A.   collect information.

B.   process information.

C.   conduct impulses to muscles.

D.   initiate responses to information.

A.    Involuntary control of the heart 

B.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

C.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

B.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A.   Along axon collaterals 

B.   Within the cell body 

C.   At the tips of telodendria 

D.   At the ends of dendrites 

A.   bipolar neurons.

B.   sensory neurons.

C.   motor neurons.

D.   interneurons.

A.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

D.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

B.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

D.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

A.   ependymal cell.

B.   oligodendrocyte.

C.   astrocyte.

D.   microglial cell.

A.   neurolemmocyte.

B.   ependymal cell.

C.   satellite cell.

D.   astrocyte.

A.   is found only in the CNS.

B.   contains a single axon.

C.   carries information only toward the PNS.

D.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A.   simple squamous epithelium.

B.   dense irregular connective tissue.

C.   dense regular connective tissue.

D.   areolar connective tissue.

A.   perineurium.

B.   endosteum.

C.   endoneurium.

D.   epineurium.

A.    initial 

B.   receptive 

C.   conductive 

D.    transmissive

A.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

B.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

C.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

D.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

A.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

B.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

D.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

A.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

C.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

D.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A.   more positive.

B.    the same.

C.   more negative.

D.   0 mV.

A.   voltage-gated channels.

B.   mechanically gated channels.

C.   sodium-potassium pumps.

D.   chemically gated channels.

A.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

B.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

A.   voltage-, dendrite 

B.   chemically, dendrite 

C.   voltage-, axon 

D.   chemically, axon

A.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

C.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

D.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

A.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

B.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

D.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

A.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

C.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

D.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

A.   Relative refractory period 

B.   Absolute refractory period 

A.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

B.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

C.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

D.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

A.   myelinated, small

B.   unmyelinated, small 

C.   unmyelinated, large 

D.   myelinated, large 

A.   myelinated regions.

B.   neurofibril nodes.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A.   ectoderm.

B.   endoderm.

C.   mesoderm.

A.   a, c, b

B.   b, c, a

C.   a, b, c

D.   b, a, c

A.   Arachnoid

B.   Subdural layer

C.   Pia mater 

D.   Dura mater

A.   median 

B.   third 

C.   lateral 

D.   fourth

A.   septum pellucidum.

B.   interventricular foramen.

C.   mesencephalic aqueduct

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

C.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

A.   choroid plexus.

B.   arachnoid villi.

C.   arachnoid granulation.

D.   septum pellucidum.

A.   microglia.

B.   arachnoid villi.

C.   the median aperture.

D.   astrocytes.

A.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

C.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

D.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A.   pons.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   cerebellum.

D.   cerebrum.

A.   cerebral sulci.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   corpus callosum.

D.   cerebral gyri.

A.   smell.

B.   verbal communication.

C.   hearing.

D.   vision.

A.   taste, frontal lobe

B.   taste, insula 

C.   smell, parietal lobe

D.   sound, cerebellum

A.   Pineal gland 

B.   Mammillary body

C.   Anterior nucleus 

D.   Habenular nucleus

A.   pons.

B.   thalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   epithalamus.

A.   Cerebral nuclei

B.   Arcuate nuclei 

C.   Substantia nigra 

D.   Red nuclei 

A.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

B.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

C.   visual reflexes, pons 

D.   blood pressure, pons 

A.   Pons

B.   Medulla oblongata

C.   Cerebrum 

D.   Cerebellum

A.   medulla oblongata 

B.   cerebellum 

C.   hypothalamus 

D.   limbic system