Soc 101 - Introduction to Sociology » Fall 2022 » Final Exam

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Question #1
If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.
A.   Resource mobilization
B.   Framing
C.   New social movement
D.   Value-added
Question #2
What does carrying capacity refer to?
A.   The amount of weight that urban centers can bear if vertical growth is mandated
B.   The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment
C.   The ability of a community to welcome new immigrants
D.   The capacity for globalism within a given ethnic group
Question #3
What is the approximate median age of the United States? (as of 2010, according to your textbook)
A.   37
B.   43
C.   85
D.   65
Question #4
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.
A.   In late adulthood
B.   In early adulthood
C.   At infancy
D.   In early adolescence
Question #5
What is the primary driver of modernization theory?
A.   Aging
B.   Conflict
C.   Interactions
D.   Industrialization
Question #6
Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?
A.   The Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production and trade of textiles
B.   The Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family’s land for centuries
C.   The Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family
D.   The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses
Question #7
Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?
A.   Qaboos bin Said Al Said
B.   Kim Jong-Un
C.   David Cameron
D.   Donald Trump
Question #8
As a White person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:
A.   White privilege
B.   conflict theory
C.   scapegoating theory
D.   intersection theory
Question #9
Which of the types of framing explains what needs to be done once you've agreed with and believe in the other two frames?
A.   Interactive framing
B.   Prognostic framing
C.   Motivational framing
D.   Diagnostic framing
Question #10
Many constitutional monarchies started out as:
A.   dictatorships
B.   democracies
C.   oligarchies
D.   absolute monarchies
Question #11
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
A.   Race
B.   Blood type
C.   Gender
D.   Class
Question #12
Which of the following type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?
A.   Neglect
B.   Physical abuse
C.   Verbal mistreatment
D.   Shaken-baby syndrome
Question #13
Which of the types of framing state the problem in a clear understood way?
A.   Prognostic framing
B.   Motivational framing
C.   Diagnostic framing
D.   Interactive framing
Question #14
Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?
A.   British Prime Minister
B.   North Korean leader
C.   Queen/King of England
D.   President of the US
Question #15
The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory?
A.   Functionalism
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Symbolic Interactionism
D.   Feminist Theory
Question #16
Anita and Martin are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney’s host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:
A.   Xenocentrism
B.   Imperialism
C.   Culture Shock
D.   Ethnocentrism
Question #17
According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, which of the following family types lead to children growing up with more advantages?
A.   a grandparent
B.   married parents
C.   a divorced parent
D.   a single parent
Question #18
Which of the following types of social movements seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure?
A.   Revolutionary movements
B.   Alternative movements
C.   Resistance movements
D.   Religious/redemptive movements
E.   Reform movements
Question #19
Which is not an example of a normative organization?
A.   A book club
B.   A study hall
C.   A church youth group
D.   A PETA protest group
Question #20
In Erik Erikson’s developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?
A.   Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy
B.   Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy
C.   Overcoming despair to achieve integrity
D.   Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity
Question #21
Which of the following describes the value-added theory?
A.   the idea that people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their individual set of norms, which may change as the crowd experience evolves
B.   an idea that explains the noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage
C.   the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur and each condition adds to the likelihood that it will occur
D.   an idea for understanding collective behavior that credits individuals in crowds as rational beings and refocuses attention from collective behavior to collective action
Question #22
Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
A.   Social placement
B.   Socialization
C.   Courtship
D.   Cultural innovation
Question #23
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.
A.   Affirmative action
B.   Social control
C.   Hidden curriculum 
D.   Social promotion
Question #24
Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?
A.   Immigration Reform and Control Act
B.   Operation Wetback
C.   The Bracero Program
D.   SB 1070
Question #25
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
A.   Resources and money
B.   Student interest
C.   Transportation
D.   Teacher interest
Question #26
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________.
A.   racial segregation in schools was allowed
B.   separate schools for Black and White students were unconstitutional
C.   students have a right to free speech in public schools
D.   students do not have a right to free speech in public schools
Question #27
What does cornucopian theory believe?
A.   That the greatest risk is population reduction, not population growth
B.   That the earth will naturally provide enough for whatever number of humans exist
C.   That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates
D.   That new diseases will always keep populations stable
Question #28
According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?
A.   A mechanic
B.   A war veteran
C.   A professor
D.   A senator
Question #29
In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed donuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable?
A.   The doughnuts
B.   The boys
C.   The duration of a week
D.   The weight gained
Question #30
One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.
A.   Positive sanctions
B.   Informal sanctions
C.   Formal sanctions
D.   Deviance
Question #31
What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
A.   Social control
B.   Sorting
C.   Cultural transmission
D.   Hidden curriculum
Question #32
Which of the following theorists stress that family is not objective, but rather a symbol for a biological or emotional connection to a child?
A.   Functionalists
B.   Conflict theorists
C.   Symbolic interactionists
D.   Feminists
Question #33
Informal education _________________.
A.   describes when students teach their peers
B.   refers to the learning of cultural norms
C.   relies on a planned instructional process
D.   only takes place at home
Question #34
A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student’s actions are an example of _________.
A.   Secondary deviance
B.   Master deviance
C.   Primary deviance
D.   Positive deviance
Question #35
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Alienation
A.   Max Weber
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Emile Durkheim
Question #36
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Class Consciousness
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Max Weber
C.   Karl Marx
Question #37
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Functionalism
A.   Karl Marx
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Max Weber
Question #38
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Iron Cage
A.   Max Weber
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Karl Marx
Question #39
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Conflict Theory
A.   Max Weber
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Karl Marx
Question #40
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Rationalization
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Max Weber
Question #41
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Solidarity
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Max Weber
C.   Karl Marx
Question #42
When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?
A.   Population growth
B.   Genetically engineered food
C.   The internet
D.   Medical advances
Question #43
Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?
A.   Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.
B.   Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.
C.   Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks.
D.   Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules.
Question #44
Which of the following types of social movements seek to change every aspect of society?
A.   Revolutionary movements
B.   Religious/redemptive movements
C.   Alternative movements
D.   Resistance movements
E.   Reform movements
Question #45
Which of the following is true about IPV?
A.   About 1 in 7 men report having experienced physical violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime IPV against LGBTQ people is generally lower than it is against non-LGBTQ people 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
B.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. About 1 in 5 women are victims of IPV. 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
C.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. IPV against LGBTQ people is generally lower than it is against non-LGBTQ people 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
D.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. About 1 in 5 women are victims of IPV. About 1 in 7 men report having experienced physical violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime
Question #46
Which of the following describes a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly?
A.   Constructive Society
B.   Figuration
C.   Dynamic Equilibrium
D.   Antipositivist society
Question #47
Which of the following types of social movements seek to change something specific about the social structure?
A.   Revolutionary movements
B.   Alternative movements
C.   Resistance movements
D.   Reform movements
E.   Religious/redemptive movements
Question #48
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory?
A.   Disengagement
B.   Modernization
C.   Age stratification
D.   Conflict
Question #49
Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?
A.   Having been abusive as a younger adult
B.   Bereavement due to widowhood
C.   The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors
D.   Being frail to the point of dependency on care
Question #50
The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ______.
A.   sex ratio
B.   disengagement
C.   gender ratio
D.   cohort
Question #51
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?
A.   Symbolic interactionism
B.   Feminist theory
C.   Functionalism
D.   Conflict theory
Question #52
Stereotypes can be based on...
A.   None of these
B.   Ethnicity
C.   Age
D.   Race
E.   Gender
F.   All of these
Question #53
Which of the following theorists determined that there are four universal residual functions of a family: sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic?
A.   Feminists
B.   Conflict theorists
C.   Symbolic interactionists
D.   Functionalists
Question #54
Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?
A.   Repurposed into new electronics
B.   Dumped into ocean repositories
C.   Incinerators
D.   Recycled in peripheral nations
Question #55
Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is ______.
A.   decreasing
B.   the same as that of the general population
C.   lower than at any point in history
D.   increasing
Question #56
Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States?
A.   They were forced out of their homes
B.   They were escaping genocide
C.   For a better life and to escape oppression
D.   The tea costed less there
Question #57
Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?
A.   It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family.
B.   It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior.
C.   It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
D.   It is not based on comprehensive research.
Question #58
In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?
A.   Charismatic
B.   Traditional
C.   Dictorial
D.   Legal-rational
Question #59
Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change?
A.   Technology should not be subject to patenting.
B.   Technology can be traced back to the early stages of human society.
C.   A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.
D.   Technology and the media evolve together.
Question #60
Socialization as a sociological term describes…
A.   How people interact during social situations
B.   the difference between introverts and extroverts
C.   How people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
D.   a person's internal mental state when in a group setting
Question #61
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
A.   They don’t involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences.
B.   They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence.
C.   They are scored in a way that is subject to human error.
D.   They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
Question #62
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?
A.   Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles.
B.   None of these
C.   Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
D.   Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles.
Question #63
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we “do gender”:
A.   only if we are actively following gender roles
B.   all of the time, in everything we do
C.   only when they apply to our biological sex
D.   during half of our activities
Question #64
Which statement best explains the meaning of “one person, one vote”?
A.   A voter should vote only once a year
B.   A voter deserves one chance to vote
C.   One person should not be allowed to vote twice
D.   All people's votes should count equally.
Question #65
What is discrimination?
A.   Another word for stereotyping
B.   Belief that a race different from yours is inferior
C.   Biased actions against an individual or group
D.   Biased thoughts against an individual or group
Question #66
Which of these is an example of a commodity?
A.   A book, blog entry, or magazine article
B.   Corn
C.   All of these
D.   A restaurant meal
E.   A college lecture
Question #67
Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
A.   Assimilation
B.   Explusion
C.   Genocide
D.   Segregation
Question #68
The process of simultaneously analyzing individual behavior and the society that shaped that behavior
A.   Society
B.   Figuration
C.   Culture
D.   Sociology
Question #69
An awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture and society that shaped a person’s choices and perceptions
A.   Sociological Imagination
B.   Figuration
C.   Sociology
D.   Social Facts
Question #70
A group of people who have come together for a common purpose (politics, education, economy, family, religion, etc.)
A.   Society
B.   Sociology
C.   Culture
D.   Social Institutions
Question #71
The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and cultural rules that govern a social life
A.   Figuration
B.   Social Facts
C.   Sociology
D.   Culture
Question #72
The scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies and social interactions from small and personal groups to very large groups
A.   Sociological Imagination
B.   Society
C.   Social Institutions
D.   Sociology
Question #73
A group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture
A.   Society
B.   Sociology
C.   Social Institutions
D.   Social Facts
Question #74
A group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs that contribute to a group’s way of life
A.   Sociology
B.   Society
C.   Figuration
D.   Culture
Question #75
The term ¬_______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.
A.   Sexual orientation
B.   Gender role
C.   Sexual attitudes
D.   Gender bias
Question #76
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?
A.   Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.
B.   Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
C.   All of these
D.   Women are typically shorter than men.
Question #77
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?
A.   Symbolic Interactionism
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Feminist Theory
D.   Functionalism
Question #78
Suppose an older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory.
A.   disengagement
B.   gerotranscendence
C.   continuity
D.   activity
Question #79
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
A.   Conflict theory
B.   Feminist theory
C.   Functionalist theory
D.   Symbolic interactionism
Question #80
Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:
A.   Bilingualism
B.   Culture lag
C.   Ethnographic imagery
D.   Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Question #81
Which of the following describes racism embedded in social institutions?
A.   Institutional racism, Structural racism, and Systematic racism
B.   Intersectional racism, Structural racism, and Systematic racism
C.   Institutional racism, Structural racism, and Intersectional racism
D.   Institutional racism, Intersectional racism, and Systematic racism
Question #82
What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society?
A.   There is an increased need for employees with postgraduate degrees.
B.   There is less variety of goods.
C.   There are fewer jobs so unemployment increases.
D.   There is less competition so prices are higher.
Question #83
What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society?
A.   Electricity
B.   Information
C.   Money
D.   Computer
Question #84
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
A.   After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck shop than a French restaurant
B.   Men often earn more than women, even working the same job
C.   Teacher continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance
D.   Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued
Question #85
A nation’s flag is a…
A.   Symbol
B.   Value
C.   All of these
D.   Culture
Question #86
Which of the following is the best research method to use for a sensitive topic?
A.   Surveys
B.   Case studies
C.   Interviews
D.   Mixed methods survey and interview
Question #87
What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city?
A.   Advanced agricultural technology
B.   All of these
C.   Strong social organization
D.   Good environment with water and a favorable climate
Question #88
Current divorce rates are:
A.   steadily increasing
B.   at an all-time high
C.   at an all-time low
D.   steadily declining
Question #89
Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
A.   Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
B.   Following a schedule
C.   Knowing locker room etiquette
D.   Learning to read and write
Question #90
Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?
A.   Karl Marx
B.   C. Wright Mills
C.   George H. Mead
D.   G. William Domhoff
Question #91
According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?
A.   Abstinence only
B.   Abstinence plus sexual safety
C.   Sexual safety without promoting abstinence
D.   No sex education
Question #92
The terms “masculine” and “feminine” refer to a person’s _________.
A.   Sex
B.   Gender
C.   Both sex and gender
D.   None of the above
Question #93
Which country serves as an example of convergence?
A.   Singapore
B.   England
C.   Canada
D.   North Korea
Question #94
When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true?
A.   Media can influence technology, but not society.
B.   Technology created media, but society has nothing to do with these.
C.   Society influences media but is not connected to technology.
D.   Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.
Question #95
Sociologists tend to define family in terms of
A.   how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
B.   the connection of bloodlines
C.   the status roles that exist in a family structure
D.   how closely members adhere to social norms
Question #96
A woman being married to two men would be an example of:
A.   polygyny
B.   polyandry
C.   monogamy
D.   cohabitation
Question #97
Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?
A.   One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens’ basic rights
B.   A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate.
C.   People vote to elect officials.
D.   A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
Question #98
Suppose an older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ______ theory.
A.   continuity
B.   disengagement
C.   gerotranscendence
D.   activity
Question #99
Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?
A.   A group of people interested in hearing an author speak
B.   A soldier questioning orders
C.   A class going on a field trip
D.   Going shopping with a friend
Question #100
Which of the following describes the emergent norm theory?
A.   the idea that people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their individual set of norms, which may change as the crowd experience evolves
B.   an idea for understanding collective behavior that credits individuals in crowds as rational beings and refocuses attention from collective behavior to collective action
C.   the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur and each condition adds to the likelihood that it will occur
D.   an idea that explains the noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage
Question #101
Scapegoat theory shows that:
A.   dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
B.   some people are predisposed to prejudice
C.   all of these
D.   subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems
Question #102
Ethnicity describes shared
A.   Language, Traditions, Religion, and Beliefs
B.   Language, Traditions, Religion, and Geographical location
C.   Geographical location, Religion, and Beliefs
D.   Geographical location, Traditions, and Beliefs
Question #103
Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.
A.   Statue of Liberty
B.   Separate but equal
C.   Salad bowl
D.   Melting pot
Question #104
What is not a negative outcome of shoreline dredging?
A.   Reduction of human population
B.   Death of marine life
C.   Damaged coral reefs
D.   Ruined sea grass beds
Question #105
Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
A.   Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
B.   Authority is more subtle than power.
C.   Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.
D.   Authority involves intimidation.
Question #106
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________.
A.   teacher salary
B.   access to education
C.   desegregation of schools
D.   average spending on students
Question #107
Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.
A.   conflict theory
B.   functionalist
C.   feminist
D.   symbolic interactionist
Question #108
Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges?
A.   Capitalism
B.   Mercantilism
C.   Mutualism
D.   Communism
Question #109
Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism?
A.   Heidimarie Scwermer
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Karl Marx
D.   Adam Smith
E.   Bernie Sanders
Question #110
Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?
A.   Sharecropper
B.   Children's Book Author
C.   Coal Miner
D.   Software Engineer
Question #111
A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?
A.   Structural Interactionism
B.   Symbolic Interactionism
C.   Conflict Theory
D.   Functionalism
Question #112
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Ani is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.
A.   Social control
B.   Social placement
C.   Socialization
D.   Cultural innovation

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