Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Fall 2022 » Lecture Exam 4
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Question #1
What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex? a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS b: A stimulus activates a receptor c: Information is processed by interneurons d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector e: Effector responds
A.
c, a, b, d, e
B.
b, d, c, a, e
C.
b, a, c, d, e
D.
c, b, a, e, d
E.
a, b, c, d, e
Question #2
In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervate muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #3
The lumbar region of the spinal cord is closest to the lumbar vertebrae of the vertebral column.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #4
The nerve that innervates the deltoid muscle and receives sensory input from the superolateral lateral arm is the
A.
median nerve.
B.
C.
radial nerve.
D.
axillary nerve.
E.
musculocutaneous nerve.
F.
ulnar nerve.
Question #5
The large section of spinal white matter that is found between the posterior gray horns is known as the posterior
A.
decussation.
B.
commissure.
C.
peduncle.
D.
funiculus.
Question #6
The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus
A.
medullaris.
B.
sacralis.
C.
caudalis.
D.
equine.
E.
finalis.
Question #7
A typical spinal cord in an adult is
A.
20–24 inches long.
B.
24–26 inches long.
C.
16–18 inches long.
D.
12–14 inches long.
E.
8–10 inches long.
Question #8
In both the anterolateral pathway and the posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway, the axons of the ________ neurons decussate in the CNS.
A.
quaternary
B.
primary
C.
secondary
D.
tertiary
Question #9
In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #10
The fasciculus cuneatus is part of the
A.
posterior funiculus–medial lemniscal pathway.
B.
lateral spinothalamic tract.
C.
anterolateral pathway.
D.
fasciculus gracilis.
E.
spinocerebellar pathway.
Question #11
Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _____ reflex.
A.
withdrawal
B.
tendon
C.
pain
D.
motor
E.
stretch
Question #12
What is the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx?
A.
Terminus coccyx
B.
Filum terminale
C.
Cervical enlargement
D.
Conus medullaris
E.
Coccygeal tendon
Question #13
Because most pathways decussate, each side of the brain processes information from the _________ side of the body.
A.
contralateral
B.
ipsilateral
Question #14
The subdural space is the region between the arachnoid mater and the dura mater.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #15
Which accurately describes sensory and motor pathways?
A.
Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the brain.
B.
Sensory pathways terminate in the brain, and motor pathways terminate at effectors.
C.
Both sensory and motor pathways terminate in the PNS.
D.
Sensory pathways terminate at effectors and motor pathways terminate in the brain.
Question #16
Motor pathways are _________ tracts that control _________.
A.
descending; affectors
B.
ascending; effectors
C.
ascending; affectors
D.
descending; effectors
Question #17
The obturator nerve innervates muscles of the lateral thigh.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #18
This nerve helps to plant the foot and receives sensory signals from the skin of the sole.
A.
Femoral nerve
B.
Genitofemoral nerve
C.
Deep fibular nerve
D.
Tibial nerve
E.
Obturator nerve
Question #19
The cell bodies of lower motor neurons are housed in the posterior horns of the spinal cord.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #20
Information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by
A.
viscerosensory pathways.
B.
somatosensory pathways.
C.
visceromotor pathways.
D.
somatomotor pathways.
Question #21
Sensory impulses traveling through the posterior root will reach the _______ upon entering the spinal cord.
A.
posterior horn
B.
posterior root ganglion
C.
central commissure
D.
anterior horn
Question #22
A reflex arc in which both the receptor and the effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is
A.
ipsilateral.
B.
contralateral.
C.
monosynaptic.
D.
polysynaptic.
Question #23
The direct motor pathway originates in the
A.
superior colliculus of the midbrain.
B.
reticular formation of the brainstem.
C.
vestibular nuclei of the brainstem.
D.
motor cortex of the cerebral cortex.
Question #24
Nerve plexuses are networks of interweaving posterior rami of spinal nerves.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #25
The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _____ reflex.
A.
multisynaptic
B.
monosynaptic
C.
ipsilateral
D.
contralateral
E.
crossed-extensor
Question #26
The superior mesenteric ganglion of the sympathetic branch of the ANS is adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #27
The sympathetic trunks are located
A.
in the craniosacral regions.
B.
immediately lateral to the vertebral column.
C.
lateral to prevertebral ganglia.
D.
inferior to the sacral plexus.
E.
superior to the brachial plexus.
Question #28
Postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS cause increased secretion by the lacrimal (tear) glands.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #29
Gray rami from the sympathetic trunk connect to
A.
all spinal nerves.
B.
alternating spinal nerves.
C.
the sympathetic trunk
D.
the cranial nerves.
Question #30
Which is not an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
A.
Skeletal muscle
B.
Cardiac muscle
C.
Smooth muscle
D.
Glands
Question #31
Postganglionic sympathetic axons are carried from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerve by the
A.
pterygopalatine ganglion.
B.
superior cervical ganglion.
C.
white rami communicantes.
D.
splanchnic nerves.
E.
gray rami communicantes.
Question #32
Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter
A.
epinephrine.
B.
acetylcholine.
C.
norepinephrine.
Question #33
Autonomic tone allows for a single division of the autonomic nervous system to control an organ by changing that division's activity levels up or down from baseline.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #34
The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the
A.
sublingual salivary gland.
B.
ciliary muscle.
C.
lacrimal gland.
D.
parotid salivary gland.
E.
large intestine.
Question #35
The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
A.
contain autonomic ganglia to house ganglionic neurons.
B.
are composed of PNS structures only.
C.
use preganglionic and postganglionic neurons to innervate skeletal muscle.
D.
function only during sleep.
E.
are voluntary.
Question #36
The arrector pili muscles receive their sympathetic innervation via the
A.
splanchnic nerve pathway.
B.
postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway.
C.
adrenal medulla pathway.
D.
spinal nerve pathway.
E.
None of the choices is correct.
Question #37
A.
Somatic
B.
Parasympathetic
C.
Sympathetic
Question #38
Which system contains short preganglionic axons that branch extensively?
A.
Parasympathetic nervous system
B.
Sympathetic nervous system
C.
Somatic nervous system
Question #39
The autonomic nervous system may receive input from visceral sensory neurons.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #40
The sympathetic division of the ANS has
A.
norepinephrine as neurotransmitter.
B.
preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1–L2 regions of the spinal cord.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
long postganglionic axons.
Question #41
Paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia are part of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #42
Which autonomic plexus consists of postganglionic sympathetic axons that come off the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as preganglionic axons from the vagus nerve?
A.
Abdominal aortic plexus
B.
Hypogastric plexus
C.
Cardiac plexus
D.
Pulmonary plexus
E.
Esophageal plexus
Question #43
Parasympathetic activity is responsible for increased smooth muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract organs.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #44
The micturition reflex results in
A.
vigorous contraction of the smooth muscle of the large intestine and relaxation of anal sphincters.
B.
contraction of smooth muscle in the bladder and relaxation of urinary sphincters.
C.
retention of urine and feces by relaxing some muscles and contracting others.
D.
a decrease in blood pressure due to a slowing of heart rate.
Question #45
Dual innervation means that an individual effector
A.
receives input from both the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems.
B.
receives two autonomic axons on each smooth muscle cell.
C.
may be excited or inhibited by a single division of the autonomic nervous system.
D.
receives input from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.
Question #46
A.
True
B.
False
Question #47
A structure that is said to resemble a pearl necklace is a
A.
parasympathetic ganglion.
B.
splanchnic ganglion.
C.
parasympathetic trunk.
D.
sympathetic trunk.
Question #48
Specific prevertebral ganglia are named after the
A.
vertebra from under which the preganglionic axon travels.
B.
distance from the corresponding parasympathetic ganglion.
C.
early anatomist who discovered and described them.
D.
major abdominal arteries around which they are found.
E.
effector organ stimulated by the postganglionic axon.
Question #49
Postganglionic axons from the celiac ganglion innervate the
A.
spleen.
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
stomach.
D.
gallbladder.
E.
liver.
Question #50
Sweat glands and arrector pili muscles are controlled
A.
by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
B.
only by the sympathetic nervous system.
C.
only by the parasympathetic nervous system.
D.
by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
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