A.   Having a shared definition helps in understanding the behavior of people in society.

B.   If all sociologists cannot agree on a definition of groups, then groups cannot exist.

C.   Groups are a very simple aspect of sociology; the definition makes them seem more academic.

D.   A shared definition allows sociologists from around the world to collaborate.

A.   five

B.   one

C.   two

D.   seven

A.   A married couple

B.   Lori’s sociology class

C.   John’s parents and John

D.   All eighteen-year-olds

A.   predisposition for primary groups to be small

B.   tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.

C.   emergence of coalitions.

D.   likelihood of dyads to be stable.

A.   a dyad is basically an unstable social grouping.

B.   a triad is an unstable social grouping, whereas dyads are relatively stable.

C.   adding a third person to a dyad has no effect on the stability of the group.

D.   the size of the group has no effect on interaction.

A.   Classmates

B.   Teachers

C.   Neighbors

D.   Family

A.   Categories; secondary groups

B.   Triads; dyads

C.   Secondary groups; primary groups

D.   Primary groups; secondary groups

A.   Reference groups always provide good role models.

B.   Identification with a social group can strongly influence self-esteem.

C.   The influence of a reference group may be positive or negative.

D.   One does not belong to a reference group.

A.   Reference groups; attribution groups

B.   Primary groups; secondary groups

C.   In-groups; out-groups

D.   Dyads; triads

A.   the opposite of an in-group.

B.   an attribute of society.

C.   always a secondary group.

D.   created by the existence of an in-group.

A.   even rather gentle pressure was sufficient to cause an astonishing rise in the number of wrong answers.

B.   the majority of people make up their minds for themselves and stick to those opinions.

C.   there is no real pressure to conform in most situations.

D.   most people would not bend to the opinions of others without a great deal of anger and argument.

A.   people conform only up to a certain point but will not violate moral or ethical standards.

B.   there is a significant difference between what people believe they will do and how they actually behave.

C.   women are less likely to engage in behavior that is potentially harmful for others than men are.

D.   people will not conform when they believe their behavior will harm another person.

A.   The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority.

B.   When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role.

C.   The students acting in the roles of prisoners and guards did not take the experiment seriously, so it was discontinued early.

D.   Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners.

A.   Underestimation of the threat of terrorism prior to the 9/11 attacks

B.   The Obama administration’s decision to reform health care

C.   U.S. entry into World War II after the Pearl Harbor attack

D.   The Johnson administration’s 1967 decision to start the War on Poverty

A.   An illusion of invulnerability

B.   Allowing in outside expert opinion

C.   An illusion of unanimity

D.   Discouragement of dissenting opinion