CD 001 - Child Growth and Development » Fall 2022 » Final Exam
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Question #1
Zahra is distracted at school, makes careless mistakes in her schoolwork, doesn't follow instructions well, is easily distracted, and forgetful. She has
A.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
B.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
C.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
D.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Question #2
____ is when the body doesn't make or use insulin well.
A.
Asthma
B.
stuttering
C.
Hypertension
D.
Diabetes
Question #3
Match each childhood mental health disorder to its description: Depression
A.
having extreme or persistent fears or having fear that is not typical in children
B.
Having issues with adjustment or showing other symptoms after a traumatic event
C.
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to a something
D.
Feelings of persistent sadness and hopelessness
E.
having obsessions and/or compulsion
Question #4
Match each childhood mental health disorder to its description: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A.
having obsessions and/or compulsion
B.
Having issues with adjustment or showing other symptoms after a traumatic event
C.
Feelings of persistent sadness and hopelessness
D.
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to a something
E.
having extreme or persistent fears or having fear that is not typical in children
Question #5
Bullied children are likely to seek help from adults.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #6
Giving children stickers when they behave well is an example of _________________; while getting personal satisfaction from behaving well is _________________.
A.
the goal; a bonus
B.
internal; external
C.
ntrinsically; extrinsically
D.
extrinsically; intrinsically
Question #7
______________ believed that we learn our moral values through active thinking and reasoning and proposed stages of moral development.
A.
Freud
B.
Erikson
C.
Piaget
D.
Kohlberg
Question #8
Match the research design to its definition: cross-sectional
A.
changes that occur over time in a group are assessed
B.
people of different ages are assessed
C.
studies changes in groups of people at different ages
Question #9
Match the research design to its definition: longitudinal
A.
people of different ages are assessed
B.
studies changes in groups of people at different ages
C.
changes that occur over time in a group are assessed
Question #10
Match the research design to its definition: sequential
A.
people of different ages are assessed
B.
changes that occur over time in a group are assessed
C.
studies changes in groups of people at different ages
Question #11
The _____ develops in the uterus to allow oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo.
A.
placenta
B.
ectoderm
C.
follicle
D.
amniotic sac
Question #12
Dan and Fiona decided to utilize technology to overcome their infertility problems. They chose a procedure in which a mature ovum was surgically removed, fertilized in a laboratory dish, and then implanted in the Fiona's uterus. This technique is called
A.
gamete intrafallopian transfer
B.
in vitro fertilization
C.
surrogacy
D.
artificial insemination
Question #13
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: A temporary lack of oxygen to the brain
A.
Low birth weight
B.
Postmature
C.
Small-for-date
D.
Anoxia
Question #14
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Having a birth weight that below 90% of all babies at the same gestational age
A.
Postmature
B.
Small-for-date
C.
Low birth weight
D.
Premature
Question #15
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Weighing less than 5 pounds and 8 ounces at birth
A.
Low birth weight
B.
Premature
C.
Postmature
D.
Stillborn
Question #16
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Being born after 42 weeks gestration
A.
Anoxia
B.
Postmature
C.
Low birth weight
D.
Small-for-date
Question #17
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Being born before 32 weeks gestation
A.
Small-for-date
B.
Premature
C.
Postmature
D.
Low birth weight
Question #18
Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Fetal death while still in the womb after 20-24 weeks gestation) or during delivery
A.
Small-for-date
B.
Anoxia
C.
Stillborn
D.
Postmature
Question #19
Most babies are born at more than 8 pounds.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #20
Mary is in the delivery room giving birth to her first child. Her cervix is sufficiently dilated and the baby's head has started to move through the cervix into the vaginal canal. Which of the following stages of childbirth is Mary in?
A.
First
B.
Third
C.
Second
D.
Fourth
Question #21
Which of the following tastes would a newborn most likely prefer?
A.
Water
B.
Broccoli
C.
Tangy lemonade
D.
Honey
Question #22
_____ is the sudden and unexplained death of an infant under one year.
A.
Down syndrome
B.
Sudden infant death syndrome
C.
Hyaline membrane disease
D.
Shaken baby syndrome
Question #23
It is recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services that infants are given
A.
skimmed milk rather than whole milk, to prevent obesity.
B.
breast milk exclusively for the first six months.
C.
cow's milk at least for first three months.
D.
iron-enriched solid foods, usually cereals from 3 months of age.
Question #24
Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Pavlov
A.
classical conditioning - a conditioned stimulus becomes associated with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus, in order to produce a behavioral response knowned as conditioned response
Question #25
Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Skinner
A.
operant conditioning - new or continued behaviors are impacted by new or continued consequences through reinforcement (increasing a behavior) and punishment (decreasing a behavior)
Question #26
Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Bandura
A.
social learning theory - learning through copying behaviors that were modeled by others
Question #27
Jorge loves to play peek-a-boo with his baby brother. The realization that an object or person continues to exist even when out of sight is known as
A.
habituation
B.
joint symbolism
C.
object fixation
D.
object permanence
Question #28
Polly spends her day discovering the world by putting almost everything she touches in her mouth. This implies that she is in Piaget's first cognitive stage known as the
A.
concrete operational
B.
preoperational stage
C.
formal operational stage
D.
sensorimotor stage
Question #29
When Sahir looks to see how his father is going to react when he falls down, he is using what?
A.
emotional regulation
B.
social referencing
C.
shaping
D.
reinforcement
Question #30
When Tomas walks away from another child that is not sharing toys in the sandbox, he is showing his development
A.
avoidant reduction
B.
emotional regulation
C.
social awareness
D.
disregulation
Question #31
Which of the following is a possible outcome of an inadequate resolution of the conflict between basic trust and basic mistrust?
A.
Close attachment with the mother
B.
Difficulties in forming quality relationships
C.
Deficits in cognitive abilities
D.
Strong sense of predictability and stability
Question #32
At age 2 the brain is _______ of its adult weight; by age 6, it is ______ of its adult weight.
A.
25%; 50%
B.
75%; 95%
C.
50%; 75%
D.
10%; 25%
Question #33
______________ and sealants can help prevent dental caries (cavities).
A.
vitamin D
B.
folic acid
C.
flouride
D.
calcium
Question #34
Preoperational children tend to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others, leading to illogical conclusions. Piaget called this tendency
A.
seriation.
B.
classification.
C.
animism.
D.
centration.
Question #35
Which of the following memory systems is defined as a temporary storehouse for incoming information that decays rapidly?
A.
Working memory
B.
Semantic memory
C.
Procedural memory
D.
Sensory memory
Question #36
Studies conducted to understand the theory of mind in children between ages 3 and 5 have shown that
A.
the understanding that other people can have false beliefs does not develop for most children until middle childhood.
B.
theory of mind accompanies the decline of egocentrism and the development of empathy.
C.
children have abandoned all their false beliefs about the world by this stage.
D.
young children believe that the mind is continuously active.
Question #37
A.
dyscalculia
B.
dysgraphia
C.
dyslexia
Question #38
Sergio speaks Spanish but is learning English skills as well. This means he is
A.
Trilingual
B.
Monolingual
C.
Bilingual
Question #39
Requiring that children receive their education in the least restrictive environment refers to a preference for putting children with disabilities into special education classrooms.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #40
Which theorist believed that intelligence also includes being able to apply newly found skills to novel situations and using common sense.
A.
Sternberg
B.
Gardner
C.
Vygotksy
D.
Piaget
Question #41
Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?
A.
Seminal vesicles
B.
Voice changes
C.
Axillary hair
D.
Pubic hair
Question #42
The first places adolescents begin to grow are in the extremities (head, hands, and feet).
A.
False
B.
True
Question #43
Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?
A.
Breasts
B.
Pubic hair
C.
Ovaries
D.
Underarm hair
Question #44
There are no negative effects of teenagers working.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #45
Delia, 14, often feels uncomfortable around people because she believes they are watching and talking about her. This happens at church, school, and family gatherings. According to Elkind, Delia is experiencing _____.
A.
specialness
B.
an imaginary audience
C.
invulnerability
D.
a personal fable
Question #46
If a person doesn't work to encode and store information so that it can be stored in long-term memory, it will likely be forgotten.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #47
Adolescents find fault with parents and authority figures because
A.
their cognitive development allows them to envision an ideal world, but they see how adults fall short.
B.
they often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about: themselves.
C.
they feel the need to separate emotionally from their parents in order to leave home.
D.
they are less-skilled at abstract thought and social perspective-taking.
Question #48
Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status that is characterized by a commitment to choices made following a crisis
A.
identity diffusion
B.
moratorium
C.
identity achievement
D.
foreclosure
Question #49
Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life
A.
moratorium
B.
identity achievement
C.
foreclosure
D.
identity diffusion
Question #50
Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status in which a person is considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment
A.
identity diffusion
B.
foreclosure
C.
identity achievement
D.
moratorium
Question #51
Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status characterized by an absence of commitment and a lack of serious consideration of alternatives
A.
moratorium
B.
identity achievement
C.
identity diffusion
D.
foreclosure
Question #52
The proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood, usually extending from the late teens through the mid- to late-20s is referred to as _____.
A.
emerging adulthood
B.
the gender revolution
C.
a mid-life crisis
D.
late adolescence
Question #53
Cultural/ethnic identity formation may start earlier and take longer to accomplish in those who are not monoracial or a single ethnicity.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #54
The higher an adolescent's autonomy from their peer group, the more likely they will have resilience against its influence (whether positive or negative).
A.
False
B.
True
Question #55
There are no negative effects of teenagers working.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #56
Match the example to the type of play it describes. Parallel
A.
During free play at preschool, Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tifara. Their favorite activity is building with blocks. As they share the blocks, they talk excitedly with one another about the various buildings they create.
B.
Manuel is directing a small group of children in a game of Duck, Duck, Goose.
C.
At Jason's second birthday party, all the children were playing with toys in the backyard. Although near one another, each child played separately with his or her selected toys.
D.
Misha is watching a group of children playing in the sandbox. She asks them what they are doing and then gives them ideas of how to build the best sandcastle. She does not join their play.
E.
Despite the fact that Yuki is in a crowded classroom, she chooses to play by herself and makes no attempt to join the others.
Question #57
Match the example to the type of play it describes. Onlooker
A.
At Jason's second birthday party, all the children were playing with toys in the backyard. Although near one another, each child played separately with his or her selected toys.
B.
Misha is watching a group of children playing in the sandbox. She asks them what they are doing and then gives them ideas of how to build the best sandcastle. She does not join their play.
C.
Despite the fact that Yuki is in a crowded classroom, she chooses to play by herself and makes no attempt to join the others.
D.
During free play at preschool, Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tifara. Their favorite activity is building with blocks. As they share the blocks, they talk excitedly with one another about the various buildings they create.
E.
Manuel is directing a small group of children in a game of Duck, Duck, Goose.
Question #58
Match each style of parenting to its description. Permissive
A.
Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.
B.
Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.
C.
Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.
D.
Parents emphasizes control and obedience.
Question #59
Match each style of parenting to its description. rejecting/neglecting
A.
Parents emphasizes control and obedience.
B.
Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.
C.
Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.
D.
Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.
Question #60
Match each style of parenting to its description. Authoritarian
A.
Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.
B.
Parents emphasizes control and obedience.
C.
Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.
D.
Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.
Question #61
Toxic stress during childhood can have long-term effects consequences, including changes in the brain, reduced immunity to disease, and hypersensitivity to future stressors.
A.
False
B.
True
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