Soc 348 - Juvenile Delinquency » Fall 2022 » Quiz 4
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Question #1
Individuals, caught in a normative vacuum between the remote state and unscrupulous individualism, are likely to commit
A.
Fatalistic suicide.
B.
Anomic suicide.
C.
Altruistic suicide.
D.
Egoistic suicide.
Question #2
Those corporate or governmental bureaucrats who give up their hope for further upward mobility and desire only to get through their days until retirement are called
A.
Rebels.
B.
Innovators.
C.
Ritualists.
D.
Retreatists.
Question #3
According to Shaw, anomie can take place in two forms:
A.
Victimization and frustration.
B.
Moral confusion and frustration.
C.
Lack of interest and disappointment.
D.
Normlessness and actualization.
Question #4
Which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
As resource, substance may be used to achieve material success.
B.
As means, substance may be used to treat and uproot anomie.
C.
As opportunity, substance use may be attempted to escape from active social functioning.
D.
As means, substance use may be instituted as a routine defense mechanism against disappointment, frustration, and strain.
Question #5
According to pathway arguments,
A.
Users begin with legal substances, such as alcohol and tobacco.
B.
They then proceed to light drugs, such as marijuana.
C.
They later progress hard drugs, such as heroine and cocaine.
D.
All of these.
Question #6
Addiction career postulates that
A.
Substance use regresses in the senior stage.
B.
Substance use breaks out at youth.
C.
Substance use stabilizes through adulthood.
D.
None of these.
Question #7
According to Shaw, which one of the following is NOT true?
A.
Licit or illicit drugs and habitual use are mostly associated with adolescents.
B.
Light drugs and nasal use are mostly associated with youngsters.
C.
Coffee, alcohol, and cigarettes are usually consumed by people of all ages.
D.
Over-the-counter drugs and dependent use are mostly associated with seniors.
Question #8
According to Shaw, stages of substance use include:
A.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, casual use, habitual use, dependency, and stoppage.
B.
Initiation, experimentation, use, abstinence, relapse, and stoppage.
C.
Initiation, experimentation, habituation and maturation.
D.
Nonuse, initiation, experimentation, escalation, problematic behavior, and cessation.
Question #9
Which branch of Marxist criminology points out that the rule of law powerfully conditions the range of possible responses from legal and political authorities?
A.
Dialectic Marxism.
B.
Feminist Marxism.
C.
Structural Marxism.
D.
Instrumental Marxism.
Question #10
Which of the following theories recognizes that the poor and the disenfranchised are not only abused by the capitalist system, but also are victimized by street criminals from their own class?
A.
Abortionist and anarchist criminology.
B.
Left realism.
C.
Peacemaking criminology.
D.
Radical feminism.
Question #11
According to Shaw, substance use relates to conflict in all of the following ways, except,
A.
Camouflages conflict.
B.
Intensifies conflict.
C.
Brings conflict into closure.
D.
Expresses conflict.
Question #12
As victims in social confrontation, substance users may be called incorrigible, incurable, and helpless addicts and junkies by which of the following groups to mask their own professional incompetency?
A.
Cultural critics
B.
School teachers.
C.
Doctors, nurses, and counselors.
D.
Church leaders.
Question #13
Which one of the following groups is likely to engage in passive deviance?
A.
Revolutionaries.
B.
Drug addicts.
C.
Protestors.
D.
Street criminals.
Question #14
Shaw discusses all of the following functions, except
A.
Organic versus inorganic functions.
B.
Material versus moral functions.
C.
Manifest versus latent functions.
D.
Short-term versus long-term functions.
Question #15
According to Shaw, which one of the following do Coca-cola and polydrug use serve for people in other parts of the world to identify Americans and the American lifestyle?
A.
A common language.
B.
An excuse.
C.
A specific symbol.
D.
An opportunity.
Question #16
According to Shaw, substances manifest their functions in all of the following ways, except
A.
As crops to grow.
B.
As products to process.
C.
As merchandises to trade.
D.
As objects to worship.
Question #17
Which of the following is to punish known criminals so that they will never repeat their offenses?
A.
Specific deterrence.
B.
Incapacitation.
C.
Situational crime prevention.
D.
General deterrence.
Question #18
The three variables that critically pertain to the effect of deterrence are:
A.
Rehabilitation, resocialization, and reintegration.
B.
Certainty, severity, and celerity.
C.
Control, punishment, and isolation.
D.
Education, reward, and encouragement.
Question #19
According to Shaw, people in contemporary society make their choices in substance use in accordance with all of the following, except
A.
Knowledge.
B.
Fashions favored by fellow citizens.
C.
Vogues presented by mass media.
D.
Tradition
Question #20
According to Shaw, rationality can be anchored to different bases. Those bases are:
A.
Goal, tradition, value, and affection.
B.
Means, convention, law and emotion.
C.
Means, tradition, emotion and fashion.
D.
Goal, convention, norm, and vogue.
Question #21
Hirschi identifies four types of social bonds. They are:
A.
Attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.
B.
Attachment, regulation, involvement, and commitment.
C.
Regulation, association, involvement, and identification.
D.
Association, identification, reinforcement, and integration.
Question #22
Across the globe, drug use is usually higher in affluent, liberal, democratic, Western, and capitalist nations than in indigent, conservative, authoritarian, Eastern, and social countries. According to Shaw, the difference is due to
A.
Subculture.
B.
Rational choice
C.
Social control.
D.
Social conflict.
Question #23
Shaw explores two dimensional of control. They are:
A.
External control and internal control.
B.
Material control and spiritual control.
C.
Primary control and institutional control.
D.
Attachment and regulation.
Question #24
According to the ecological model, which of the following zones bears most of the bruises and wounds of urban social change?
A.
Downtown business zone.
B.
Residential zone.
C.
Commuter zone.
D.
Transition zone.
Question #25
Which of the following pairs developed an analysis of the ecological distribution of delinquency?
A.
W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki.
B.
Robert Park and Ernest Burgess.
C.
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay.
D.
Marshall Clinard and Daniel Abbott.
Question #26
According to Shaw, change leading to social disorganization can take place in all of the following forms, except
A.
Environmental change.
B.
Developmental change.
C.
Immigration.
D.
Migration.
Question #27
According to Shaw, social disorganization may lead to all of the following, except
A.
System equilibrium.
B.
Institutionalized disorganization
C.
System demise.
D.
System reorganization.
Question #28
Which of the following scholars argues that a person becomes delinquent when he or she acquires an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law?
A.
Howard Becker.
B.
Daniel Glaser.
C.
David Matza.
D.
Edwin Sutherland.
Question #29
Techniques of neutralization include all of the following, except
A.
Appeal to higher loyalty.
B.
Denial of injury.
C.
Counterpride display.
D.
Condemning the condemner.
Question #30
According to Shaw, modes of learning deals with
A.
Interest versus experience.
B.
Motive versus technique.
C.
Association versus identification.
D.
Nature versus nurture.
Question #31
According to Shaw, contingencies of learning regard
A.
Reinforcement versus punishment.
B.
Interest versus experience.
C.
Motive versus technique.
D.
Subculture versus social atmosphere.
Question #32
Frank Tannenbaum discovered a gradual shift from the definition to the specific acts as evil to a definition of the individual as evil. He called it:
A.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
B.
Labeling.
C.
Secondary deviation
D.
Tagging.
Question #33
John, who is recently released from a two-year term in a juvenile hall, is involved in an armed bank robbery. According to Edwin Lemert, John
A.
Secondary deviation.
B.
Primary deviation.
C.
Natural progression in criminal career.
D.
Forced reaction.
Question #34
According to Shaw, primary substance use takes place
A.
When users behave themselves as specific types of users.
B.
When users perceive themselves as specific classes of users.
C.
When users are recognized as specific types of users.
D.
Before use is identified and the user is labeled.
Question #35
Shaw explores the social-individual interaction in substance use and abuse in terms of all the following, except
A.
Labeling.
B.
Antilabeling.
C.
Delabeling.
D.
Relabeling.
Question #36
According to Albert Cohen, which of the following groups are most likely to engage in non-utilitarian activities to expressively fire off their hostility toward middle-class values?
A.
Corner boys.
B.
College boys.
C.
Runaway boys.
D.
Delinquent boys.
Question #37
A.
Food, drugs, cars, jewelry, clothes, and shelter.
B.
Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, luck, and autonomy.
C.
Violence, abuse, neglect, unemployment, separation, and death.
D.
Appearance, status, work, leisure, money, and life.
Question #38
Within the substance use subculture, established substance users do all of the following, except
A.
They invent, guard, and employ specific tools, procedures, and facilities.
B.
They maintain, expand, and update use-related knowledge, technology, and skills
C.
They deal with physical, psychological, and medical problems resulting from use.
D.
They keep their new knowledge, skills, and sentiments away from new, young, and inexperienced users.
Question #39
Which one of the following does not exemplify
A.
AIDS patients smoke marijuana to relieve pain.
B.
Drug agents bust a cocaine ring in their undercover operation.
C.
Homosexuals and prostitutes take methamphetamine to enhance their sexual performance.
D.
Homeless people swallow speed to stay awake.
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