were given a tax deduction for baptizing their enslaved people.

C.   Slaveowners didn't promote enslaved people to become Christians because then they would learn about the Bible and freedom.

D.   Slaveowners believed that enslaved people needed to learn to read and write, so they used the Bible to teach them.

A.   The federal law imposed heavy fines and prison sentences on northerners and midwesterners who aided runaway slaves or refused to join posses to catch fugitives. Many northerners felt the law forced them to act as slave-catchers against their will.

B.   The Northerners wanted to keep the runaway enslaved people for themselves, so they resisted the notion of labeling enslaved people as free persons. Many Northerners went as far as to join the blockade of Canada in the 1860s to ensure than "fugitive" slaves didn't make it past the North where Northerners wanted to put them to use.

C.   The federal law was unfair and heavily punished those who were slaveowners in the South.

D.   The state law required Southerns to produce documents than Northerners wouldn't accept as legally valid since they were not produced in Northern courts. This caused Northerners to embrace states' rights and require Southerners to travel to the North themselves to find their "fugitive" slaves.

A.   Phrenology is the study of human emotions, and it gave 19th-century Americans useful language in describing how they felt about everyday experiences.

B.   Phrenology is the mapping of the cranium to specific human attributes, and it stands as an early type of science that is related to what would become psychology.

C.   Phrenology is the study of animal husbandry, which became the basis of zoos in early America.

D.   Phrenology is the study of smells, which was developed by Dr. Howard J. York during his research with house cats in Victorian England.

A.   Focus on reason instead emotions and personal experience

B.   Focus on the individual

C.   Focus on controlling one’s destiny

D.   Focus on having charismatic leaders who organize people