A.   A shared definition allows sociologists from around the world to collaborate.

B.   If all sociologists cannot agree on a definition of groups, then groups cannot exist.

C.   Groups are a very simple aspect of sociology; the definition makes them seem more academic.

D.   Having a shared definition helps in understanding the behavior of people in society.

A.   one

B.   two

C.   seven

D.   five

A.   All eighteen-year-olds

B.   A married couple

C.   Lori’s sociology class

D.   John’s parents and John

A.   likelihood of dyads to be stable.

B.   emergence of coalitions.

C.   predisposition for primary groups to be small

D.   tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.

A.   adding a third person to a dyad has no effect on the stability of the group.

B.   a dyad is basically an unstable social grouping.

C.   a triad is an unstable social grouping, whereas dyads are relatively stable.

D.   the size of the group has no effect on interaction.

A.   Teachers

B.   Classmates

C.   Family

D.   Neighbors

A.   Categories; secondary groups

B.   Primary groups; secondary groups

C.   Triads; dyads

D.   Secondary groups; primary groups

A.   Identification with a social group can strongly influence self-esteem.

B.   The influence of a reference group may be positive or negative.

C.   One does not belong to a reference group.

D.   Reference groups always provide good role models.

A.   Reference groups; attribution groups

B.   In-groups; out-groups

C.   Dyads; triads

D.   Primary groups; secondary groups

A.   the opposite of an in-group.

B.   created by the existence of an in-group.

C.   always a secondary group.

D.   an attribute of society.

A.   most people would not bend to the opinions of others without a great deal of anger and argument.

B.   even rather gentle pressure was sufficient to cause an astonishing rise in the number of wrong answers.

C.   the majority of people make up their minds for themselves and stick to those opinions.

D.   there is no real pressure to conform in most situations.

A.   people conform only up to a certain point but will not violate moral or ethical standards.

B.   there is a significant difference between what people believe they will do and how they actually behave.

C.   people will not conform when they believe their behavior will harm another person.

D.   women are less likely to engage in behavior that is potentially harmful for others than men are.

A.   When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role.

B.   Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners.

C.   The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority.

D.   The students acting in the roles of prisoners and guards did not take the experiment seriously, so it was discontinued early.

A.   The Obama administration’s decision to reform health care

B.   U.S. entry into World War II after the Pearl Harbor attack

C.   The Johnson administration’s 1967 decision to start the War on Poverty

D.   Underestimation of the threat of terrorism prior to the 9/11 attacks

A.   An illusion of invulnerability

B.   Discouragement of dissenting opinion

C.   An illusion of unanimity

D.   Allowing in outside expert opinion