A.   collect information.

B.   initiate responses to information.

C.   conduct impulses to muscles.

D.   process information.

A.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D.    Involuntary control of the heart 

A.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

B.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

D.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

A.   Within the cell body 

B.   At the ends of dendrites 

C.   Along axon collaterals 

D.   At the tips of telodendria 

A.   interneurons.

B.   sensory neurons.

C.   bipolar neurons.

D.   motor neurons.

A.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

C.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

D.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

B.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

C.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

D.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

A.   oligodendrocyte.

B.   astrocyte.

C.   microglial cell.

D.   ependymal cell.

A.   ependymal cell.

B.   satellite cell.

C.   neurolemmocyte.

D.   astrocyte.

A.   contains a single axon.

B.   is found only in the CNS.

C.   carries information only toward the PNS.

D.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

A.   simple squamous epithelium.

B.   dense irregular connective tissue.

C.   areolar connective tissue.

D.   dense regular connective tissue.

A.   endosteum.

B.   epineurium.

C.   endoneurium.

D.   perineurium.

A.    transmissive

B.    initial 

C.   receptive 

D.   conductive 

A.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

B.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

C.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

D.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

A.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

B.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

C.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

D.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

A.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

A.   more positive.

B.   more negative.

C.    the same.

D.   0 mV.

A.   mechanically gated channels.

B.   voltage-gated channels.

C.   sodium-potassium pumps.

D.   chemically gated channels.

A.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

C.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

A.   chemically, dendrite 

B.   chemically, axon

C.   voltage-, dendrite 

D.   voltage-, axon 

A.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

B.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

C.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

D.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

B.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

D.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

D.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A.   Relative refractory period 

B.   Absolute refractory period 

A.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

B.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

C.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

A.   myelinated, small

B.   unmyelinated, large 

C.   myelinated, large 

D.   unmyelinated, small 

A.   neurofibril nodes.

B.   myelinated regions.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

B.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A.   mesoderm.

B.   endoderm.

C.   ectoderm.

A.   a, c, b

B.   b, c, a

C.   a, b, c

D.   b, a, c

A.   Arachnoid

B.   Pia mater 

C.   Dura mater

D.   Subdural layer

A.   fourth

B.   third 

C.   lateral 

D.   median 

A.   interventricular foramen.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   mesencephalic aqueduct

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

C.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

D.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A.   arachnoid granulation.

B.   arachnoid villi.

C.   choroid plexus.

D.   septum pellucidum.

A.   arachnoid villi.

B.   the median aperture.

C.   microglia.

D.   astrocytes.

A.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A.   hypothalamus.

B.   cerebellum.

C.   pons.

D.   cerebrum.

A.   cerebral gyri.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   cerebral sulci.

D.   corpus callosum.

A.   verbal communication.

B.   smell.

C.   vision.

D.   hearing.

A.   sound, cerebellum

B.   taste, insula 

C.   taste, frontal lobe

D.   smell, parietal lobe

A.   Habenular nucleus

B.   Mammillary body

C.   Anterior nucleus 

D.   Pineal gland 

A.   epithalamus.

B.   thalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   pons.

A.   Substantia nigra 

B.   Cerebral nuclei

C.   Arcuate nuclei 

D.   Red nuclei 

A.   visual reflexes, pons 

B.   blood pressure, pons 

C.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A.   Pons

B.   Medulla oblongata

C.   Cerebrum 

D.   Cerebellum

A.   hypothalamus 

B.   medulla oblongata 

C.   cerebellum 

D.   limbic system