Nursing 1141- Pharmacology » Fall 2022 » Mastery EAQ Ch. 2
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Question #1
Which route of drug administration decreases the likelihood of systemic drug effects?
A.
Rectal
B.
Oral
C.
Transdermal
D.
Topical
Question #2
Which body system triggers an allergic reaction to a medication?
A.
Nervous
B.
Immune
C.
Dermatologic
D.
Circulatory
Question #3
Which term is an alternate for biotransformation of a drug?
A.
Metabolism
B.
Absorption
C.
Excretion
D.
Dilution
Question #4
Which term is attributed to a condition in which drugs are increasingly ineffective?
A.
Addiction
B.
Dependence
C.
Tolerance
D.
Therapeutic index
Question #5
Which animal is the other main source of natural insulin besides humans?
A.
Mouse
B.
Rabbit
C.
Pig
D.
Horse
Question #6
Which percentage would be the bioavailability of atropine administered intravenously to a patient with a cardiac dysrhythmia?
A.
50%
B.
60%
C.
100%
D.
70%
Question #7
Which route of administration will cause a drug to be altered by the first-pass effect?
A.
Intravenous
B.
Oral
C.
Sublingual
D.
Subcutaneous
Question #8
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to do which response?
A.
Be absorbed by the body
B.
Reach a therapeutic level
C.
Be eliminated by the body
D.
Exert a response
Question #9
A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed warfarin to avoid taking aspirin and explains that taking both drugs together may cause excessive bleeding. Which phenomenon is the nurse teaching about?
A.
Additive
B.
Antagonistic
C.
Synergistic
D.
Incompatibility
Question #10
Which type of pharmacotherapeutics is needed to sustain life and treat disease?
A.
Acute
B.
Supplemental
C.
Supportive
D.
Maintenance
Question #11
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of which factor?
A.
Distribution rates among various body compartments
B.
Adverse reactions to medications
C.
Interactions among various drugs
D.
Physiologic interactions of drugs
Question #12
Which type of therapy has been prescribed when a patient is prescribed an oral antidiabetic drug?
A.
Supplemental
B.
Maintenance
C.
Acute
D.
Palliative
Question #13
Which term is used when some medications may not be safe for a patient because she is breastfeeding?
A.
Contraindication
B.
Allergy
C.
Drug interaction
D.
Idiosyncratic reaction
Question #14
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of drugs in the liver during first-pass metabolism?
A.
Gastric lipase
B.
Pancreatic lipase
C.
Ptyalin
D.
P450 enzymes
Question #15
Which phenomenon is characteristic of highly protein-bound drugs?
A.
The duration of action is typically short.
B.
The effect is decreased in patients with a low albumin level.
C.
The risk of drug–drug interactions is increased.
D.
Administration with 8 ounces of water is required.
Question #16
Which enhanced therapeutic effect describes combination therapy of hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril?
A.
Additive
B.
Adverse
C.
Antagonistic
D.
Synergistic
Question #17
Which condition interferes with the optimum therapeutic effect of a drug given by the oral route?
A.
Resection of the small intestine
B.
Seizure disorder
C.
Left lower leg amputation
D.
Coronary artery bypass graft
Question #18
Which route of administration would be ideal for a patient with acute angina-like chest pain who is to receive nitroglycerin?
A.
Sublingual
B.
Oral
C.
Subcutaneous
D.
Rectal
Question #19
Drugs exert their actions on the body by performing which action?
A.
Altering metabolic chemical processes. Making the cell perform a new function
B.
Interacting with receptors. Altering metabolic chemical processes. Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme
C.
None of these
D.
Altering metabolic chemical processes. Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme. Making the cell perform a new function
Question #20
A patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer undergoes a thyroidectomy and is prescribed 75 mcg levothyroxine sodium. Which type of therapy has the patient been prescribed?
A.
Palliative
B.
Supplemental
C.
Maintenance
D.
Prophylactic
Question #21
Which term would best describe a possible drug reaction resulting in very low blood glucose levels that can cause lightheadedness and profuse sweating?
A.
Drug interaction
B.
Allergic
C.
Idiosyncratic
D.
Pharmacologic
Question #22
Which types of cells are destroyed as a result of an idiosyncratic reaction in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with certain medications?
A.
Platelets
B.
White blood cells
C.
Mucosal cells
D.
Red blood cells
Question #23
If a drug has a high first-pass effect, which statement about the drug is appropriate?
A.
Formation of inactive metabolites is high in the liver.
B.
Formation of active metabolites is high in bile.
C.
Formation of inactive metabolites is high in feces.
D.
Formation of inactive metabolites is low in the kidneys.
Question #24
Which drug formulation will have the fastest onset of action for an oral drug available in various formulations?
A.
Oral soluble wafer
B.
Powder
C.
Suspension
D.
Elixir
Question #25
Which mechanism of action is being described when an antibiotic drug causes the destruction of bacterial cell walls?
A.
Receptor interaction
B.
Nonselective interaction
C.
Enzyme interaction
D.
Selective interaction
Question #26
Which process is being described when a drug is followed from oral absorption through to finding traces of the drug in urine?
A.
Pharmacodynamics
B.
Pharmacotherapeutics
C.
Pharmacokinetics
D.
Pharmaceutics
Question #27
To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider would prescribe medication to be administered by which route?
A.
Intramuscularly
B.
Intravenously
C.
Intrathecally
D.
Subcutaneously
Question #28
A patient is given a drug that has a half-life of 8 hours. The peak level of this drug is 100 mg/L. What would be the concentration of the drug after two half-lives?
A.
40 mg/L
B.
75 mg/L
C.
25 mg/L
D.
50 mg/L
Question #29
The nurse administers a drug to a patient that has a half-life of 6 hours. If the dose of the drug is 200 mg/L, what would the concentration of the drug be after 12 hours?
A.
10 mg/L
B.
20 mg/L
C.
60 mg/L
D.
50 mg/L
Question #30
Which fact would the nurse explain to a patient taking amiodarone and consuming grapefruit juice?
A.
It increases excretion of the drug.
B.
It chemically binds to the drug.
C.
It negates the action of the drug.
D.
It reduces the metabolism of the drug.
Question #31
Which adverse effect might a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency develop if treated with primaquine?
A.
Bone marrow suppression
B.
Hemolysis of red blood cells
C.
Hemolysis of platelets
D.
Hemolysis of white blood cells
Question #32
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient regarding the properties of an enteric-coated drug preparation?
A.
Absorption of the drug in the intestine is prevented.The drug should be taken with large amounts of food.
B.
The drug should be taken with large amounts of food. The drug should be crushed before administration.
C.
The drug should be crushed before administration. Absorption of the drug in the intestine is prevented.
D.
Anticholinergic drugs may negate the effect of the enteric coating. Dissolution of the drug in the stomach is prevented.
Question #33
Which information would the nurse draw upon to explain to a patient why a lower dose of intravenous pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose?
A.
Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect.
B.
A large percentage of an intravenously administered drug is metabolized into inactive metabolites in the liver.
C.
Drugs administered intravenously enter the portal system before systemic distribution.
D.
Medications given orally bypass the portal circulatory system.
Question #34
Which factor associated with a drug that has a low therapeutic index (TI) would the nurse be aware of?
A.
There is less possibility of developing dependence.
B.
The drug will have low tolerance when compared with other drugs.
C.
The chances of side effects are low with this drug relative to other drugs.
D.
There is a high possibility that overdose events will occur.
Question #35
Which instruction would a nurse give to a patient who has been prescribed ciprofloxacin to prevent antagonistic effects?
A.
"Take an antacid with the drug."
B.
"Take the drug with vitamin supplements."
C.
"Take the drug with iron-rich foods like spinach."
D.
"Avoid taking the drug with milk."
Question #36
The nurse is caring for a patient with Parkinson’s disease who is receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and teaches dietary guidelines to the patient’s caregiver. Which statement by the patient’s caregiver indicates effective learning?
A.
"I should avoid giving the patient aged cheese."
B.
"I should avoid giving the patient orange juice."
C.
"I should avoid giving the patient milk."
D.
"I should avoid giving the patient green leafy vegetables."
Question #37
Which advice would the nurse give a patient who has been prescribed an antibiotic capsule to treat pharyngitis and is reluctant to swallow the capsule?
A.
Open the capsule and sprinkle the granules on soft food.
B.
Dissolve the granules in a beverage.
C.
Crush the capsule.
D.
Chew the granules in the capsule.
Question #38
A swab of a wound infection is sent for culture and, pending culture results, the health care provider starts an intravenous antibiotic. Which type of therapy has been prescribed for this patient?
A.
Prophylactic
B.
Empiric
C.
Maintenance
D.
Palliative
Question #39
Which drug would the nurse alert the provider about when the patient is regularly taking it and is newly prescribed amiodarone?
A.
Warfarin
B.
Ibuprofen
C.
Amoxicillin
D.
Acetaminophen
Question #40
When reviewing a patient’s medical records, the nurse finds that the patient had developed an idiosyncratic reaction to aspirin. Which information would the nurse infer?
A.
The patient may have a deficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
B.
The therapeutic index of the drug may have been high.
C.
The patient may have taken the drug with grapefruit juice.
D.
The patient may have taken an excess dose of the drug.
Question #41
Which action performed by the nurse will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly?
A.
Administering the medication via the Z-track method
B.
Lowering the extremity below the level of the heart
C.
Massaging the site after injection
D.
Applying cold packs to the injection site
Question #42
Which oral preparation should be administered to ensure fast absorption of an antacid used to treat severe gastric burning for prompt symptomatic relief?
A.
Elixir
B.
Enteric-coated tablet
C.
Oral suspension
D.
Capsule
Question #43
Which food item would the nurse recommend the parents avoid serving their child who has been prescribed carbamazepine for a generalized seizure disorder?
A.
Spinach
B.
Cheese
C.
Yogurt
D.
Grapefruit
Question #44
Which action would the nurse expect the health care provider to take when prescribing antibiotic therapy to a patient who has end-stage renal disease?
A.
Administer the antibiotic with diuretic medications.
B.
Increase the dose from the recommended dose.
C.
Initiate therapy with a lower-than-recommended dose.
D.
Prescribe an antibiotic with a low therapeutic index.
Question #45
When it is necessary for a drug to circumvent first-pass metabolism in the liver, which route of administration is recommended?
A.
Intranasal, Intraocular, and Transdermal
B.
Injection into the portal vein and Oral
C.
Intranasal, Injection into the portal vein and Oral
D.
Injection into the portal vein and Transdermal
Question #46
A.
It will be unaffected.
B.
It will become zero.
C.
It will be decreased.
D.
It will be increased.
Question #47
A patient is to receive an intramuscular injection of a drug that has a high first-pass effect but asks for an oral preparation of the drug instead. Which action would the nurse choose in this situation?
A.
Obtain a prescription for an enteric-coated oral formulation to prevent inactivation in the liver. Obtain a prescription for an oral formulation without altering the dose.
B.
Explain to the patient that the drug becomes inactive if it is taken orally. Explain to the patient that the drug will have a reduced effect if it is taken orally.
C.
Explain to the patient that the drug causes toxic effects if it is taken orally. Obtain a prescription for an oral formulation without altering the dose.
D.
Obtain a prescription for an oral formulation without altering the dose. Explain to the patient that the drug becomes inactive if it is taken orally.
Question #48
Which patient finding would cause the nurse to be concerned that the pharmacologic action of an antihypertensive drug is extended?
A.
Urticaria
B.
Hypotension
C.
Anaphylactic shock
D.
Rash
Question #49
The health care provider has prescribed erythromycin to a patient with chronic alcoholism resulting in cirrhosis of the liver. Which phenomenon would the nurse be aware of when administering additional drugs?
A.
Decreased pharmacologic effects of drugs
B.
Development of drug toxicity
C.
Shortened duration of drug actions
D.
Delay in drug absorption
Question #50
Which type of therapy is utilized when a patient with lower respiratory tract symptoms is prescribed both antibiotics and laboratory testing concurrently?
A.
Supplemental
B.
Prophylactic
C.
Empiric
D.
Maintenance
Question #51
A patient prescribed amoxicillin and probenecid wants to know the reason for the prescription of two drugs. Which explanation by the nurse is accurate?
A.
Probenecid reduces allergic reactions to amoxicillin. Probenecid increases the duration of action of amoxicillin. Probenecid enhances the antibacterial action of amoxicillin.
B.
Combination therapy is beneficial to the patient. Probenecid prevents the renal excretion of amoxicillin. Probenecid increases the duration of action of amoxicillin.
C.
Probenecid reduces allergic reactions to amoxicillin. Probenecid enhances the antibacterial action of amoxicillin.
D.
Probenecid reduces allergic reactions to amoxicillin. Probenecid enhances the antibacterial action of amoxicillin. Probenecid prevents the renal excretion of amoxicillin.
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