Soc 348 - Juvenile Delinquency » Fall 2022 » Quiz 4
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Question #1
Individuals, caught in a normative vacuum between the remote state and unscrupulous individualism, are likely to commit
A.
Altruistic suicide.
B.
Egoistic suicide.
C.
Fatalistic suicide.
D.
Anomic suicide.
Question #2
Those corporate or governmental bureaucrats who give up their hope for further upward mobility and desire only to get through their days until retirement are called
A.
Ritualists.
B.
Rebels.
C.
Retreatists.
D.
Innovators.
Question #3
According to Shaw, anomie can take place in two forms:
A.
Moral confusion and frustration.
B.
Normlessness and actualization.
C.
Victimization and frustration.
D.
Lack of interest and disappointment.
Question #4
Which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
As opportunity, substance use may be attempted to escape from active social functioning.
B.
As means, substance may be used to treat and uproot anomie.
C.
As resource, substance may be used to achieve material success.
D.
As means, substance use may be instituted as a routine defense mechanism against disappointment, frustration, and strain.
Question #5
According to pathway arguments,
A.
All of these.
B.
They then proceed to light drugs, such as marijuana.
C.
They later progress hard drugs, such as heroine and cocaine.
D.
Users begin with legal substances, such as alcohol and tobacco.
Question #6
Addiction career postulates that
A.
Substance use breaks out at youth.
B.
None of these.
C.
Substance use regresses in the senior stage.
D.
Substance use stabilizes through adulthood.
Question #7
According to Shaw, which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
Coffee, alcohol, and cigarettes are usually consumed by people of all ages.
B.
Over-the-counter drugs and dependent use are mostly associated with seniors.
C.
Light drugs and nasal use are mostly associated with youngsters.
D.
Licit or illicit drugs and habitual use are mostly associated with adolescents.
Question #8
According to Shaw, stages of substance use include:
A.
Initiation, experimentation, habituation and maturation.
B.
Initiation, experimentation, use, abstinence, relapse, and stoppage.
C.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, casual use, habitual use, dependency, and stoppage.
D.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, escalation, problematic behavior, and cessation.
Question #9
Which branch of Marxist criminology points out that the rule of law powerfully conditions the range of possible responses from legal and political authorities?
A.
Feminist Marxism.
B.
Instrumental Marxism.
C.
Structural Marxism.
D.
Dialectic Marxism.
Question #10
Which of the following theories recognizes that the poor and the disenfranchised are not only abused by the capitalist system, but also are victimized by street criminals from their own class?
A.
Radical feminism.
B.
Abortionist and anarchist criminology.
C.
Left realism.
D.
Peacemaking criminology.
Question #11
According to Shaw, substance use relates to conflict in all of the following ways, except,
A.
Camouflages conflict.
B.
Brings conflict into closure.
C.
Expresses conflict.
D.
Intensifies conflict.
Question #12
As victims in social confrontation, substance users may be called incorrigible, incurable, and helpless addicts and junkies by which of the following groups to mask their own professional incompetency?
A.
School teachers.
B.
Cultural critics
C.
Doctors, nurses, and counselors.
D.
Church leaders.
Question #13
Which one of the following groups is likely to engage in passive deviance?
A.
Protestors.
B.
Drug addicts.
C.
Street criminals.
D.
Revolutionaries.
Question #14
Shaw discusses all of the following functions, except
A.
Organic versus inorganic functions.
B.
Manifest versus latent functions.
C.
Material versus moral functions.
D.
Short-term versus long-term functions.
Question #15
According to Shaw, which one of the following do Coca-cola and polydrug use serve for people in other parts of the world to identify Americans and the American lifestyle?
A.
An excuse.
B.
A specific symbol.
C.
A common language.
D.
An opportunity.
Question #16
According to Shaw, substances manifest their functions in all of the following ways, except
A.
As objects to worship.
B.
As crops to grow.
C.
As merchandises to trade.
D.
As products to process.
Question #17
Which of the following is to punish known criminals so that they will never repeat their offenses?
A.
Specific deterrence.
B.
Situational crime prevention.
C.
General deterrence.
D.
Incapacitation.
Question #18
The three variables that critically pertain to the effect of deterrence are:
A.
Education, reward, and encouragement.
B.
Control, punishment, and isolation.
C.
Rehabilitation, resocialization, and reintegration.
D.
Certainty, severity, and celerity.
Question #19
According to Shaw, people in contemporary society make their choices in substance use in accordance with all of the following, except
A.
Tradition
B.
Vogues presented by mass media.
C.
Knowledge.
D.
Fashions favored by fellow citizens.
Question #20
According to Shaw, rationality can be anchored to different bases. Those bases are:
A.
Goal, convention, norm, and vogue.
B.
Means, convention, law and emotion.
C.
Means, tradition, emotion and fashion.
D.
Goal, tradition, value, and affection.
Question #21
Hirschi identifies four types of social bonds. They are:
A.
Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
B.
Association, identification, reinforcement, and integration.
C.
Attachment, regulation, involvement, and commitment.
D.
Regulation, association, involvement, and identification.
Question #22
Across the globe, drug use is usually higher in affluent, liberal, democratic, Western, and capitalist nations than in indigent, conservative, authoritarian, Eastern, and social countries. According to Shaw, the difference is due to
A.
Subculture.
B.
Rational choice
C.
Social control.
D.
Social conflict.
Question #23
Shaw explores two dimensional of control. They are:
A.
Material control and spiritual control.
B.
Primary control and institutional control.
C.
Attachment and regulation.
D.
External control and internal control.
Question #24
According to the ecological model, which of the following zones bears most of the bruises and wounds of urban social change?
A.
Commuter zone.
B.
Residential zone.
C.
Transition zone.
D.
Downtown business zone.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs developed an analysis of the ecological distribution of delinquency?
A.
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay.
B.
Marshall Clinard and Daniel Abbott.
C.
Robert Park and Ernest Burgess.
D.
W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki.
Question #26
According to Shaw, change leading to social disorganization can take place in all of the following forms, except
A.
Developmental change.
B.
Migration.
C.
Immigration.
D.
Environmental change.
Question #27
According to Shaw, social disorganization may lead to all of the following, except
A.
Institutionalized disorganization
B.
System equilibrium.
C.
System reorganization.
D.
System demise.
Question #28
Which of the following scholars argues that a person becomes delinquent when he or she acquires an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?
A.
Howard Becker.
B.
Edwin Sutherland.
C.
David Matza.
D.
Daniel Glaser.
Question #29
Techniques of neutralization include all of the following, except
A.
Appeal to higher loyalty.
B.
Condemning the condemner.
C.
Denial of injury.
D.
Counterpride display.
Question #30
According to Shaw, modes of learning deals with
A.
Motive versus technique.
B.
Association versus identification.
C.
Interest versus experience.
D.
Nature versus nurture.
Question #31
According to Shaw, contingencies of learning regard
A.
Motive versus technique.
B.
Interest versus experience.
C.
Subculture versus social atmosphere.
D.
Reinforcement versus punishment.
Question #32
Frank Tannenbaum discovered a gradual shift from the definition to the specific acts as evil to a definition of the individual as evil. He called it:
A.
Secondary deviation
B.
Tagging.
C.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
D.
Labeling.
Question #33
John, who is recently released from a two-year term in a juvenile hall, is involved in an armed bank robbery. According to Edwin Lemert, John
A.
Primary deviation.
B.
Secondary deviation.
C.
Natural progression in criminal career.
D.
Forced reaction.
Question #34
According to Shaw, primary substance use takes place
A.
When users behave themselves as specific types of users.
B.
Before use is identified and the user is labeled.
C.
When users are recognized as specific types of users.
D.
When users perceive themselves as specific classes of users.
Question #35
Shaw explores the social-individual interaction in substance use and abuse in terms of all the following, except
A.
Relabeling.
B.
Labeling.
C.
Antilabeling.
D.
Delabeling.
Question #36
According to Albert Cohen, which of the following groups are most likely to engage in non-utilitarian activities to expressively fire off their hostility toward middle-class values?
A.
College boys.
B.
Delinquent boys.
C.
Runaway boys.
D.
Corner boys.
Question #37
Walter Miller identifies six focal concerns among youths who grow up in lower-class environments. They are:
A.
Appearance, status, work, leisure, money, and life.
B.
Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, luck, and autonomy.
C.
Violence, abuse, neglect, unemployment, separation, and death.
D.
Food, drugs, cars, jewelry, clothes, and shelter.
Question #38
Within the substance use subculture, established substance users do all of the following, except
A.
They keep their new knowledge, skills, and sentiments away from new, young, and inexperienced users.
B.
They deal with physical, psychological, and medical problems resulting from use.
C.
They invent, guard, and employ specific tools, procedures, and facilities.
D.
They maintain, expand, and update use-related knowledge, technology, and skills
Question #39
Which one of the following does not exemplify
A.
Drug agents bust a cocaine ring in their undercover operation.
B.
Homeless people swallow speed to stay awake.
C.
AIDS patients smoke marijuana to relieve pain.
D.
Homosexuals and prostitutes take methamphetamine to enhance their sexual performance.
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