Soc 348 - Juvenile Delinquency » Fall 2022 » Quiz 4
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Question #1
Individuals, caught in a normative vacuum between the remote state and unscrupulous individualism, are likely to commit
A.
Fatalistic suicide.
B.
Anomic suicide.
C.
Altruistic suicide.
D.
Egoistic suicide.
Question #2
Those corporate or governmental bureaucrats who give up their hope for further upward mobility and desire only to get through their days until retirement are called
A.
Innovators.
B.
Rebels.
C.
Retreatists.
D.
Ritualists.
Question #3
According to Shaw, anomie can take place in two forms:
A.
Lack of interest and disappointment.
B.
Normlessness and actualization.
C.
Victimization and frustration.
D.
Moral confusion and frustration.
Question #4
Which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
As means, substance use may be instituted as a routine defense mechanism against disappointment, frustration, and strain.
B.
As means, substance may be used to treat and uproot anomie.
C.
As opportunity, substance use may be attempted to escape from active social functioning.
D.
As resource, substance may be used to achieve material success.
Question #5
According to pathway arguments,
A.
All of these.
B.
They then proceed to light drugs, such as marijuana.
C.
They later progress hard drugs, such as heroine and cocaine.
D.
Users begin with legal substances, such as alcohol and tobacco.
Question #6
Addiction career postulates that
A.
Substance use breaks out at youth.
B.
Substance use stabilizes through adulthood.
C.
Substance use regresses in the senior stage.
D.
None of these.
Question #7
According to Shaw, which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
Coffee, alcohol, and cigarettes are usually consumed by people of all ages.
B.
Licit or illicit drugs and habitual use are mostly associated with adolescents.
C.
Over-the-counter drugs and dependent use are mostly associated with seniors.
D.
Light drugs and nasal use are mostly associated with youngsters.
Question #8
According to Shaw, stages of substance use include:
A.
Initiation, experimentation, habituation and maturation.
B.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, escalation, problematic behavior, and cessation.
C.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, casual use, habitual use, dependency, and stoppage.
D.
Initiation, experimentation, use, abstinence, relapse, and stoppage.
Question #9
Which branch of Marxist criminology points out that the rule of law powerfully conditions the range of possible responses from legal and political authorities?
A.
Feminist Marxism.
B.
Instrumental Marxism.
C.
Structural Marxism.
D.
Dialectic Marxism.
Question #10
Which of the following theories recognizes that the poor and the disenfranchised are not only abused by the capitalist system, but also are victimized by street criminals from their own class?
A.
Abortionist and anarchist criminology.
B.
Peacemaking criminology.
C.
Radical feminism.
D.
Left realism.
Question #11
According to Shaw, substance use relates to conflict in all of the following ways, except,
A.
Camouflages conflict.
B.
Intensifies conflict.
C.
Brings conflict into closure.
D.
Expresses conflict.
Question #12
As victims in social confrontation, substance users may be called incorrigible, incurable, and helpless addicts and junkies by which of the following groups to mask their own professional incompetency?
A.
Cultural critics
B.
Doctors, nurses, and counselors.
C.
Church leaders.
D.
School teachers.
Question #13
Which one of the following groups is likely to engage in passive deviance?
A.
Protestors.
B.
Revolutionaries.
C.
Drug addicts.
D.
Street criminals.
Question #14
Shaw discusses all of the following functions, except
A.
Short-term versus long-term functions.
B.
Manifest versus latent functions.
C.
Material versus moral functions.
D.
Organic versus inorganic functions.
Question #15
According to Shaw, which one of the following do Coca-cola and polydrug use serve for people in other parts of the world to identify Americans and the American lifestyle?
A.
An opportunity.
B.
A common language.
C.
A specific symbol.
D.
An excuse.
Question #16
According to Shaw, substances manifest their functions in all of the following ways, except
A.
As crops to grow.
B.
As merchandises to trade.
C.
As objects to worship.
D.
As products to process.
Question #17
Which of the following is to punish known criminals so that they will never repeat their offenses?
A.
Incapacitation.
B.
Specific deterrence.
C.
Situational crime prevention.
D.
General deterrence.
Question #18
The three variables that critically pertain to the effect of deterrence are:
A.
Rehabilitation, resocialization, and reintegration.
B.
Certainty, severity, and celerity.
C.
Education, reward, and encouragement.
D.
Control, punishment, and isolation.
Question #19
According to Shaw, people in contemporary society make their choices in substance use in accordance with all of the following, except
A.
Tradition
B.
Fashions favored by fellow citizens.
C.
Knowledge.
D.
Vogues presented by mass media.
Question #20
According to Shaw, rationality can be anchored to different bases. Those bases are:
A.
Goal, tradition, value, and affection.
B.
Goal, convention, norm, and vogue.
C.
Means, convention, law and emotion.
D.
Means, tradition, emotion and fashion.
Question #21
Hirschi identifies four types of social bonds. They are:
A.
Association, identification, reinforcement, and integration.
B.
Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
C.
Attachment, regulation, involvement, and commitment.
D.
Regulation, association, involvement, and identification.
Question #22
Across the globe, drug use is usually higher in affluent, liberal, democratic, Western, and capitalist nations than in indigent, conservative, authoritarian, Eastern, and social countries. According to Shaw, the difference is due to
A.
Social control.
B.
Subculture.
C.
Social conflict.
D.
Rational choice
Question #23
Shaw explores two dimensional of control. They are:
A.
Attachment and regulation.
B.
Primary control and institutional control.
C.
External control and internal control.
D.
Material control and spiritual control.
Question #24
According to the ecological model, which of the following zones bears most of the bruises and wounds of urban social change?
A.
Commuter zone.
B.
Transition zone.
C.
Residential zone.
D.
Downtown business zone.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs developed an analysis of the ecological distribution of delinquency?
A.
W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki.
B.
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay.
C.
Robert Park and Ernest Burgess.
D.
Marshall Clinard and Daniel Abbott.
Question #26
According to Shaw, change leading to social disorganization can take place in all of the following forms, except
A.
Developmental change.
B.
Immigration.
C.
Environmental change.
D.
Migration.
Question #27
According to Shaw, social disorganization may lead to all of the following, except
A.
System reorganization.
B.
System equilibrium.
C.
System demise.
D.
Institutionalized disorganization
Question #28
Which of the following scholars argues that a person becomes delinquent when he or she acquires an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?
A.
Howard Becker.
B.
Edwin Sutherland.
C.
Daniel Glaser.
D.
David Matza.
Question #29
Techniques of neutralization include all of the following, except
A.
Denial of injury.
B.
Condemning the condemner.
C.
Counterpride display.
D.
Appeal to higher loyalty.
Question #30
According to Shaw, modes of learning deals with
A.
Motive versus technique.
B.
Nature versus nurture.
C.
Association versus identification.
D.
Interest versus experience.
Question #31
According to Shaw, contingencies of learning regard
A.
Reinforcement versus punishment.
B.
Motive versus technique.
C.
Interest versus experience.
D.
Subculture versus social atmosphere.
Question #32
Frank Tannenbaum discovered a gradual shift from the definition to the specific acts as evil to a definition of the individual as evil. He called it:
A.
Tagging.
B.
Labeling.
C.
Secondary deviation
D.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
Question #33
John, who is recently released from a two-year term in a juvenile hall, is involved in an armed bank robbery. According to Edwin Lemert, John
A.
Primary deviation.
B.
Forced reaction.
C.
Secondary deviation.
D.
Natural progression in criminal career.
Question #34
According to Shaw, primary substance use takes place
A.
Before use is identified and the user is labeled.
B.
When users are recognized as specific types of users.
C.
When users perceive themselves as specific classes of users.
D.
When users behave themselves as specific types of users.
Question #35
Shaw explores the social-individual interaction in substance use and abuse in terms of all the following, except
A.
Relabeling.
B.
Antilabeling.
C.
Delabeling.
D.
Labeling.
Question #36
According to Albert Cohen, which of the following groups are most likely to engage in non-utilitarian activities to expressively fire off their hostility toward middle-class values?
A.
Delinquent boys.
B.
College boys.
C.
Runaway boys.
D.
Corner boys.
Question #37
A.
Violence, abuse, neglect, unemployment, separation, and death.
B.
Appearance, status, work, leisure, money, and life.
C.
Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, luck, and autonomy.
D.
Food, drugs, cars, jewelry, clothes, and shelter.
Question #38
Within the substance use subculture, established substance users do all of the following, except
A.
They maintain, expand, and update use-related knowledge, technology, and skills
B.
They keep their new knowledge, skills, and sentiments away from new, young, and inexperienced users.
C.
They deal with physical, psychological, and medical problems resulting from use.
D.
They invent, guard, and employ specific tools, procedures, and facilities.
Question #39
Which one of the following does not exemplify
A.
Homosexuals and prostitutes take methamphetamine to enhance their sexual performance.
B.
Homeless people swallow speed to stay awake.
C.
AIDS patients smoke marijuana to relieve pain.
D.
Drug agents bust a cocaine ring in their undercover operation.
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