A.   process information.

B.   initiate responses to information.

C.   collect information.

D.   conduct impulses to muscles.

A.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D.    Involuntary control of the heart 

A.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

B.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

A.   Within the cell body 

B.   Along axon collaterals 

C.   At the ends of dendrites 

D.   At the tips of telodendria 

A.   sensory neurons.

B.   motor neurons.

C.   interneurons.

D.   bipolar neurons.

A.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

B.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

B.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

B.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

A.   astrocyte.

B.   microglial cell.

C.   ependymal cell.

D.   oligodendrocyte.

A.   astrocyte.

B.   neurolemmocyte.

C.   ependymal cell.

D.   satellite cell.

A.   carries information only toward the PNS.

B.   is found only in the CNS.

C.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D.   contains a single axon.

A.   areolar connective tissue.

B.   dense regular connective tissue.

C.   simple squamous epithelium.

D.   dense irregular connective tissue.

A.   endoneurium.

B.   epineurium.

C.   perineurium.

D.   endosteum.

A.   conductive 

B.    transmissive

C.   receptive 

D.    initial 

A.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

B.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

C.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

D.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

A.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

D.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A.    the same.

B.   0 mV.

C.   more negative.

D.   more positive.

A.   sodium-potassium pumps.

B.   mechanically gated channels.

C.   chemically gated channels.

D.   voltage-gated channels.

A.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

B.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

C.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

A.   chemically, axon

B.   voltage-, axon 

C.   chemically, dendrite 

D.   voltage-, dendrite 

A.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

C.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

A.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

C.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

A.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

A.   Absolute refractory period 

B.   Relative refractory period 

A.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

B.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

C.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A.   unmyelinated, small 

B.   myelinated, small

C.   myelinated, large 

D.   unmyelinated, large 

A.   neurofibril nodes.

B.   myelinated regions.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A.   ectoderm.

B.   endoderm.

C.   mesoderm.

A.   a, b, c

B.   a, c, b

C.   b, c, a

D.   b, a, c

A.   Dura mater

B.   Pia mater 

C.   Subdural layer

D.   Arachnoid

A.   lateral 

B.   third 

C.   fourth

D.   median 

A.   mesencephalic aqueduct

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   interventricular foramen.

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

B.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

C.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

A.   arachnoid villi.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   choroid plexus.

D.   arachnoid granulation.

A.   microglia.

B.   astrocytes.

C.   the median aperture.

D.   arachnoid villi.

A.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

C.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

D.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A.   pons.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   cerebellum.

D.   cerebrum.

A.   hypothalamus.

B.   corpus callosum.

C.   cerebral gyri.

D.   cerebral sulci.

A.   verbal communication.

B.   smell.

C.   hearing.

D.   vision.

A.   taste, insula 

B.   taste, frontal lobe

C.   sound, cerebellum

D.   smell, parietal lobe

A.   Pineal gland 

B.   Habenular nucleus

C.   Mammillary body

D.   Anterior nucleus 

A.   pons.

B.   thalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   epithalamus.

A.   Arcuate nuclei 

B.   Red nuclei 

C.   Substantia nigra 

D.   Cerebral nuclei

A.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B.   blood pressure, pons 

C.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

D.   visual reflexes, pons 

A.   Cerebellum

B.   Medulla oblongata

C.   Cerebrum 

D.   Pons

A.   limbic system 

B.   medulla oblongata 

C.   cerebellum 

D.   hypothalamus