A.   conduct impulses to muscles.

B.   collect information.

C.   process information.

D.   initiate responses to information.

A.    Involuntary control of the heart 

B.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

D.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

A.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

B.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A.   Within the cell body 

B.   At the tips of telodendria 

C.   At the ends of dendrites 

D.   Along axon collaterals 

A.   sensory neurons.

B.   bipolar neurons.

C.   motor neurons.

D.   interneurons.

A.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

B.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

D.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

C.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

D.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A.   astrocyte.

B.   microglial cell.

C.   oligodendrocyte.

D.   ependymal cell.

A.   ependymal cell.

B.   astrocyte.

C.   satellite cell.

D.   neurolemmocyte.

A.   is found only in the CNS.

B.   contains a single axon.

C.   carries information only toward the PNS.

D.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A.   dense regular connective tissue.

B.   areolar connective tissue.

C.   simple squamous epithelium.

D.   dense irregular connective tissue.

A.   perineurium.

B.   endoneurium.

C.   endosteum.

D.   epineurium.

A.   receptive 

B.    initial 

C.   conductive 

D.    transmissive

A.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

B.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

C.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

D.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

A.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

B.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

C.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

D.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

A.   more positive.

B.   more negative.

C.    the same.

D.   0 mV.

A.   chemically gated channels.

B.   sodium-potassium pumps.

C.   voltage-gated channels.

D.   mechanically gated channels.

A.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

B.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

C.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

D.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

A.   chemically, axon

B.   chemically, dendrite 

C.   voltage-, dendrite 

D.   voltage-, axon 

A.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

C.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

D.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

B.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

D.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

A.   Absolute refractory period 

B.   Relative refractory period 

A.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

B.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

D.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

A.   unmyelinated, small 

B.   myelinated, small

C.   unmyelinated, large 

D.   myelinated, large 

A.   neurofibril nodes.

B.   myelinated regions.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A.   ectoderm.

B.   mesoderm.

C.   endoderm.

A.   a, b, c

B.   b, a, c

C.   a, c, b

D.   b, c, a

A.   Dura mater

B.   Subdural layer

C.   Pia mater 

D.   Arachnoid

A.   third 

B.   lateral 

C.   fourth

D.   median 

A.   mesencephalic aqueduct

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   interventricular foramen.

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

C.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

A.   arachnoid granulation.

B.   choroid plexus.

C.   septum pellucidum.

D.   arachnoid villi.

A.   microglia.

B.   arachnoid villi.

C.   the median aperture.

D.   astrocytes.

A.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A.   cerebrum.

B.   pons.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   cerebellum.

A.   cerebral sulci.

B.   corpus callosum.

C.   cerebral gyri.

D.   hypothalamus.

A.   vision.

B.   smell.

C.   hearing.

D.   verbal communication.

A.   taste, frontal lobe

B.   smell, parietal lobe

C.   taste, insula 

D.   sound, cerebellum

A.   Mammillary body

B.   Pineal gland 

C.   Habenular nucleus

D.   Anterior nucleus 

A.   epithalamus.

B.   thalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   pons.

A.   Substantia nigra 

B.   Red nuclei 

C.   Arcuate nuclei 

D.   Cerebral nuclei

A.   blood pressure, pons 

B.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D.   visual reflexes, pons 

A.   Cerebellum

B.   Medulla oblongata

C.   Pons

D.   Cerebrum 

A.   limbic system 

B.   cerebellum 

C.   hypothalamus 

D.   medulla oblongata