A.   conduct impulses to muscles.

B.   collect information.

C.   process information.

D.   initiate responses to information.

A.    Involuntary control of the heart 

B.   Transmits impulses to muscles and glands 

C.   Transmits impulses from the viscera 

D.   Conducts impulses from the CNS 

A.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, all of which excite the cell's target.

B.   several types of neurotransmitters simultaneously, that all work to prevent another immediate impulse.

C.   a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target.

D.   a specific neurotransmitter that always excites its target.

A.   Along axon collaterals 

B.   Within the cell body 

C.   At the ends of dendrites 

D.   At the tips of telodendria 

A.   bipolar neurons.

B.   motor neurons.

C.   sensory neurons.

D.   interneurons.

A.   individual axons transmit both sensory and motor information.

B.   chemical synapses occur along with electrical synapses.

C.   astrocytes are interspersed with ependymal cells.

D.   some axons transmit sensory information and others transmit motor information.

A.   the presynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

B.   the presynaptic neuron's synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft.

C.   the postsynaptic neuron's dendrites into the synaptic cleft.

D.    the presynaptic neuron's soma into synaptic vesicles.

A.   Transmission at electrical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but chemical synapses are faster.

B.   Transmission at chemical synapses involves a brief synaptic delay, but electrical synapses are faster.

C.   Electrical synapses have a constant delay of 1 millisecond, but chemical synaptic delays vary between 0.1 and 0.3 millisecond.

D.   Transmission at both chemical and electrical synapses involves a synaptic delay of approximately 1 millisecond.

A.   oligodendrocyte.

B.   microglial cell.

C.   ependymal cell.

D.   astrocyte.

A.   ependymal cell.

B.   astrocyte.

C.   satellite cell.

D.   neurolemmocyte.

A.   is a cablelike bundle of parallel axons.

B.   carries information only toward the PNS.

C.   is found only in the CNS.

D.   contains a single axon.

A.   simple squamous epithelium.

B.   dense irregular connective tissue.

C.   areolar connective tissue.

D.   dense regular connective tissue.

A.   endoneurium.

B.   epineurium.

C.   endosteum.

D.   perineurium.

A.    initial 

B.   receptive 

C.   conductive 

D.    transmissive

A.   voltage-gated sodium channel.

B.   voltage-gated chloride channel.

C.   voltage-gated potassium channel.

D.   voltage-gated calcium channel.

A.   the difference in electrical charge between two areas.

B.   the combination of electrical and chemical gradients between two areas.

C.   the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

D.   the resistance a membrane has to allowing any charged chemical to pass through it.

A.   inversely related to both voltage and resistance.

B.   indirectly related to voltage and directly related to resistance.

C.   directly related to both voltage and resistance.

D.   directly related to voltage and inversely related to resistance.

A.    the same.

B.   0 mV.

C.   more negative.

D.   more positive.

A.   chemically gated channels.

B.   voltage-gated channels.

C.   sodium-potassium pumps.

D.   mechanically gated channels.

A.   travels the length of the nerve fiber (is long-distance).

B.   is all or none (always the same intensity).

C.   varies in size depending on the magnitude of the stimulus (larger voltage change for stronger stimulus).

D.   lasts for several seconds after ion channels have opened, closed, and reset.

A.   voltage-, dendrite 

B.   chemically, axon

C.   chemically, dendrite 

D.   voltage-, axon 

A.   EPSP, which is a depolarization.

B.   IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization.

C.   EPSP, which is a hyperpolarization

D.   IPSP, which is a depolarization.

A.   action potentials at the node of Ranvier.

B.   excitatory neurotransmitter molecules at a receptor.

C.   resting membrane potentials in a particular area of the brain.

D.   postsynaptic potentials at the initial segment.

A.   potassium enters, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

B.   potassium enters, depolarizing the cell to a positive value.

C.   potassium exits, depolarizing the cell to an even more negative value.

D.   potassium exits, repolarizing the cell to a negative value.

A.   open state of voltage-gated sodium channels.

B.   closure of voltage-gated potassium channels.

C.   closure of chemically gated sodium channels.

D.   open state of voltage-gated potassium channels.

A.   Relative refractory period 

B.   Absolute refractory period 

A.   calcium diffuses into the neuron and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis.

B.   calcium and neurotransmitter diffuse into the synaptic knob.

C.   calcium is pumped into the neuron and neurotransmitter diffuses out through channels.

D.   calcium is released from the neuron along with neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles.

A.   myelinated, large 

B.   myelinated, small

C.   unmyelinated, small 

D.   unmyelinated, large 

A.   myelinated regions.

B.   neurofibril nodes.

A.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only under the myelin sheath.

B.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur only at neurofibril nodes.

C.   myelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

D.   unmyelinated axons, where action potentials occur continuously down the entire axon.

A.   mesoderm.

B.   endoderm.

C.   ectoderm.

A.   b, c, a

B.   a, b, c

C.   a, c, b

D.   b, a, c

A.   Dura mater

B.   Pia mater 

C.   Subdural layer

D.   Arachnoid

A.   third 

B.   median 

C.   lateral 

D.   fourth

A.   septum pellucidum.

B.   interventricular foramen.

C.   mesencephalic aqueduct

D.   central canal.

A.   CSF helps to reduce the effective weight of the brain. 

B.   CSF transports nutrients and chemicals to the brain.

C.   CSF helps to promote mitosis within neuronal tissue.

D.   CSF helps to remove waste products from the brain.

A.   arachnoid villi.

B.   septum pellucidum.

C.   choroid plexus.

D.   arachnoid granulation.

A.   the median aperture.

B.   microglia.

C.   astrocytes.

D.   arachnoid villi.

A.   microglial extensions and capillary endothelial cells.

B.   astrocyte perivascular feet and capillary endothelial cells.

C.   ependymal cells and venous blood vessels.

D.   astrocyte extensions and dural sinuses.

A.   cerebrum.

B.   hypothalamus.

C.   pons.

D.   cerebellum.

A.   corpus callosum.

B.   cerebral gyri.

C.   cerebral sulci.

D.   hypothalamus.

A.   verbal communication.

B.   vision.

C.   hearing.

D.   smell.

A.   taste, frontal lobe

B.   taste, insula 

C.   sound, cerebellum

D.   smell, parietal lobe

A.   Habenular nucleus

B.   Mammillary body

C.   Pineal gland 

D.   Anterior nucleus 

A.   hypothalamus.

B.   epithalamus.

C.   thalamus.

D.   pons.

A.   Arcuate nuclei 

B.   Cerebral nuclei

C.   Substantia nigra 

D.   Red nuclei 

A.   voluntary movement, frontal lobe

B.   blood pressure, pons 

C.   blood pressure, medulla oblongata.

D.   visual reflexes, pons 

A.   Cerebellum

B.   Pons

C.   Medulla oblongata

D.   Cerebrum 

A.   hypothalamus 

B.   limbic system 

C.   cerebellum 

D.   medulla oblongata