California State University, Northridge » Philosophy » Philosophy 305 - Business Ethics » Fall 2022

Philosophy 305 - Business Ethics » Fall 2022 » Chapter 11 Job Discrimination

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Question #1

Which of the following statements is accurate?

A. The Supreme Court has established a hard and fast line between permissible and impermissible affirmative action plans.

B. According to current federal law, men cannot be victims of sexual harassment.

C. Current federal law treats sexual harassment as a form of sexual discrimination.

Question #2

Which of the following is the most plausible argument FOR affirmative action?

A. It is necessary to break the cycle that keeps minorities and women locked into low-paying, low-prestige jobs.

B. It evens the score with young white men, who have had it good for too long.

C. It is a color-blind policy.

D. It ignores the principle of equality.

Question #3

Affirmative action is synonymous with reverse discrimination.

A. False

B. True

Question #4

Kantians would not repudiate job discrimination even if doing so is necessary to respect people as ends in themselves.

A. True

B. False

Question #5

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (later amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972) prohibits all forms of discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

A. False

B. True

Question #6

How many sexual harassment complaints are filed with the EEOC or state and local authorities each year?

A. over 11,000

B. over 25,000

C. over 50,000

D. over 15,000

Question #7

Diversity in the workplace can be viewed as a competitive advantage.

A. False

B. True

Question #8

Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?

A. Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.

B. Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.

C. Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.

D. Affirmative action violates the principle of equality.

Question #9

In 1987, the Supreme Court affirmed, in the case of Johnson v. Transportation Agency, that

A. quotas based on considerations of race are unconstitutional.

B. racially segregated schooling is unconstitutional.

C. considerations of sex are permissible as one factor in deciding whom to promote.

D. affirmative action is unconstitutional.

Question #10

Catherine A. MacKinnon describes sexual harassment as sexual attention imposed on someone who is not in a position to refuse it.

A. True

B. False

Question #11

Which of the following is a clear example of sexual harassment?

A. A female employee hugging a co-worker when he announces his engagement.

B. A male employer suggesting sexual offers to a female employee.

C. A manager enforcing a dress code for a work environment.

Question #12

Many Americans oppose what kind of policy because they fear it will mean in practice, illegal quotas, preferential treatment of African Americans and women, and even reverse discrimination against white men?

A. sexual diversity

B. affirmative action

C. age discrimination

D. sexual harassment

Question #13

Male managers frequently assume that women

A. take negative feedback professionally rather than personally.

B. are too emotional to be good managers.

C. possess the necessary drive to succeed in business.

D. will not place family demands above work considerations.

Question #14

The 1984 Supreme Court decision in Memphis Firefighters v. Stotts

A. upheld the legality of hiring quotas.

B. upheld seniority over affirmative action.

C. treated sexual harassment as a form of discrimination.

D. upheld the legality of mandatory drug testing.

Question #15

"Affirmative action" programs can be defined as programs that take the race or sex of employees or job candidates into account as part of an effort to correct imbalances in employment that exist as a result of past discrimination, either in the company itself or in the larger society.

A. False

B. True

Question #16

One message that sexual harassment of women typically conveys is that managers view women as

A. assets.

B. high potentials.

C. equals.

D. playthings.

Question #17

Executive Order 10925 decreed that federal contractors should “make rigid quotas to ensure that applicants are employed without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.’’

A. False

B. True

Question #18

According to the authors of your textbook, which of the following is the most important step involved in affirmative action programs?

A. Firms are expected to survey current female and minority employment by department and job classification.

B. Firms should appoint an administrative assistant to direct and implement their program and to publicize their policy and affirmative action commitment.

C. Firms should prepare an oral equal-employment policy and an affirmative action commitment.

D. Whenever underrepresentation of females or minorities is evident, firms are to try a little harder.

Question #19

Which of the following is true based on documented evidence of discrimination?

A. Today, men are just as likely as women to be in so-called "pink collar" occupations.

B. African Americans have the third highest standard of living in the world.

C. There is little statistical evidence of job discrimination today.

D. Relatively few women and minorities have made it to the very top of their professions.

Question #20

Under current federal law, what are the two types of sexual harassment?

A. Male to female, female to male.

B. Boss to worker, worker to boss.

C. Male to male, female to female.

D. "Quid pro quo" and "hostile work environment."

Question #21

When investigators sent equally qualified young white and black men—all of them articulate and conventionally dressed—to apply for entry-level jobs in Chicago and Washington, D.C., the results clearly showed

A. sexual discrimination against young African-American men.

B. sexual discrimination against young white men.

C. racial discrimination against young African-American men.

D. racial discrimination against young white men.

Question #22

The 1995 case Adarand Constructors v. Pena shows that, after years of disagreement, the Supreme Court is now unanimous on the issue of affirmative action.

A. True

B. False

Question #23

Advocates of "comparable worth"

A. base their doctrine on the free-market determination of wages.

B. simply want equal pay for the same job.

C. believe it is necessary for getting rid of sexual harassment.

D. believe women and men should be paid on the same scale both for doing equivalent jobs, and for doing different jobs involving equivalent skill, effort, and responsibility.

Question #24

Which of these statements is true concerning court cases about discrimination to date?

A. the Bakke case outlawed affirmative action across the board

B. in the University of Michigan cases (Gratz and Grutter), the Supreme Court upheld moderate, flexible affirmative action programs

C. in the 2004 Holtz case, the Supreme Court ruled that "race-conscious" admissions policies are unconstitutional

D. Brown v. Board of Education upheld the principle of "separate but equal"

Question #25

The Supreme Court, in its 1978 ruling in the case of Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, upheld the University's right to reserve entrance places in its medical school for minorities.

A. True

B. False

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