Soc 101 - Introduction to Sociology » Fall 2022 » Final Exam

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Question #1
If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.
A.   Framing
B.   Value-added
C.   Resource mobilization
D.   New social movement
Question #2
What does carrying capacity refer to?
A.   The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment
B.   The capacity for globalism within a given ethnic group
C.   The ability of a community to welcome new immigrants
D.   The amount of weight that urban centers can bear if vertical growth is mandated
Question #3
What is the approximate median age of the United States? (as of 2010, according to your textbook)
A.   43
B.   37
C.   85
D.   65
Question #4
Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.
A.   In early adolescence
B.   In late adulthood
C.   In early adulthood
D.   At infancy
Question #5
What is the primary driver of modernization theory?
A.   Aging
B.   Conflict
C.   Interactions
D.   Industrialization
Question #6
Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?
A.   The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses
B.   The Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family’s land for centuries
C.   The Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production and trade of textiles
D.   The Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family
Question #7
Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?
A.   Donald Trump
B.   David Cameron
C.   Qaboos bin Said Al Said
D.   Kim Jong-Un
Question #8
As a White person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:
A.   intersection theory
B.   White privilege
C.   conflict theory
D.   scapegoating theory
Question #9
Which of the types of framing explains what needs to be done once you've agreed with and believe in the other two frames?
A.   Interactive framing
B.   Diagnostic framing
C.   Motivational framing
D.   Prognostic framing
Question #10
Many constitutional monarchies started out as:
A.   dictatorships
B.   democracies
C.   oligarchies
D.   absolute monarchies
Question #11
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
A.   Blood type
B.   Gender
C.   Race
D.   Class
Question #12
Which of the following type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?
A.   Neglect
B.   Physical abuse
C.   Verbal mistreatment
D.   Shaken-baby syndrome
Question #13
Which of the types of framing state the problem in a clear understood way?
A.   Interactive framing
B.   Motivational framing
C.   Prognostic framing
D.   Diagnostic framing
Question #14
Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?
A.   Queen/King of England
B.   President of the US
C.   North Korean leader
D.   British Prime Minister
Question #15
The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory?
A.   Symbolic Interactionism
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Functionalism
D.   Feminist Theory
Question #16
Anita and Martin are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families, the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney’s host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodney on both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved, men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:
A.   Ethnocentrism
B.   Xenocentrism
C.   Imperialism
D.   Culture Shock
Question #17
According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, which of the following family types lead to children growing up with more advantages?
A.   a single parent
B.   a divorced parent
C.   a grandparent
D.   married parents
Question #18
Which of the following types of social movements seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure?
A.   Religious/redemptive movements
B.   Reform movements
C.   Alternative movements
D.   Revolutionary movements
E.   Resistance movements
Question #19
Which is not an example of a normative organization?
A.   A study hall
B.   A book club
C.   A PETA protest group
D.   A church youth group
Question #20
In Erik Erikson’s developmental stages of life, with which challenge must older people struggle?
A.   Overcoming role confusion to achieve identity
B.   Overcoming shame to achieve autonomy
C.   Overcoming despair to achieve integrity
D.   Overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy
Question #21
Which of the following describes the value-added theory?
A.   an idea that explains the noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage
B.   an idea for understanding collective behavior that credits individuals in crowds as rational beings and refocuses attention from collective behavior to collective action
C.   the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur and each condition adds to the likelihood that it will occur
D.   the idea that people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their individual set of norms, which may change as the crowd experience evolves
Question #22
Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?
A.   Socialization
B.   Courtship
C.   Cultural innovation
D.   Social placement
Question #23
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.
A.   Hidden curriculum 
B.   Affirmative action
C.   Social control
D.   Social promotion
Question #24
Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?
A.   Immigration Reform and Control Act
B.   Operation Wetback
C.   SB 1070
D.   The Bracero Program
Question #25
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?
A.   Teacher interest
B.   Student interest
C.   Transportation
D.   Resources and money
Question #26
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________.
A.   students do not have a right to free speech in public schools
B.   students have a right to free speech in public schools
C.   separate schools for Black and White students were unconstitutional
D.   racial segregation in schools was allowed
Question #27
What does cornucopian theory believe?
A.   That new diseases will always keep populations stable
B.   That the earth will naturally provide enough for whatever number of humans exist
C.   That the greatest risk is population reduction, not population growth
D.   That human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates
Question #28
According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?
A.   A mechanic
B.   A professor
C.   A senator
D.   A war veteran
Question #29
In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed donuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable?
A.   The boys
B.   The duration of a week
C.   The doughnuts
D.   The weight gained
Question #30
One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.
A.   Positive sanctions
B.   Deviance
C.   Informal sanctions
D.   Formal sanctions
Question #31
What term describes the separation of students based on merit?
A.   Hidden curriculum
B.   Social control
C.   Cultural transmission
D.   Sorting
Question #32
Which of the following theorists stress that family is not objective, but rather a symbol for a biological or emotional connection to a child?
A.   Functionalists
B.   Symbolic interactionists
C.   Conflict theorists
D.   Feminists
Question #33
Informal education _________________.
A.   only takes place at home
B.   refers to the learning of cultural norms
C.   describes when students teach their peers
D.   relies on a planned instructional process
Question #34
A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student’s actions are an example of _________.
A.   Master deviance
B.   Positive deviance
C.   Primary deviance
D.   Secondary deviance
Question #35
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Alienation
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Max Weber
C.   Karl Marx
Question #36
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Class Consciousness
A.   Emile Durkheim
B.   Max Weber
C.   Karl Marx
Question #37
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Functionalism
A.   Karl Marx
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Max Weber
Question #38
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Iron Cage
A.   Max Weber
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Karl Marx
Question #39
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Conflict Theory
A.   Karl Marx
B.   Max Weber
C.   Emile Durkheim
Question #40
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Rationalization
A.   Max Weber
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Emile Durkheim
Question #41
Match the following Sociological perspectives to the Sociologist : Solidarity
A.   Karl Marx
B.   Emile Durkheim
C.   Max Weber
Question #42
When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?
A.   Population growth
B.   Medical advances
C.   Genetically engineered food
D.   The internet
Question #43
Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?
A.   Wealthy parents are not concerned about their children rebelling against their rules.
B.   Wealthy parents never engage in repetitive tasks.
C.   Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment.
D.   Wealthy parents are more concerned with money than with a good education.
Question #44
Which of the following types of social movements seek to change every aspect of society?
A.   Alternative movements
B.   Resistance movements
C.   Reform movements
D.   Religious/redemptive movements
E.   Revolutionary movements
Question #45
Which of the following is true about IPV?
A.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. IPV against LGBTQ people is generally lower than it is against non-LGBTQ people 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
B.   About 1 in 7 men report having experienced physical violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime IPV against LGBTQ people is generally lower than it is against non-LGBTQ people 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
C.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. About 1 in 5 women are victims of IPV. About 1 in 7 men report having experienced physical violence from an intimate partner in their lifetime
D.   About 1 in 12 men have experienced contact sexual violence by an intimate partner. About 1 in 5 women are victims of IPV. 10% of women and 2% of men report having been stalked by an intimate partner.
Question #46
Which of the following describes a stable state in which all parts of a healthy society work together properly?
A.   Dynamic Equilibrium
B.   Constructive Society
C.   Antipositivist society
D.   Figuration
Question #47
Which of the following types of social movements seek to change something specific about the social structure?
A.   Religious/redemptive movements
B.   Resistance movements
C.   Alternative movements
D.   Reform movements
E.   Revolutionary movements
Question #48
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory?
A.   Disengagement
B.   Age stratification
C.   Modernization
D.   Conflict
Question #49
Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment?
A.   Having been abusive as a younger adult
B.   Bereavement due to widowhood
C.   The ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors
D.   Being frail to the point of dependency on care
Question #50
The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ______.
A.   disengagement
B.   cohort
C.   sex ratio
D.   gender ratio
Question #51
To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?
A.   Conflict theory
B.   Feminist theory
C.   Symbolic interactionism
D.   Functionalism
Question #52
Stereotypes can be based on...
A.   Race
B.   None of these
C.   Gender
D.   Ethnicity
E.   Age
F.   All of these
Question #53
Which of the following theorists determined that there are four universal residual functions of a family: sexual, reproductive, educational, and economic?
A.   Symbolic interactionists
B.   Conflict theorists
C.   Feminists
D.   Functionalists
Question #54
Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?
A.   Repurposed into new electronics
B.   Incinerators
C.   Recycled in peripheral nations
D.   Dumped into ocean repositories
Question #55
Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is ______.
A.   the same as that of the general population
B.   lower than at any point in history
C.   increasing
D.   decreasing
Question #56
Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States?
A.   They were forced out of their homes
B.   The tea costed less there
C.   For a better life and to escape oppression
D.   They were escaping genocide
Question #57
Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?
A.   It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family.
B.   It is not based on comprehensive research.
C.   It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior.
D.   It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
Question #58
In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?
A.   Charismatic
B.   Dictorial
C.   Legal-rational
D.   Traditional
Question #59
Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change?
A.   Technology can be traced back to the early stages of human society.
B.   A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.
C.   Technology and the media evolve together.
D.   Technology should not be subject to patenting.
Question #60
Socialization as a sociological term describes…
A.   How people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values
B.   a person's internal mental state when in a group setting
C.   the difference between introverts and extroverts
D.   How people interact during social situations
Question #61
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?
A.   They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
B.   They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence.
C.   They don’t involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences.
D.   They are scored in a way that is subject to human error.
Question #62
Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?
A.   None of these
B.   Peers serve as a support system for children who wish to act outside of their assigned gender roles.
C.   Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.
D.   Children can act however they wish around their peers because children are unaware of gender roles.
Question #63
According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we “do gender”:
A.   during half of our activities
B.   only if we are actively following gender roles
C.   all of the time, in everything we do
D.   only when they apply to our biological sex
Question #64
Which statement best explains the meaning of “one person, one vote”?
A.   One person should not be allowed to vote twice
B.   A voter deserves one chance to vote
C.   All people's votes should count equally.
D.   A voter should vote only once a year
Question #65
What is discrimination?
A.   Another word for stereotyping
B.   Belief that a race different from yours is inferior
C.   Biased actions against an individual or group
D.   Biased thoughts against an individual or group
Question #66
Which of these is an example of a commodity?
A.   All of these
B.   A book, blog entry, or magazine article
C.   A restaurant meal
D.   A college lecture
E.   Corn
Question #67
Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?
A.   Segregation
B.   Explusion
C.   Genocide
D.   Assimilation
Question #68
The process of simultaneously analyzing individual behavior and the society that shaped that behavior
A.   Culture
B.   Society
C.   Sociology
D.   Figuration
Question #69
An awareness of the relationship between a person’s behavior and experience and the wider culture and society that shaped a person’s choices and perceptions
A.   Social Facts
B.   Figuration
C.   Sociology
D.   Sociological Imagination
Question #70
A group of people who have come together for a common purpose (politics, education, economy, family, religion, etc.)
A.   Culture
B.   Social Institutions
C.   Society
D.   Sociology
Question #71
The laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and cultural rules that govern a social life
A.   Sociology
B.   Social Facts
C.   Culture
D.   Figuration
Question #72
The scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies and social interactions from small and personal groups to very large groups
A.   Sociology
B.   Sociological Imagination
C.   Social Institutions
D.   Society
Question #73
A group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture
A.   Social Institutions
B.   Sociology
C.   Social Facts
D.   Society
Question #74
A group’s shared practices, values, and beliefs that contribute to a group’s way of life
A.   Sociology
B.   Society
C.   Figuration
D.   Culture
Question #75
The term ¬_______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.
A.   Sexual attitudes
B.   Sexual orientation
C.   Gender role
D.   Gender bias
Question #76
Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?
A.   Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.
B.   All of these
C.   Women are typically shorter than men.
D.   Men hold more high-earning, leadership jobs than women.
Question #77
Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?
A.   Feminist Theory
B.   Symbolic Interactionism
C.   Functionalism
D.   Conflict Theory
Question #78
Suppose an older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______ theory.
A.   activity
B.   continuity
C.   disengagement
D.   gerotranscendence
Question #79
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?
A.   Conflict theory
B.   Feminist theory
C.   Symbolic interactionism
D.   Functionalist theory
Question #80
Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as an example of:
A.   Bilingualism
B.   Culture lag
C.   Ethnographic imagery
D.   Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Question #81
Which of the following describes racism embedded in social institutions?
A.   Institutional racism, Structural racism, and Intersectional racism
B.   Institutional racism, Structural racism, and Systematic racism
C.   Institutional racism, Intersectional racism, and Systematic racism
D.   Intersectional racism, Structural racism, and Systematic racism
Question #82
What is a disadvantage of the McDonaldization of society?
A.   There is less variety of goods.
B.   There are fewer jobs so unemployment increases.
C.   There is an increased need for employees with postgraduate degrees.
D.   There is less competition so prices are higher.
Question #83
What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society?
A.   Money
B.   Computer
C.   Electricity
D.   Information
Question #84
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
A.   Men often earn more than women, even working the same job
B.   Teacher continue to struggle to keep benefits such as health insurance
C.   After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck shop than a French restaurant
D.   Doctors earn more money because their job is more highly valued
Question #85
A nation’s flag is a…
A.   All of these
B.   Symbol
C.   Culture
D.   Value
Question #86
Which of the following is the best research method to use for a sensitive topic?
A.   Case studies
B.   Mixed methods survey and interview
C.   Interviews
D.   Surveys
Question #87
What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city?
A.   All of these
B.   Good environment with water and a favorable climate
C.   Advanced agricultural technology
D.   Strong social organization
Question #88
Current divorce rates are:
A.   steadily increasing
B.   at an all-time high
C.   steadily declining
D.   at an all-time low
Question #89
Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
A.   Following a schedule
B.   Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
C.   Learning to read and write
D.   Knowing locker room etiquette
Question #90
Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?
A.   George H. Mead
B.   G. William Domhoff
C.   C. Wright Mills
D.   Karl Marx
Question #91
According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?
A.   Sexual safety without promoting abstinence
B.   Abstinence only
C.   Abstinence plus sexual safety
D.   No sex education
Question #92
The terms “masculine” and “feminine” refer to a person’s _________.
A.   Gender
B.   Sex
C.   Both sex and gender
D.   None of the above
Question #93
Which country serves as an example of convergence?
A.   North Korea
B.   Singapore
C.   Canada
D.   England
Question #94
When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true?
A.   Technology created media, but society has nothing to do with these.
B.   Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated.
C.   Media can influence technology, but not society.
D.   Society influences media but is not connected to technology.
Question #95
Sociologists tend to define family in terms of
A.   the connection of bloodlines
B.   how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
C.   how closely members adhere to social norms
D.   the status roles that exist in a family structure
Question #96
A woman being married to two men would be an example of:
A.   cohabitation
B.   polyandry
C.   monogamy
D.   polygyny
Question #97
Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?
A.   A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
B.   One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens’ basic rights
C.   People vote to elect officials.
D.   A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate.
Question #98
Suppose an older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim every day. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ______ theory.
A.   activity
B.   continuity
C.   disengagement
D.   gerotranscendence
Question #99
Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?
A.   Going shopping with a friend
B.   A class going on a field trip
C.   A group of people interested in hearing an author speak
D.   A soldier questioning orders
Question #100
Which of the following describes the emergent norm theory?
A.   the idea that people perceive and respond to the crowd situation with their individual set of norms, which may change as the crowd experience evolves
B.   the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur and each condition adds to the likelihood that it will occur
C.   an idea for understanding collective behavior that credits individuals in crowds as rational beings and refocuses attention from collective behavior to collective action
D.   an idea that explains the noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage
Question #101
Scapegoat theory shows that:
A.   subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems
B.   dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems
C.   some people are predisposed to prejudice
D.   all of these
Question #102
Ethnicity describes shared
A.   Language, Traditions, Religion, and Beliefs
B.   Geographical location, Traditions, and Beliefs
C.   Geographical location, Religion, and Beliefs
D.   Language, Traditions, Religion, and Geographical location
Question #103
Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.
A.   Melting pot
B.   Separate but equal
C.   Salad bowl
D.   Statue of Liberty
Question #104
What is not a negative outcome of shoreline dredging?
A.   Death of marine life
B.   Reduction of human population
C.   Damaged coral reefs
D.   Ruined sea grass beds
Question #105
Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?
A.   Authority is more subtle than power.
B.   Authority involves intimidation.
C.   Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
D.   Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.
Question #106
The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________.
A.   access to education
B.   average spending on students
C.   teacher salary
D.   desegregation of schools
Question #107
Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.
A.   conflict theory
B.   feminist
C.   symbolic interactionist
D.   functionalist
Question #108
Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges?
A.   Mercantilism
B.   Capitalism
C.   Mutualism
D.   Communism
Question #109
Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism?
A.   Adam Smith
B.   Karl Marx
C.   Heidimarie Scwermer
D.   Emile Durkheim
E.   Bernie Sanders
Question #110
Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?
A.   Children's Book Author
B.   Software Engineer
C.   Coal Miner
D.   Sharecropper
Question #111
A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?
A.   Structural Interactionism
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Functionalism
D.   Symbolic Interactionism
Question #112
Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Ani is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.
A.   Cultural innovation
B.   Socialization
C.   Social control
D.   Social placement

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