Astronomy 120 - Stars and Galaxies » Fall 2022 » Unit 2 Quiz

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Question #1
A planet with orbital eccentricity e = 0.00 has
A.   a semimajor axis distance that is half as large as the semiminor axis distance.
B.   unrelated values for its semimajor and semiminor axis distances.
C.   a semimajor axis distance that is twice as large as the semiminor axis distance.
D.   equal values for its semimajor and semiminor axes.
Question #2
According to Johannes Kepler, it would be impossible to find a planet orbiting a star in a very eccentric orbit, with an eccentricity e = 0.92.
A.   True
B.   False
Question #3
A new exoplanetary system has recently been discovered, unofficially named "Freya" among amateur astronomers. Of the many exoplanets in this system, we look at the following three: Exoplanet Name/Surface Gravity (m/s2) Frigga / 7 Fralla /2 Froda / 10 On which exoplanet would you weigh the most (if you could physically travel there)?
A.   Fralla
B.   Froda
C.   Thor
D.   Frigga
Question #4
Tides are caused by
A.   tsumani
B.   Strong winds across the oceans
C.   The gravitation pull of the Moon on the Earth
D.   The gravitational pull of Mars on the Earth
Question #5
A golfer strikes the golf ball (mass m = 45.93 grams) off the tee with a force of 4195 N. How much acceleration does the golf ball obtain from this hit?
A.   913 m/s2
B.   9.13 x 104 m/s2
C.   9.13 x 103 m/s2
D.   91.33 m/s2
Question #6
A 4.00-mg sample is pushed with a force equal to 49 N. How quickly does it accelerate?
A.   2.3 x 106 m/s2
B.   1.23 x 107 m/s2
C.   123 m/s2
D.   12.3 m/s2
Question #7
If 7000 N of force is applied to a 6 kg object, how fast would it accelerate?
A.   =1000 m/s2
B.   42000 m/s2
C.   1167 kg x m/s2
D.   8.57 x 10-4 m/s2
Question #8
"The more massive object will experience less acceleration than a less massive object under the same force." This is a statement most closely associated with which of Newton's Laws of Motion?
A.   Newton's First Law
B.   Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
C.   Newton's Second Law
D.   Newton's Third Law
Question #9
"Once in motion, always in motion" can be used (albeit vaguely) in reference to which of Newton's Laws of Motion?
A.   Newton's Third Law
B.   Newton's First Law
C.   Newton's Second Law
D.   Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Question #10
A satellite, once it's out there in space, needs a constantly burn fuel to keep going (like a car on Earth).
A.   False
B.   True
Question #11
A rock, resting on a ledge in the mountains, is an example of
A.   An orbit
B.   Newton's second law of motion
C.   Newton's first law of motion
D.   Newton's third law of motion
Question #12
The Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way are slowly moving towards one another, through intergalactic space. Their mutual gravitational attractive force is therefore
A.   increasing
B.   they are so far away from each other, there is not gravitational attraction between the two galaxies
C.   decreasing
D.   there is no gravity in space
Question #13
Two objects, one of mass M and the other mass m, are held a distance r apart. If the distance between them is doubled, how is the gravitational force between the two masses affected?
A.   It becomes a quarter as strong as it was before.
B.   It remains unchanged.
C.   It becomes half as strong as it was before.
D.   It becomes twice as strong as it was before.
Question #14
The period of an asteroid orbiting approximately 3.0 AU from the Sun is
A.   27 years
B.   2.08 years
C.   9 years
D.   5.2 years
Question #15
The asteroid, "Itokawa" orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.3 A.U, while asteroid "Mathilde," which is twice as big as Itokawa, orbits at 2.6 A.U. Which asteroid will take longer to orbit the Sun, according to Kepler's third law of planetary motion?
A.   more information is required to answer this question accurately
B.   neither, both will take the same amount of time
C.   Itokawa
D.   Mathilde
Question #16
Two asteroids have orbits with an average distance of 2.3 AU from the Sun. One of these asteroids, named LK0702, has a circular orbit, and the other (SK1409) has an elliptical orbit. Which of the following is true of the orbital periods of both asteroids?
A.   SK1409 takes longer to orbit the Sun.
B.   the orbital periods cannot be compared without knowing the eccentricity of SK1409's orbit
C.   both asteroids orbit in the same amount of time.
D.   LK0207 takes longer to orbit the Sun.
Question #17
Kepler's second law states that
A.   that no planetary system can have a parent star at the center of its orbit.
B.   planetary orbits are ellipses with the Sun at one focus.
C.   the square of the planet's semimajor axis is equal to the cube of its orbital period.
D.   planets travel along their orbit with greater speeds when they are closer to their parent star than when they are further away.
Question #18
At aphelion, a planet moves
A.   at its fastest speed.
B.   in retrograde motion.
C.   at its slowest speed.
D.   at its average speed.
Question #19
You're driving on an empty highway when the cars in front of you come to a sudden screeching halt. You slam the brakes and feel your torso move forward in your seat before being held back by the tightening seatbelt. Which of Newton's Laws of Motion did you just experience?
A.   Newton's Third Law
B.   Newton's First Law
C.   Newton's Second Law
D.   Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Question #20
Say you are standing on the bus coming to school. If you are facing forward when the bus driver brakes quickly, you'll fall forward. From this, you can assume that the bus's
A.   speed remained constant, but the bus turned right.
B.   velocity decreased.
C.   velocity increased.
D.   speed remained constant, but the bus turned left.

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