A.   Groups are a very simple aspect of sociology; the definition makes them seem more academic.

B.   If all sociologists cannot agree on a definition of groups, then groups cannot exist.

C.   Having a shared definition helps in understanding the behavior of people in society.

D.   A shared definition allows sociologists from around the world to collaborate.

A.   five

B.   seven

C.   two

D.   one

A.   John’s parents and John

B.   All eighteen-year-olds

C.   A married couple

D.   Lori’s sociology class

A.   emergence of coalitions.

B.   likelihood of dyads to be stable.

C.   tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.

D.   predisposition for primary groups to be small

A.   a dyad is basically an unstable social grouping.

B.   adding a third person to a dyad has no effect on the stability of the group.

C.   a triad is an unstable social grouping, whereas dyads are relatively stable.

D.   the size of the group has no effect on interaction.

A.   Teachers

B.   Family

C.   Classmates

D.   Neighbors

A.   Triads; dyads

B.   Primary groups; secondary groups

C.   Categories; secondary groups

D.   Secondary groups; primary groups

A.   Identification with a social group can strongly influence self-esteem.

B.   The influence of a reference group may be positive or negative.

C.   One does not belong to a reference group.

D.   Reference groups always provide good role models.

A.   Reference groups; attribution groups

B.   Dyads; triads

C.   Primary groups; secondary groups

D.   In-groups; out-groups

A.   the opposite of an in-group.

B.   created by the existence of an in-group.

C.   always a secondary group.

D.   an attribute of society.

A.   most people would not bend to the opinions of others without a great deal of anger and argument.

B.   even rather gentle pressure was sufficient to cause an astonishing rise in the number of wrong answers.

C.   there is no real pressure to conform in most situations.

D.   the majority of people make up their minds for themselves and stick to those opinions.

A.   there is a significant difference between what people believe they will do and how they actually behave.

B.   people conform only up to a certain point but will not violate moral or ethical standards.

C.   women are less likely to engage in behavior that is potentially harmful for others than men are.

D.   people will not conform when they believe their behavior will harm another person.

A.   The students acting in the roles of prisoners and guards did not take the experiment seriously, so it was discontinued early.

B.   The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority.

C.   When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role.

D.   Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners.

A.   U.S. entry into World War II after the Pearl Harbor attack

B.   The Obama administration’s decision to reform health care

C.   Underestimation of the threat of terrorism prior to the 9/11 attacks

D.   The Johnson administration’s 1967 decision to start the War on Poverty

A.   An illusion of unanimity

B.   An illusion of invulnerability

C.   Allowing in outside expert opinion

D.   Discouragement of dissenting opinion