Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Midterm Exam
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Question #1
In biomolecular reduction, polymers are broken down into monomers through ___ reactions.
A.
Hydrolysis
B.
Dehydration
C.
Water
D.
Reduction
Question #2
Which site on the ribosome does the new tRNA go to bring in the next amino acid?
A.
Promoter
B.
Stop codon
C.
A site
D.
P site
E.
Start codon
Question #3
Which type of molecular transport requires molecules to move against their concentration gradient?
A.
Active
B.
Passive
C.
Active and Passive
Question #4
The part of a negative feedback system that carries sensory information is called the ________.
A.
Effector
B.
Efferent Pathway
C.
Central Processor
D.
Afferent Pathway
E.
Sensor
Question #5
Enzymes act on other molecules called substrates at the ______________ of the enzyme.
A.
Energy Site
B.
Reaction Site
C.
Active Site
D.
Doorway
E.
ATP Site
Question #6
The monomers for Proteins are ________.
A.
Proteins
B.
Nucleotides
C.
Monosaccharides
D.
Amino Acids
E.
Fatty Acids
Question #7
The Krebs Cycle alone produces ________molecules of ATP.
A.
2
B.
28
C.
3
D.
1
E.
34
Question #8
When molecules are sharing electrons in an unequal fashion, we refer to those molecules as being __________.
A.
Non-Polar
B.
Polar
Question #9
The rate of diffusion can be affected by Temperature.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #10
When we breathe we breathe in oxygen. The oxygen that we breathe in is used in the process of ATP Synthesis. Specifically, the oxygen is used as an acceptor of H+ which caused the formation of _____________ which is an end product in the process of cellular respiration.
A.
Na+
B.
OH-
C.
CO2
D.
H2O
E.
H+
Question #11
Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen, which is why water is a polar molecule.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #12
During the elongation phase of transcription, RNA polymerase creates a DNA molecule by bringing in nucleotides that have bases complimentary to the gene sequence on the DNA molecule.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #13
The plasma membrane of a cell is selective about which molecules can or cannot go in or out of the cell.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #14
The Complementarity of Structure and Function says that “function follows form”.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #15
A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is higher than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.
A.
Endergonic
B.
Exergonic
Question #16
What contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio?
A.
Element
B.
Molecule
C.
Trace Element
D.
Atom
E.
Compound
Question #17
As the pH of a solution increases, the concentration of H+ ____.
A.
Increases
B.
Decreases
Question #18
If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the amino acids would be:
A.
Gly-Gln-Cys-Thr
B.
Asp-Ala-Cys-Ser
C.
D.
Val-Ile-Pro-Arg
E.
Leu-Ser-Gln-Gly
Question #19
What is the type of molecular transport in which molecules move “down” their concentration gradient?
A.
Active and Passive
B.
Active
C.
Passive
Question #20
Where in the cell does Glycolysis occur?
A.
Cytosol
B.
Nucleus
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Mitochondria
Question #21
ATP is made up of three positively charged phosphate groups.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #22
When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that receives an electron will become a compound.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #23
Where in the cell does the Electron Transport System occur?
A.
Cytosol
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Nucleus
Question #24
A/An _______bond is formed when molecules transfer their electrons.
A.
Ionic
B.
Covalent
Question #25
Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is considered Active Transport.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #26
If living cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.
A.
Out of : shrink
B.
Into: swell and burst
Question #27
Homeostasis maintains __________stability.
A.
External
B.
Internal
Question #28
Enzymes work by raising the activation energy required to start reactions.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #29
In biomolecular synthesis, monomers are linked to form polymers through ___reactions.
A.
Water
B.
Dehydration
C.
Reduction
D.
Hydrolysis
Question #30
Glycolysis is the process in which ________________ is broken down to pyruvic acid in order to make ATP and NADH.
A.
Acetyl-CoA
B.
Proteins
C.
Glucose
D.
Fats
Question #31
The monomers for Lipids are _______.
A.
Monosaccharides
B.
Proteins
C.
Amino acids
D.
Nucleotides
E.
Fatty acids
Question #32
The type of transport across the plasma membrane that requires input of energy is called Passive Transport.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #33
The part of a negative feedback system that processes information and makes decisions is called the ________.
A.
Sensor
B.
Central Processor
C.
Effector
D.
Afferent pathway
E.
Efferent Pathway
Question #34
A/An _________bond is formed when molecules share their electrons.
A.
Covalent
B.
Ionic
Question #35
NADH and FADH2 are used to create a gradient of _________ which then diffuses through the ATP synthase pump to help create ATP.
A.
CO2
B.
Na+
C.
H+
D.
H2O
E.
OH-
Question #36
Which of the following is/are necessary functions for living organisms?
A.
Watching television
B.
Being able to get rid of waste products
C.
Talking on a cell phone
D.
Zooming
Question #37
If living cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move ___________cells and cause the cells to ___________.
A.
Into: swell and burst
B.
Out of : shrink
Question #38
If the sequence of bases on a strand of mRNA is UUAAGCCAAGGG, then the sequence of the bases on the strand of DNA it was transcribed from is:
A.
AATUCGGTTCCC
B.
AAUUCGGUUCCC
C.
TTUUCGGUUCCC
D.
AATTCGGTTCCC
Question #39
The part of a negative feedback system that detects when homeostasis is out of balance is called the ________.
A.
Central Processor
B.
Sensor
C.
Afferent Pathway
D.
Effector
E.
Efferent Pathway
Question #40
Where in the cell does the Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle occur?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Cytosol
D.
Nucleus
Question #41
When energy is initially being used in a system, there is a tendency for disorder in that system to increase.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #42
Homeostatic mechanisms can work through positive feedback systems.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #43
The process by which DNA is made from DNA is called _____________________.
A.
Replication
B.
DNA polymerase
C.
Transcription
D.
RNA Polymerase
E.
Translation
Question #44
NADH and FADH2 are considered low energy carrier molecules.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #45
The study of the Structure of the human body is called:
A.
Anatomy
B.
Physiology
C.
Question #46
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #47
In order to begin transcription, an RNA polymerase needs to locate a special sequence on the DNA called the __________.
A.
Intron
B.
Stop codon
C.
Promoter
D.
Exon
E.
Start codon
Question #48
A.
tRNA
B.
Amino Acid
C.
DNA
D.
Fatty Acid
E.
mRNA
Question #49
A reaction in which the net energy contained in the bond of the products is lower than the net energy contained in the bonds of the reactants is considered _____________.
A.
Exergonic
B.
Endergonic
Question #50
Negative feedback is considered to be important in maintaining homeostasis.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #51
Osmosis is the filtration of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #52
The process by which RNA is made from DNA is called ______________________.
A.
Replication
B.
RNA Polymerase
C.
Translation
D.
Transcription
E.
DNA Polymerase
Question #53
The universal solvent is ______.
A.
Water
B.
Alcohol
C.
Base
D.
Acid
E.
Fat
Question #54
Which Law of Thermodynamics involves maintaining order in a system?
A.
First Law
B.
Second Law
Question #55
One reason for having biological membranes is that they allow compartmentation to exist in the body
A.
False
B.
True
Question #56
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #57
The process by which Proteins are made from RNA is called __________________.
A.
DNA Polymerase
B.
Translation
C.
Replication
D.
Transcription
Question #58
The part of a negative feedback system that brings homeostasis back into balance is called the ________.
A.
Central Processor
B.
Effector
C.
Afferent Pathway
D.
Efferent Pathway
E.
Sensor
Question #59
H+ passes through ATP Synthase actively.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #60
The monomers for carbohydrates are________.
A.
Fatty Acids
B.
Proteins
C.
Monosaccharides
D.
Amino Acids
E.
Nucleotides
Question #61
A solution that has mostly H+ present is thought to be _______.
A.
Acidic
B.
Basic
Question #62
ATP is formed by bonding together three negatively charged phosphate molecules and a guanosine molecule.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #63
When transferring an electron, the neutral atom that gives up an electron will become an anion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #64
The movement of molecules in an Active Transport situation will require both Energy and movement of the molecules down their concentration gradient.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #65
If a molecule of nucleic acid has an OH at the 2nd carbon on the sugar molecule, that nucleic acid is ______.
A.
GNA
B.
CNA
C.
RNA
D.
DNA
Question #66
The concentration of solute outside of the cells drives the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #67
The Electron Transport System alone produces approximately ________molecules of ATP.
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
28
E.
8
Question #68
Having an appropriate atmospheric pressure is not a survival need of the body.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #69
Simple Diffusion is a type of facilitated transport.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #70
Once enzymes help speed up a reaction, the enzyme is used up and cannot be used again.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #71
The process of using DNA to create an RNA message is called____________________.
A.
Translation
B.
Transcription
C.
Replication
D.
Phosphorylation
Question #72
The larger the molecule, the slower the rate of diffusion.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #73
Glycolysis uses ________molecules of ATP.
A.
4
B.
1
C.
2
D.
32
E.
28
Question #74
Neurons have a low metabolic rate.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #75
In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky potassium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -90 mV reading.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #76
Actin does not require the binding of ATP in order to expose its binding sites.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #77
Broca’s Area is considered the sensory speech area.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #78
The glial cell that helps to form the blood-brain barrier is called a(an) Astrocyte.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #79
The presence of leaky channels allow the resting cell membrane potential to be maintained.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #80
When skeletal muscle contracts, the distance between z lines/discs ____________.
A.
Decreases
B.
Increases
Question #81
The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and travels into the central canal.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #82
Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -70mV to -90mV) is called Hyperpolarization.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #83
____________ are more abundant outside of the cell.
A.
Potassium
B.
Sodium
Question #84
The number of motor units that need to be recruited is directly proportional to the amount or level of work the muscle needs to accomplish.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #85
The only way an Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP) can be generated is to open Chloride channels.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #86
The Resting Membrane Potential is the value of the voltage across the plasma membrane where the inside of the cell is more positive and the outside of the cell is more negative.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #87
Neurons release _____________from the axon terminus in order to locally depolarize the postsynaptic membrane of skeletal muscles (sarcolemma).
A.
GABA
B.
Acetylcholine
C.
Epinephrine
D.
Glutamate
E.
Norepinephrine
Question #88
The thalamus would receive sensory information from all of the following except _______.
A.
Touch
B.
Olfactory
C.
Vision
D.
Taste
E.
Auditory
Question #89
The purpose of myelination is to decrease the rate of action potential propagation along the axon.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #90
The concentration of chloride ions is greater outside of the cell.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #91
Tropomyosin regulates Troponin in skeletal muscle.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #92
The CSF exits the subarachnoid space through the arachnoid villi and then travels into the central canal.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #93
The glial cell in the PNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Oligodendrocyte.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #94
Myelin speeds up the conduction rate of the action potential.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #95
The structures that maintain the Resting Membrane Potential are the ________________.
A.
Chemically gated ion Channels
B.
Leaky potassium Channels
C.
Sodium/Potassium Pumps
D.
Leaky sodium Channels
Question #96
Cross bridges are formed between actin and myosin in smooth muscle.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #97
Which of the following is sometimes a component of a reflex arc?
A.
Sensory receptor
B.
Efferent Neuron
C.
Interneuron
D.
Effector
E.
Afferent Neuron
Question #98
An additional action potential can be initiated in the same position on the axon once the sodium channels open and the potassium channels close?
A.
True
B.
False
Question #99
When neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft, the neurotransmitter activates aquaporin channels on the presynaptic membrane.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #100
When ATP is attached to the myosin head, muscle cross bridges are ___________.
A.
Assembled
B.
Disassembled
Question #101
The glial cell in the CNS that provides myelination of axons is called a(an) Schwann Cell.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #102
When an action potential gets to the axon terminus, ligand-gated calcium ion channels open.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #103
In creating the Resting Membrane Potential, the leaky sodium channels make the electrical reading across the membrane a -55 mV reading.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #104
The cerebral spinal fluid flows through the _________when flowing from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle.
A.
Interventricular foramen
B.
Cerebral Aqueduct
C.
Lateral or Median apertures
D.
Central Canal
Question #105
In order for the calcium ions to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum, mechanical gates for Ca2+ on the sarcoplasmic reticulum have to be pushed open.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #106
When a muscle experiences Fatigue, the muscle is unable to respond to any further signals from the nervous system.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #107
When ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head, a power stroke occurs.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #108
The relaxation period on a myogram represents decreasing muscle tension and the reentry of chloride ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #109
The channels that open up on the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction allow the passage of _______________ ions.
A.
Potassium
B.
Chloride
C.
Sodium
D.
Sodium and Potassium
Question #110
Making the inside of a cell more positive (ex: from -70mV to -50mV) is called Depolarization
A.
True
B.
False
Question #111
After the initial local depolarization wave of the postsynaptic membrane at the neuromuscular junction, Voltage gated sodium ion channels are activated on the sarcolemma.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #112
Hyperpolarizing graded potentials cannot be added together to cause the resting membrane potential to reach threshold and thus cause an action potential.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #113
The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases __________ in order to regulate muscle contraction.
A.
Calcium
B.
Chloride
C.
Hydrogen
D.
Potassium
E.
Sodium
Question #114
The glial cells that help in the formation of the blood-brain barrier are called Ependymal Cells.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #115
When ATP is hydrolyzed, cross bridges are _____________.
A.
Assembled
B.
Disassembled
Question #116
____________ are more abundant inside of the cell.
A.
Sodium
B.
Potassium
Question #117
In order for the ion channels to open on the sarcoplasmic reticulum, _________sensitive proteins have to be activated on the T-Tubules.
A.
Voltage
B.
Mechanical
C.
Ion
D.
Chemical
Question #118
Making the inside of a cell more negative (ex: from -55mV to -70mV) is called Repolarization.
A.
True
B.
False
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