A.   collect information.

B.   initiate responses to information.

C.   conduct impulses to muscles.

D.   process information.

A.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

B.    Involuntary control of the heart 

C.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

B.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

A.   At the tips of telodendria 

B.   At the ends of dendrites 

C.   Along axon collaterals 

D.   Within the cell body 

A.   sensory neurons.

B.   bipolar neurons.

C.   motor neurons.

D.   interneurons.

A.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

C.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

B.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

C.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

B.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

C.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

D.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

A.   microglial cell.

B.   ependymal cell.

C.   astrocyte.

D.   oligodendrocyte.

A.   neurolemmocyte.

B.   ependymal cell.

C.   satellite cell.

D.   astrocyte.

A.   contains a single axon.

B.   is found only in the CNS.

C.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

D.   carries information only toward the PNS.

A.   dense irregular connective tissue.

B.   dense regular connective tissue.

C.   areolar connective tissue.

D.   simple squamous epithelium.

A.   endoneurium.

B.   perineurium.

C.   epineurium.

D.   endosteum.

A.   receptive 

B.    initial 

C.    transmissive

D.   conductive 

A.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

B.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

C.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

D.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

A.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

B.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

C.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

B.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

C.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

D.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

A.    the same.

B.   more positive.

C.   0 mV.

D.   more negative.

A.   mechanically gated channels.

B.   sodium-potassium pumps.

C.   chemically gated channels.

D.   voltage-gated channels.

A.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

B.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

C.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

A.   voltage-, dendrite 

B.   chemically, axon

C.   voltage-, axon 

D.   chemically, dendrite 

A.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

D.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

A.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

B.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

C.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

D.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

A.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

B.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

C.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

A.   Relative refractory period 

B.   Absolute refractory period 

A.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

B.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

A.   myelinated, small

B.   unmyelinated, small 

C.   unmyelinated, large 

D.   myelinated, large 

A.   myelinated regions.

B.   neurofibril nodes.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A.   endoderm.

B.   ectoderm.

C.   mesoderm.

A.   b, c, a

B.   a, c, b

C.   b, a, c

D.   a, b, c

A.   Dura mater

B.   Pia mater 

C.   Subdural layer

D.   Arachnoid

A.   median 

B.   third 

C.   fourth

D.   lateral 

A.   interventricular foramen.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   central canal.

D.   mesencephalic aqueduct

A.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

C.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

D.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

A.   choroid plexus.

B.   arachnoid granulation.

C.   arachnoid villi.

D.   septum pellucidum.

A.   arachnoid villi.

B.   microglia.

C.   astrocytes.

D.   the median aperture.

A.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

B.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

D.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

A.   hypothalamus.

B.   pons.

C.   cerebrum.

D.   cerebellum.

A.   cerebral gyri.

B.   cerebral sulci.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   corpus callosum.

A.   vision.

B.   smell.

C.   verbal communication.

D.   hearing.

A.   smell, parietal lobe

B.   sound, cerebellum

C.   taste, frontal lobe

D.   taste, insula 

A.   Habenular nucleus

B.   Mammillary body

C.   Pineal gland 

D.   Anterior nucleus 

A.   thalamus.

B.   epithalamus.

C.   pons.

D.   hypothalamus.

A.   Red nuclei 

B.   Arcuate nuclei 

C.   Cerebral nuclei

D.   Substantia nigra 

A.   visual reflexes, pons 

B.   blood pressure, pons 

C.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

A.   Pons

B.   Cerebrum 

C.   Cerebellum

D.   Medulla oblongata

A.   cerebellum 

B.   hypothalamus 

C.   medulla oblongata 

D.   limbic system