Los Angeles City College » Child Development » CD 001 - Child Growth and Development » Fall 2022

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Question #1

Zahra is distracted at school, makes careless mistakes in her schoolwork, doesn't follow instructions well, is easily distracted, and forgetful. She has

A. Oppositional Defiant Disorder

B. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

C. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

D. Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question #2

____ is when the body doesn't make or use insulin well.

A. stuttering

B. Diabetes

C. Asthma

D. Hypertension

Question #3

Match each childhood mental health disorder to its description: Depression

A. having obsessions and/or compulsion

B. Having issues with adjustment or showing other symptoms after a traumatic event

C. Feelings of persistent sadness and hopelessness

D. having extreme or persistent fears or having fear that is not typical in children

E. an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to a something

Question #4

Match each childhood mental health disorder to its description: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A. Having issues with adjustment or showing other symptoms after a traumatic event

B. having obsessions and/or compulsion

C. an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to a something

D. Feelings of persistent sadness and hopelessness

E. having extreme or persistent fears or having fear that is not typical in children

Question #5

Bullied children are likely to seek help from adults.

A. True

B. False

Question #6

Giving children stickers when they behave well is an example of _________________; while getting personal satisfaction from behaving well is _________________.

A. extrinsically; intrinsically

B. internal; external

C. ntrinsically; extrinsically

D. the goal; a bonus

Question #7

______________ believed that we learn our moral values through active thinking and reasoning and proposed stages of moral development.

A. Kohlberg

B. Freud

C. Erikson

D. Piaget

Question #8

Match the research design to its definition: cross-sectional

A. studies changes in groups of people at different ages

B. changes that occur over time in a group are assessed

C. people of different ages are assessed

Question #9

Match the research design to its definition: longitudinal

A. studies changes in groups of people at different ages

B. people of different ages are assessed

C. changes that occur over time in a group are assessed

Question #10

Match the research design to its definition: sequential

A. studies changes in groups of people at different ages

B. changes that occur over time in a group are assessed

C. people of different ages are assessed

Question #11

The _____ develops in the uterus to allow oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo.

A. ectoderm

B. amniotic sac

C. placenta

D. follicle

Question #12

Dan and Fiona decided to utilize technology to overcome their infertility problems. They chose a procedure in which a mature ovum was surgically removed, fertilized in a laboratory dish, and then implanted in the Fiona's uterus. This technique is called

A. in vitro fertilization

B. surrogacy

C. gamete intrafallopian transfer

D. artificial insemination

Question #13

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: A temporary lack of oxygen to the brain

A. Postmature

B. Low birth weight

C. Anoxia

D. Small-for-date

Question #14

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Having a birth weight that below 90% of all babies at the same gestational age

A. Postmature

B. Low birth weight

C. Premature

D. Small-for-date

Question #15

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Weighing less than 5 pounds and 8 ounces at birth

A. Premature

B. Low birth weight

C. Stillborn

D. Postmature

Question #16

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Being born after 42 weeks gestration

A. Anoxia

B. Postmature

C. Small-for-date

D. Low birth weight

Question #17

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Being born before 32 weeks gestation

A. Postmature

B. Low birth weight

C. Premature

D. Small-for-date

Question #18

Match the description to the problem of the newborn it best describes: Fetal death while still in the womb after 20-24 weeks gestation) or during delivery

A. Small-for-date

B. Anoxia

C. Stillborn

D. Postmature

Question #19

Most babies are born at more than 8 pounds.

A. False

B. True

Question #20

Mary is in the delivery room giving birth to her first child. Her cervix is sufficiently dilated and the baby's head has started to move through the cervix into the vaginal canal. Which of the following stages of childbirth is Mary in?

A. Second

B. First

C. Third

D. Fourth

Question #21

Which of the following tastes would a newborn most likely prefer?

A. Tangy lemonade

B. Water

C. Honey

D. Broccoli

Question #22

_____ is the sudden and unexplained death of an infant under one year.

A. Sudden infant death syndrome

B. Shaken baby syndrome

C. Hyaline membrane disease

D. Down syndrome

Question #23

It is recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services that infants are given

A. iron-enriched solid foods, usually cereals from 3 months of age.

B. breast milk exclusively for the first six months.

C. cow's milk at least for first three months.

D. skimmed milk rather than whole milk, to prevent obesity.

Question #24

Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Pavlov

A. classical conditioning - a conditioned stimulus becomes associated with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus, in order to produce a behavioral response knowned as conditioned response

Question #25

Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Skinner

A. operant conditioning - new or continued behaviors are impacted by new or continued consequences through reinforcement (increasing a behavior) and punishment (decreasing a behavior)

Question #26

Match the person to the form of learning they are well known for. Bandura

A. social learning theory - learning through copying behaviors that were modeled by others

Question #27

Jorge loves to play peek-a-boo with his baby brother. The realization that an object or person continues to exist even when out of sight is known as

A. joint symbolism

B. object permanence

C. object fixation

D. habituation

Question #28

Polly spends her day discovering the world by putting almost everything she touches in her mouth. This implies that she is in Piaget's first cognitive stage known as the

A. concrete operational

B. formal operational stage

C. sensorimotor stage

D. preoperational stage

Question #29

When Sahir looks to see how his father is going to react when he falls down, he is using what?

A. emotional regulation

B. reinforcement

C. social referencing

D. shaping

Question #30

When Tomas walks away from another child that is not sharing toys in the sandbox, he is showing his development

A. social awareness

B. disregulation

C. emotional regulation

D. avoidant reduction

Question #31

Which of the following is a possible outcome of an inadequate resolution of the conflict between basic trust and basic mistrust?

A. Difficulties in forming quality relationships

B. Deficits in cognitive abilities

C. Strong sense of predictability and stability

D. Close attachment with the mother

Question #32

At age 2 the brain is _______ of its adult weight; by age 6, it is ______ of its adult weight.

A. 75%; 95%

B. 50%; 75%

C. 25%; 50%

D. 10%; 25%

Question #33

______________ and sealants can help prevent dental caries (cavities).

A. vitamin D

B. flouride

C. calcium

D. folic acid

Question #34

Preoperational children tend to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others, leading to illogical conclusions. Piaget called this tendency

A. classification.

B. animism.

C. seriation.

D. centration.

Question #35

Which of the following memory systems is defined as a temporary storehouse for incoming information that decays rapidly?

A. Sensory memory

B. Procedural memory

C. Semantic memory

D. Working memory

Question #36

Studies conducted to understand the theory of mind in children between ages 3 and 5 have shown that

A. theory of mind accompanies the decline of egocentrism and the development of empathy.

B. young children believe that the mind is continuously active.

C. children have abandoned all their false beliefs about the world by this stage.

D. the understanding that other people can have false beliefs does not develop for most children until middle childhood.

Question #37

A. dyscalculia

B. dyslexia

C. dysgraphia

Question #38

Sergio speaks Spanish but is learning English skills as well. This means he is

A. Trilingual

B. Monolingual

C. Bilingual

Question #39

Requiring that children receive their education in the least restrictive environment refers to a preference for putting children with disabilities into special education classrooms.

A. True

B. False

Question #40

Which theorist believed that intelligence also includes being able to apply newly found skills to novel situations and using common sense.

A. Piaget

B. Gardner

C. Vygotksy

D. Sternberg

Question #41

Which of the following is NOT a secondary sex characteristic?

A. Axillary hair

B. Seminal vesicles

C. Pubic hair

D. Voice changes

Question #42

The first places adolescents begin to grow are in the extremities (head, hands, and feet).

A. False

B. True

Question #43

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

A. Breasts

B. Ovaries

C. Pubic hair

D. Underarm hair

Question #44

There are no negative effects of teenagers working.

A. False

B. True

Question #45

Delia, 14, often feels uncomfortable around people because she believes they are watching and talking about her. This happens at church, school, and family gatherings. According to Elkind, Delia is experiencing _____.

A. an imaginary audience

B. specialness

C. invulnerability

D. a personal fable

Question #46

A. False

B. True

Question #47

Adolescents find fault with parents and authority figures because

A. their cognitive development allows them to envision an ideal world, but they see how adults fall short.

B. they are less-skilled at abstract thought and social perspective-taking.

C. they feel the need to separate emotionally from their parents in order to leave home.

D. they often assume everyone else is thinking about the same thing they are thinking about: themselves.

Question #48

Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status that is characterized by a commitment to choices made following a crisis

A. moratorium

B. identity diffusion

C. foreclosure

D. identity achievement

Question #49

Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life

A. foreclosure

B. moratorium

C. identity diffusion

D. identity achievement

Question #50

Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status in which a person is considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment

A. identity achievement

B. foreclosure

C. identity diffusion

D. moratorium

Question #51

Match Marcia’s identity statuses to the statement that best describes it. the identity status characterized by an absence of commitment and a lack of serious consideration of alternatives

A. moratorium

B. foreclosure

C. identity achievement

D. identity diffusion

Question #52

The proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood, usually extending from the late teens through the mid- to late-20s is referred to as _____.

A. a mid-life crisis

B. late adolescence

C. the gender revolution

D. emerging adulthood

Question #53

Cultural/ethnic identity formation may start earlier and take longer to accomplish in those who are not monoracial or a single ethnicity.

A. False

B. True

Question #54

The higher an adolescent's autonomy from their peer group, the more likely they will have resilience against its influence (whether positive or negative).

A. True

B. False

Question #55

There are no negative effects of teenagers working.

A. False

B. True

Question #56

Match the example to the type of play it describes. Parallel

A. Misha is watching a group of children playing in the sandbox. She asks them what they are doing and then gives them ideas of how to build the best sandcastle. She does not join their play.

B. Manuel is directing a small group of children in a game of Duck, Duck, Goose.

C. During free play at preschool, Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tifara. Their favorite activity is building with blocks. As they share the blocks, they talk excitedly with one another about the various buildings they create.

D. Despite the fact that Yuki is in a crowded classroom, she chooses to play by herself and makes no attempt to join the others.

E. At Jason's second birthday party, all the children were playing with toys in the backyard. Although near one another, each child played separately with his or her selected toys.

Question #57

Match the example to the type of play it describes. Onlooker

A. During free play at preschool, Valerie spends her time playing with Seth and Tifara. Their favorite activity is building with blocks. As they share the blocks, they talk excitedly with one another about the various buildings they create.

B. Manuel is directing a small group of children in a game of Duck, Duck, Goose.

C. Despite the fact that Yuki is in a crowded classroom, she chooses to play by herself and makes no attempt to join the others.

D. At Jason's second birthday party, all the children were playing with toys in the backyard. Although near one another, each child played separately with his or her selected toys.

E. Misha is watching a group of children playing in the sandbox. She asks them what they are doing and then gives them ideas of how to build the best sandcastle. She does not join their play.

Question #58

Match each style of parenting to its description. Permissive

A. Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.

B. Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.

C. Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.

D. Parents emphasizes control and obedience.

Question #59

Match each style of parenting to its description. rejecting/neglecting

A. Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.

B. Parents emphasizes control and obedience.

C. Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.

D. Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.

Question #60

Match each style of parenting to its description. Authoritarian

A. Parents blend warmth and respect for a child's individuality and teach social values.

B. Parents make few demands and allow children to monitor their own activities as much as possible.

C. Parents emphasizes control and obedience.

D. Parents focus on their own needs rather than on those of the child.

Question #61

Toxic stress during childhood can have long-term effects consequences, including changes in the brain, reduced immunity to disease, and hypersensitivity to future stressors.

A. True

B. False

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CD 001 - Child Growth and Development » Fall 2022 » Final Exam

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