A.   collect information.

B.   initiate responses to information.

C.   process information.

D.   conduct impulses to muscles.

A.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

B.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

C.    Involuntary control of the heart 

D.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

A.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

B.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A.   At the ends of dendrites 

B.   Along axon collaterals 

C.   Within the cell body 

D.   At the tips of telodendria 

A.   interneurons.

B.   bipolar neurons.

C.   sensory neurons.

D.   motor neurons.

A.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

B.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

C.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

D.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

C.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

D.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

A.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

B.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

C.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

D.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

A.   oligodendrocyte.

B.   ependymal cell.

C.   microglial cell.

D.   astrocyte.

A.   ependymal cell.

B.   astrocyte.

C.   neurolemmocyte.

D.   satellite cell.

A.   contains a single axon.

B.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

C.   is found only in the CNS.

D.   carries information only toward the PNS.

A.   simple squamous epithelium.

B.   dense regular connective tissue.

C.   dense irregular connective tissue.

D.   areolar connective tissue.

A.   endoneurium.

B.   perineurium.

C.   epineurium.

D.   endosteum.

A.    initial 

B.   receptive 

C.    transmissive

D.   conductive 

A.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

B.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

C.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

D.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

A.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

C.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

D.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

A.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

B.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

C.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

D.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

A.   0 mV.

B.   more negative.

C.    the same.

D.   more positive.

A.   sodium-potassium pumps.

B.   mechanically gated channels.

C.   chemically gated channels.

D.   voltage-gated channels.

A.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

C.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

D.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

A.   chemically, dendrite 

B.   chemically, axon

C.   voltage-, axon 

D.   voltage-, dendrite 

A.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

C.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

D.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

A.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

C.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

D.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

A.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

B.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

C.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

D.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

D.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

A.   Relative refractory period 

B.   Absolute refractory period 

A.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

B.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

C.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

D.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

A.   unmyelinated, large 

B.   myelinated, large 

C.   unmyelinated, small 

D.   myelinated, small

A.   neurofibril nodes.

B.   myelinated regions.

A.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

D.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

A.   ectoderm.

B.   mesoderm.

C.   endoderm.

A.   a, b, c

B.   b, a, c

C.   a, c, b

D.   b, c, a

A.   Arachnoid

B.   Subdural layer

C.   Pia mater 

D.   Dura mater

A.   fourth

B.   median 

C.   lateral 

D.   third 

A.   mesencephalic aqueduct

B.   interventricular foramen.

C.   septum pellucidum.

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

B.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

D.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A.   arachnoid granulation.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   choroid plexus.

D.   arachnoid villi.

A.   arachnoid villi.

B.   microglia.

C.   astrocytes.

D.   the median aperture.

A.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

C.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

A.   pons.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   cerebellum.

D.   cerebrum.

A.   corpus callosum.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   cerebral sulci.

D.   cerebral gyri.

A.   vision.

B.   smell.

C.   verbal communication.

D.   hearing.

A.   sound, cerebellum

B.   smell, parietal lobe

C.   taste, insula 

D.   taste, frontal lobe

A.   Anterior nucleus 

B.   Mammillary body

C.   Habenular nucleus

D.   Pineal gland 

A.   thalamus.

B.   epithalamus.

C.   hypothalamus.

D.   pons.

A.   Cerebral nuclei

B.   Substantia nigra 

C.   Arcuate nuclei 

D.   Red nuclei 

A.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

B.   visual reflexes, pons 

C.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D.   blood pressure, pons 

A.   Medulla oblongata

B.   Cerebrum 

C.   Cerebellum

D.   Pons

A.   hypothalamus 

B.   limbic system 

C.   medulla oblongata 

D.   cerebellum