A.   A shared definition allows sociologists from around the world to collaborate.

B.   If all sociologists cannot agree on a definition of groups, then groups cannot exist.

C.   Having a shared definition helps in understanding the behavior of people in society.

D.   Groups are a very simple aspect of sociology; the definition makes them seem more academic.

A.   five

B.   one

C.   seven

D.   two

A.   All eighteen-year-olds

B.   John’s parents and John

C.   A married couple

D.   Lori’s sociology class

A.   tendency for triads to develop into a pair and an isolate.

B.   emergence of coalitions.

C.   predisposition for primary groups to be small

D.   likelihood of dyads to be stable.

A.   adding a third person to a dyad has no effect on the stability of the group.

B.   a dyad is basically an unstable social grouping.

C.   the size of the group has no effect on interaction.

D.   a triad is an unstable social grouping, whereas dyads are relatively stable.

A.   Neighbors

B.   Family

C.   Teachers

D.   Classmates

A.   Triads; dyads

B.   Primary groups; secondary groups

C.   Categories; secondary groups

D.   Secondary groups; primary groups

A.   Identification with a social group can strongly influence self-esteem.

B.   The influence of a reference group may be positive or negative.

C.   Reference groups always provide good role models.

D.   One does not belong to a reference group.

A.   Reference groups; attribution groups

B.   Dyads; triads

C.   Primary groups; secondary groups

D.   In-groups; out-groups

A.   the opposite of an in-group.

B.   always a secondary group.

C.   created by the existence of an in-group.

D.   an attribute of society.

A.   most people would not bend to the opinions of others without a great deal of anger and argument.

B.   even rather gentle pressure was sufficient to cause an astonishing rise in the number of wrong answers.

C.   there is no real pressure to conform in most situations.

D.   the majority of people make up their minds for themselves and stick to those opinions.

A.   women are less likely to engage in behavior that is potentially harmful for others than men are.

B.   there is a significant difference between what people believe they will do and how they actually behave.

C.   people conform only up to a certain point but will not violate moral or ethical standards.

D.   people will not conform when they believe their behavior will harm another person.

A.   The findings were not significant in terms of how people adapt to roles of authority.

B.   The students acting in the roles of prisoners and guards did not take the experiment seriously, so it was discontinued early.

C.   Without being told to do so, students playing the role of guards behaved sadistically toward the students in the role of prisoners.

D.   When upper-class students were put in the role of prisoner, they were not abused as much as the working-class students in the same role.

A.   The Obama administration’s decision to reform health care

B.   Underestimation of the threat of terrorism prior to the 9/11 attacks

C.   The Johnson administration’s 1967 decision to start the War on Poverty

D.   U.S. entry into World War II after the Pearl Harbor attack

A.   Allowing in outside expert opinion

B.   An illusion of invulnerability

C.   Discouragement of dissenting opinion

D.   An illusion of unanimity