A.   minority

B.   dominant

C.   ethnic

D.   racial

A.   Racial categories are the same in countries throughout the world.

B.   Race is a socially constructed category.

C.   Racial categories in a society reflect differences in the biological makeup of individuals.

D.   Race is assigned based on scientific investigation.

A.   In the United States and in Brazil, one’s racial categorization is strongly influenced by one’s social class status.

B.   In Brazil, race is determined by religious standards, but in the United States, religion does not typically play a role in racial categories.

C.   In Brazil, a person with any amount of Black ancestry has historically been designated as Black; in the United States, other factors, including appearance and social status, play roles.

D.   In the United States, a person with any amount of Black ancestry has historically been designated as Black; in Brazil, other factors, including appearance and social status, play roles.

A.   Ethnogeneration

B.   Racialization

C.   Racial formation

D.   Ethnicity identification

A.   A person could select a single, unified category for race and ethnicity together.

B.   A person could select as many racial categories as they felt applied to them.

C.   A person could select what they consider their primary and also their secondary racial identity.

D.   A person could select a single race as their identity.

A.   Biological characteristics are the major determinants of race.

B.   Racial formation occurs in youth.

C.   Official institutions, such as governments, produce and maintain the meaning of race.

D.   Individuals have a single race but multiple ethnicities.

A.   The degree to which members of different groups differ from each other biologically

B.   The amount of difference in ancestry or “blood” that different groups have

C.   The language that each group speaks

D.   The beliefs and interests of the most powerful group(s) in society

A.   science.

B.   logic.

C.   opinion.

D.   fact.

A.   biological.

B.   fluid.

C.   invariant.

D.   transgenerational.

A.   Group members share a sense of solidarity and identity.

B.   Group members share common beliefs.

C.   Group members possess characteristics considered different from those of the dominant group.

D.   Group members suffer prejudice and discrimination within the society by the dominant group.

A.   oversimplified statements of belief about members of a particular group.

B.   understood to apply only to a few members of any particular group.

C.   generally applied only to a dominant group within any society.

D.   generalizations about minority groups by the dominant group.

A.   are fundamental.

B.   are significant only because of the social meaning they have taken on.

C.   are accepted by science but not the general population.

D.   remain the dominant focus.  

A.   always positive.

B.   usually negative.

C.   neither positive nor negative.

D.   equally positive and negative.

A.   neither prejudgment nor misjudgment.

B.   both prejudgment and misjudgment.

C.   misjudgment but not prejudgment.

D.   prejudgment but not misjudgment.

A.   when two people of different races apply for the same housing, both are equally likely to be accepted or turned down.

B.   discrimination in housing is less important than other forms of discrimination.

C.   reverse discrimination, or discrimination toward a White person, is equally as common as discrimination against minority group members.

D.   members of minority groups are frequently turned down for housing in situations in which a White person is not.

A.   involves actions, not attitudes.

B.   has practically disappeared in the United States since Barack Obama was elected president.

C.   is limited to individual behavior.

D.   is the perception and treatment of members of a racial group as inferior.

A.   neoracism.

B.   traditional racism.

C.   aversive racism.

D.   overt racism.

A.   An inability to understand nonracist viewpoints

B.   A tendency to blame blacks for the gap in economic standing

C.   Resistance to policy efforts to alleviate racially oppressive practices

D.   Subtle and persistent negative stereotyping

A.   A waiter refusing to serve a Black man who sits in his section

B.   Airport security procedures that specify people who appear to be Middle Eastern should be scrutinized more closely than others

C.   Dr. Jones, a professor, claiming she doesn’t even notice the color of her students’ skin

D.   A landlord who will never rent to anyone who has dark skin

A.   pluralist frustration

B.   White privilege

C.   stereotype interchangeability

D.   institutional racism