Astronomy 120 - Stars and Galaxies » Fall 2022 » Unit 13 Quiz

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Question #1
Hubble and Humason noticed that the galaxies that they studied are moving
A.   through space.
B.   outside of space.
C.   with space.
D.   not at all.
Question #2
How do astronomers detect the motion of distant galaxies?
A.   By observing the steady dimming of the galaxy's light.
B.   By noting the sudden appearance of new galaxies where none was previous seen.
C.   By tracking the disappearance of the most distant galaxies, one by one.
D.   By observing shifts in emission or absorption lines of the galaxies.
Question #3
Astronomers have found the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. What is the nature of this radiation?
A.   It is a weak background of cosmic neutrinos.
B.   It is a bright, almost uniform, x-ray glow.
C.   It is a faint, almost uniform, radio signal.
D.   It is a weak and very patchy glow at visible wavelengths.
Question #4
How was the CMB created?
A.   The fusion of H into He by the first stars.
B.   The burst of radiation from the big bang as it cooled down.
C.   The combined effect of billions of distant quasars.
D.   The formation of quarks in the big bang.
Question #5
The "Hubble Age" is the calculated age of the universe, according to the Hubble constant. Astronomers have calculated the Hubble age to be
A.   67.8 billion years.
B.   4.65 billion years.
C.   6500 years.
D.   13 billion years.
Question #6
The fact that Hubble and Humason noticed that galaxies were moving away from us was measured by the galaxies'
A.   galactic type.
B.   redshift.
C.   luminosity.
D.   hydrogen content.
Question #7
A galaxies recessional velocity is dependent on its
A.   distance from us.
B.   acceleration.
C.   galactic type.
D.   luminosity.
Question #8
The cosmic microwave background radiation corresponds to the universe's present day temperature of
A.   ~3 ºC.
B.   ~3 K.
C.   millions of degrees, in any scale!
D.   ~3 ºF.
Question #9
What do astronomers infer from the motion of distant galaxies?
A.   The universe is expanding.
B.   The universe is contracting.
C.   The universe is spinning.
D.   The universe is imploding.
Question #10
The "Hubble constant" is a constant (a number) that defines the expansion rate of the universe. The Hubble constant has been measured from a graph of the Hubble Law to be
A.   ~70 km/s/Mpc
B.   13 billion years
C.   ~68 mph/km
D.   ~40,000 miles/s
Question #11
Which of the following is NOT a proposed form of dark energy?
A.   quintessence
B.   æther, quarks
C.   æther, quintessence
D.   Einstein's cosmological constant
Question #12
Our understanding of the expansion of the Universe has changed with time. It is only since the year ___ that astronomers have theorized the existence and effects of dark energy.
A.   1980
B.   1995
C.   1988
D.   1998
Question #13
Ω0 =
A.   1
B.   42
C.   13 billion
D.   73%
Question #14
Dark energy accounts for approximately what percent of the mass-energy density of the universe?
A.   73%
B.   100%
C.   5%
D.   27%
Question #15
The shape of the Universe is
A.   positive
B.   flat
C.   saddleback
D.   negative
Question #16
Astronomers believe that the expansion rate of the universe is
A.   decreasing.
B.   increasing.
C.   remaining the same.
D.   incalculable.
Question #17
According to astronomers, the final fate of our universe is to
A.   implode instantaneously.
B.   expand forever.
C.   disappear in the blink of a deity's eye.
D.   shrink slowly and collapse in the "big crunch."
Question #18
Due to the expansion of the Universe, space
A.   and all its contents are shrinking, faster and faster
B.   neither getting bigger, nor smaller
C.   itself is expanding, faster and faster
D.   is expanding while its contents remain motionless
Question #19
The change in the expansion rate of the universe is theorized to be caused by
A.   dark energy.
B.   dark nebulae.
C.   dark matter.
D.   dark chocolate.

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