A.   initiate responses to information.

B.   collect information.

C.   conduct impulses to muscles.

D.   process information.

A.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C.    Involuntary control of the heart 

D.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

A.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

B.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A.   At the tips of telodendria 

B.   Within the cell body 

C.   At the ends of dendrites 

D.   Along axon collaterals 

A.   motor neurons.

B.   interneurons.

C.   bipolar neurons.

D.   sensory neurons.

A.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

D.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

D.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

B.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

C.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

A.   microglial cell.

B.   astrocyte.

C.   ependymal cell.

D.   oligodendrocyte.

A.   astrocyte.

B.   neurolemmocyte.

C.   satellite cell.

D.   ependymal cell.

A.   carries information only toward the PNS.

B.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

C.   contains a single axon.

D.   is found only in the CNS.

A.   dense regular connective tissue.

B.   dense irregular connective tissue.

C.   areolar connective tissue.

D.   simple squamous epithelium.

A.   perineurium.

B.   endosteum.

C.   epineurium.

D.   endoneurium.

A.    initial 

B.   receptive 

C.    transmissive

D.   conductive 

A.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

B.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

C.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

D.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

A.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

B.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

C.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

D.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

A.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

B.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

A.   0 mV.

B.   more positive.

C.   more negative.

D.    the same.

A.   sodium-potassium pumps.

B.   mechanically gated channels.

C.   voltage-gated channels.

D.   chemically gated channels.

A.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

C.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

A.   chemically, dendrite 

B.   chemically, axon

C.   voltage-, axon 

D.   voltage-, dendrite 

A.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

C.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

D.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A.   Absolute refractory period 

B.   Relative refractory period 

A.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

B.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

C.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A.   unmyelinated, small 

B.   myelinated, large 

C.   unmyelinated, large 

D.   myelinated, small

A.   myelinated regions.

B.   neurofibril nodes.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

A.   mesoderm.

B.   endoderm.

C.   ectoderm.

A.   a, b, c

B.   b, c, a

C.   b, a, c

D.   a, c, b

A.   Arachnoid

B.   Subdural layer

C.   Dura mater

D.   Pia mater 

A.   fourth

B.   median 

C.   third 

D.   lateral 

A.   interventricular foramen.

B.   central canal.

C.   mesencephalic aqueduct

D.   septum pellucidum.

A.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A.   arachnoid granulation.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   arachnoid villi.

D.   choroid plexus.

A.   astrocytes.

B.   microglia.

C.   arachnoid villi.

D.   the median aperture.

A.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

A.   cerebellum.

B.   pons.

C.   cerebrum.

D.   hypothalamus.

A.   cerebral sulci.

B.   corpus callosum.

C.   cerebral gyri.

D.   hypothalamus.

A.   verbal communication.

B.   smell.

C.   hearing.

D.   vision.

A.   sound, cerebellum

B.   taste, frontal lobe

C.   smell, parietal lobe

D.   taste, insula 

A.   Mammillary body

B.   Pineal gland 

C.   Anterior nucleus 

D.   Habenular nucleus

A.   pons.

B.   epithalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   thalamus.

A.   Red nuclei 

B.   Substantia nigra 

C.   Cerebral nuclei

D.   Arcuate nuclei 

A.   visual reflexes, pons 

B.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

C.   blood pressure, pons 

D.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A.   Pons

B.   Cerebrum 

C.   Medulla oblongata

D.   Cerebellum

A.   medulla oblongata 

B.   limbic system 

C.   hypothalamus 

D.   cerebellum