Nursing 1141- Pharmacology » Fall 2022 » Mastery EAQ Ch. 28
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Question #1
After reviewing a patient’s medical record, which action will the nurse take before administering acetazolamide as prescribed prior to ocular surgery to a patient? Patient Health History : Hypertension History of open-angle glaucoma Liver cirrhosis Medication Allergies: Sulfa Penicillin
A.
Review laboratory values for hepatic function
B.
Document teaching for continued use after surgery
C.
Report a history of open-angle glaucoma
D.
Request another medication with less allergy risk
Question #2
Based on a patient’s medication administration record, which cue would the nurse expect from a drug interaction? Medication Administration Record o Furosemide 40 mg orally daily o Triamterene 50 mg orally 2 x a day o Ibuprofen 600 mg orally 3 x a day
A.
Increased potassium levels
B.
Decreased urinary output
C.
Reduced relief of pain
D.
Increased blood pressure
Question #3
Which patient cue indicates the highest risk for complications from the prescribed diuretics?
A.
Hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension
B.
Spironolactone with renal failure
C.
Furosemide to treat hypercalcemia
D.
Acetazolamide prior to ocular surgery
Question #4
Which action in preparation of administering mannitol places the patient at risk for an embolism from a precipitant of the medication?
A.
Drawing medication from a vial that was refrigerated
B.
Using a concentration of 10 grams per 100 mL
C.
Using an intravenous route for administration
D.
Administration of the medication to treat toxic substances
Question #5
Which patient cue indicates the highest risk for complications from the prescribed diuretics?
A.
Hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension
B.
Spironolactone with renal failure
C.
Acetazolamide prior to ocular surgery
D.
Furosemide to treat hypercalcemia
Question #6
Which laboratory value indicates that the administration of hydrochlorothiazide needs to be held until further consultation with the health care provider? Test / Results Aspartate aminotransferase_35 units per liter (U/L) Creatinine clearance_ 35 mL/min Serum potassium level_ 5.0 mEq/L Serum sodium level_ 145 mEq/L
A.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
B.
Creatinine clearance
C.
Serum potassium leve
D.
Serum sodium level
Question #7
Which drug is the strongest diuretic?
A.
Mannitol
B.
Furosemide
C.
Triamterene
D.
Acetazolamide
Question #8
A patient has abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone. The nurse knows that this hormone is primarily active in which part of the nephron?
A.
Loop of Henle
B.
Distal tubule
C.
Proximal tubule
D.
Collecting duct
Question #9
Which side effect would the nurse include when teaching a patient who is beginning a loop diuretic?
A.
Constipation
B.
Muscle pain
C.
Insomnia
D.
Headache
Question #10
Which information would the nurse provide to a patient who is receiving spironolactone and furosemide therapy?
A.
"This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia."
B.
"Moderate doses of two different diuretics are more effective than a large dose of one."
C.
"Using two drugs increases the osmolality of plasma and the glomerular filtration rate."
D.
"This combination prevents dehydration and hypovolemia."
Question #11
A patient reveals taking daily ibuprofen for chronic back pain. On reviewing the patient’s medical history, the nurse learns that the patient is also taking furosemide for high blood pressure. What would the nurse anticipate that the primary health care provider will prescribe?
A.
Alternating doses of both medications
B.
Increased dose of furosemide
C.
STAT venipuncture for serum calcium
D.
Decreased dose of ibuprofen
Question #12
A 10-year-old child who has heart failure has been prescribed furosemide. Which instruction would the nurse give to the child’s parents to prevent adverse effects of the medication?
A.
"Administer the medication on an empty stomach."
B.
"Do not give oral rehydration drinks to your child."
C.
"Give the medication to your child before bedtime."
D.
"Protect your child from excessive sunlight exposure."
Question #13
Which drug can be prescribed for the treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria?
A.
Metolazone
B.
Amiloride
C.
Mannitol
D.
Furosemide
Question #14
Which class of diuretics is used to manage increased intracranial pressure?
A.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
B.
Loop diuretics
C.
Potassium-sparing diuretics
D.
Osmotic diuretics
Question #15
Which side effect is associated with furosemide?
A.
Hypochondria
B.
Hypoxia
C.
Hypokalemia
D.
Hypoglycemia
Question #16
Which drug is used cautiously in patients with a sulfa drug allergy?
A.
Mannitol
B.
Acetazolamide
C.
Amiloride
D.
Furosemide
Question #17
Which drug may cause melena as a side effect?
A.
Mannitol
B.
Furosemide
C.
Acetazolamide
D.
Metolazone
Question #18
At which concentration is the intravenous injection of mannitol likely to crystallize?
A.
15%
B.
5%
C.
20%
D.
10%
Question #19
How long after intravenous (IV) administration of furosemide would the nurse anticipate the beginning of diuresis?
A.
60 minutes
B.
1 minute
C.
30 minutes
D.
5 minutes
Question #20
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. Which information would the nurse give the patient about the medication regimen?
A.
"Take iron supplements every day."
B.
"Take the dose only in the morning."
C.
"You should limit your intake of oats."
D.
"You should not eat melons or grapes."
Question #21
Which physiologic change will be observed in a patient after administering diuretics?
A.
Increased extracellular fluid volume, Increased plasma volume
B.
Increased plasma volume, Increased peripheral vascular resistance
C.
Decreased cardiac output, Decreased blood pressure
D.
Increased extracellular fluid volume, Increased peripheral vascular resistance
Question #22
The nurse notices that a patient who is receiving lithium has moderate bilateral pitting edema. The primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for the patient. For which side effect would the nurse monitor?
A.
Bloody stools
B.
Lithium levels
C.
Amenorrhea
D.
Itching and rashes
Question #23
What condition determines the potency of a diuretic medication?
A.
Site of mechanism of action
B.
Ability to reabsorb water
C.
Dosage of the diuretic
D.
Strength of sodium filtration
Question #24
The nurse is assessing a patient who has lower-extremity edema. The nurse learns that the patient is a mountain climber and has been suffering from headaches, nausea, and shortness of breath for the last few days. Which drug would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe for the patient?
A.
Hydrochlorothiazide
B.
Spironolactone
C.
Mannitol
D.
Acetazolamide
Question #25
A patient with hypertension has been prescribed furosemide. On reviewing the patient’s medical history, the nurse learns that the patient is also taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis. Which action would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe?
A.
STAT venipuncture for serum calcium
B.
Increased dose of furosemide
C.
Alternating doses of both medications
D.
Decreased dose of ibuprofen
Question #26
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving digoxin and acetazolamide therapy. Which action by the nurse is necessary to prevent adverse effects?
A.
Assess the patient’s heart rate frequently.
B.
Check the patient’s potassium levels in the lab reports.
C.
Assess the patient’s skin for any signs of peeling.
D.
Check the patient’s platelet levels in the blood reports.
Question #27
The nurse observes that a patient’s vision is not improving after acetazolamide treatment. Which drug would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient for reducing intraocular pressure?
A.
Amiloride
B.
Mannitol
C.
Spironolactone
D.
Furosemide
Question #28
Which symptom would the nurse report to the health care provider for a patient taking spironolactone?
A.
Lethargy
B.
Mental confusion
C.
Hypotension
D.
Nausea/vomiting
Question #29
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide and amiloride. However, while assessing the patient’s medical record, the nurse observes that the patient is on therapy with lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. Which response would the nurse take in this situation?
A.
Instruct the patient to take lithium carbonate 1 hour before administering the diuretics.
B.
Report to the health care provider about the patient’s lithium carbonate therapy.
C.
Instruct the patient to stop taking lithium carbonate during diuretic therapy.
D.
Report to the health care provider about the patient’s bipolar disorder.
Question #30
When reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient who is taking triamterene, the nurse finds that the creatinine clearance of the patient is 9 mL/min. Which drug would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe?
A.
Mannitol
B.
Metolazone
C.
Furosemide
D.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Question #31
The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to administer a 20% solution of mannitol to a patient who has cerebral edema. Which information would the nurse recall before administering the drug to the patient?
A.
To maintain normal room temperature
B.
To store the drug in a brightly lit room
C.
To give oral rehydration salts with the drug
D.
To administer potassium supplements
Question #32
Following the assessment of a patient who is receiving furosemide, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has a serum creatinine of 2.5 mg/dL. The primary health care provider prescribes metolazone for the patient. Which intervention would the nurse follow before administering the new drug?
A.
Give the drug 30 minutes before the furosemide.
B.
Give furosemide 30 minutes before the drug.
C.
Check the drug container for any precipitants.
D.
Administer the drug using a filter with the tubing.
Question #33
The nurse is caring for a patient who has heart failure that resulted from diastolic dysfunction. The patient’s medical history indicates that the patient has a history of chronic kidney disease. Which drug would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient?
A.
Spironolactone
B.
Metolazone
C.
Furosemide
D.
Hydrochlorothiazide
Question #34
A patient with hypertension is receiving spironolactone therapy. The nurse notices that the patient’s serum potassium level is 6.2 mEq/L. What would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient?
A.
Furosemide
B.
Mannitol
C.
Acetazolamide
D.
Amiloride
Question #35
The nurse is assessing a patient who is taking furosemide. The patient’s potassium level is 3.4 mEq/L, the chloride level is 90 mmol/L, and the sodium level is 140 mEq/L. Based on the nurse’s understanding of the laboratory results, which prescribed therapy can the nurse anticipate administering?
A.
Administer sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
B.
Administer 2 mEq potassium chloride per kilogram per day intravenously.
C.
Administer calcium acetate, two tablets three times per day.
D.
Mix 40 mEq of potassium in 250 mL D5W and infuse rapidly.
Question #36
The nurse applies slight pressure on the fingertips of a patient undergoing diuretic therapy. When the pressure is released, the nurse observes that the patient’s fingertips have slowly turned pink. How would the nurse interpret this situation?
A.
The patient has decreased hemoglobin levels.
B.
The patient has decreased cardiac output.
C.
The patient has decreased extracellular fluid volume.
D.
The patient has decreased serum sodium levels.
Question #37
A patient taking spironolactone has been taught about the medication. Which menu selection indicates that the patient understands teaching related to this medication?
A.
Potatoes
B.
Tomato juice
C.
Lima beans
D.
Carrots
Question #38
A patient who is undergoing oral therapy with loop diuretics tells the nurse, "I do not feel like eating food after initiating the therapy. I feel nauseous and lethargic." The blood pressure of the patient is determined to be 100/65 mm Hg. Which intervention will the health care provider prescribe in this situation?
A.
Fluid replacement therapy
B.
Administering the loop diuretics through an intravenous (IV) route
C.
Psyllium-based bulk-forming laxatives
D.
Potassium-sparing diuretic with loop diuretic
Question #39
Which therapeutic action is intended from spironolactone prescribed to an infant for heart failure?
A.
Reduces potassium loss
B.
Strong diuretic effect
C.
Increases renal function
D.
Aldosterone-inhibiting activity
Question #40
A.
Review the renal function tests
B.
Review sources to increase dietary potassium
C.
Discuss using over-the-counter potassium supplements
D.
Caution the patient to reduce fruits and vegetables
Question #41
It is prescribed that a patient be given furosemide via intravenous push. Which intervention would the nurse perform?
A.
Monitor electrocardiogram continuously. Maintain accurate intake and output record. Insert an arterial line for continuous blood pressure monitoring.
B.
Maintain accurate intake and output record. Assess lung sounds before and after administration. Assess blood pressure before and after administration.
C.
Assess blood pressure before and after administration. Monitor electrocardiogram continuously. Insert an arterial line for continuous blood pressure monitoring.
D.
Assess lung sounds before and after administration. Monitor electrocardiogram continuously. Insert an arterial line for continuous blood pressure monitoring.
Question #42
Which information would the nurse obtain prior to administering furosemide to a patient?
A.
The patient’s allergies. The patient’s serum potassium level. The patient’s baseline renal function. The patient’s fluid intake and urine output.
B.
The patient’s level of consciousness. The patient’s allergies. The patient’s serum potassium level. The patient’s baseline renal function.
C.
he patient’s serum potassium level. The patient’s baseline renal function. The patient’s fluid intake and urine output. The patient’s level of consciousness.
D.
The patient’s baseline renal function. The patient’s fluid intake and urine output. The patient’s level of consciousness. The patient’s allergies.
Question #43
A patient has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. After reviewing the patient’s laboratory report, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has hypokalemia. Which drug would the nurse expect to be included in the patient’s prescription?
A.
Furosemide
B.
Amiloride
C.
Mannitol
D.
Acetazolamide
Question #44
The nurse is caring for a patient who has severe hepatic failure. The patient’s blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg. Which medication would the nurse anticipate that the primary health care provider will prescribe for this patient?
A.
Triamterene
B.
Spironolactone
C.
Furosemide
D.
Azathioprine
Question #45
A diabetic patient who is taking an oral hypoglycemic has been prescribed metolazone. Which symptom would the nurse assess for while caring for the patient?
A.
Neurotoxicity, Hyperkalemia
B.
Dizziness, Hyperglycemia
C.
Ototoxicity, Neurotoxicity,
D.
Hyperkalemia, Ototoxicity
Question #46
After reviewing the laboratory reports of a male patient who is taking amiloride, the nurse finds that the patient has renal dysfunction but not hepatic dysfunction. Which finding enabled the nurse to make this conclusion?
A.
The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the patient is 10 units/L. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the patient is 35 units/L. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of the patient is 6 mg/100 mL.
B.
The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of the patient is 42 units/L. The lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the patient is 35 units/L. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of the patient is 6 mg/100 mL.
C.
The serum creatinine level of the patient is 2.0 mg/100 mL. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of the patient is 40 mg/100 mL. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of the patient is 42 units/L.
D.
The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the patient is 10 units/L. The serum creatinine level of the patient is 2.0 mg/100 mL. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of the patient is 6 mg/100 mL.
Question #47
A patient has recently undergone kidney transplantation and is receiving cyclosporine therapy. On the follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the patient has severe ocular pain as a result of an accumulation of aqueous humor. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe for the patient?
A.
Obtain a STAT serum creatinine level. Lower the dose of cyclosporine.
B.
Give intravenous torsemide. Refer the patient to an optometrist.
C.
Lower the dose of cyclosporine. Give an oral dose of acetazolamide.
D.
Refer the patient to an optometrist. Obtain a STAT serum creatinine level.
Question #48
A patient with heart failure has pulmonary edema. After reviewing the patient’s medical history, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has taken sulfa drugs in the past for pneumonia. Which drug may the nurse expect to be initially prescribed for the patient?
A.
Mannitol, Acetazolamide
B.
Spironolactone, Mannitol
C.
Acetazolamide, Spironolactone
D.
Bumetanide, Chlorthalidone
Question #49
A.
Administration of the medication to treat toxic substances
B.
Using a concentration of 10 grams per 100 mL
C.
Using an intravenous route for administration
D.
Drawing medication from a vial that was refrigerated
Question #50
Which diuretic is a poor choice for a patient who has gout?
A.
Mannitol
B.
Acetazolamide
C.
Hydrochlorothiazide
D.
Spironolactone
Question #51
Which laboratory value would the nurse report to the health care provider as a potential adverse response to hydrochlorothiazide?
A.
Fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL
B.
Sodium level of 140 mEq/L
C.
Chloride level of 100 mEq/L
D.
Calcium level of 9 mg/dL
Question #52
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving acetazolamide. Which assessment finding would require immediate nursing intervention?
A.
An increase in urinary output
B.
A decrease in bicarbonate level
C.
An increase in PaO2
D.
A decrease in arterial pH
Question #53
A patient with acute pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the intervention is working?
A.
Improvement in mental status
B.
Lungs clear
C.
Potassium level decreased from 4.5 to 3.5 mEq/L
D.
Output 30 mL/hr
Question #54
Which intervention would the nurse perform when monitoring a patient receiving triamterene?
A.
Assess urinary output every other day.
B.
Monitor for side effects of hypoglycemia.
C.
Assess potassium levels.
D.
Monitor for hypernatremia.
Question #55
A patient asks the nurse about taking potassium supplements while taking triamterene. Which statement would the nurse respond with?
A.
"You are on a diuretic that is potassium-sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium."
B.
"I will call your health care provider to discuss your concerns."
C.
"Your potassium level was normal in this morning’s laboratory report, so no supplement is needed."
D.
"You are correct about potassium. I will make sure that you get some right away."
Question #56
The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing diuretic therapy to relieve hypertension. Which intervention is used by the nurse to assess hypotensive episodes?
A.
Check the elasticity and flexibility of the patient’s skin.
B.
Check the serum sodium levels.
C.
Ask the patient about signs like tingling of fingers and dizziness.
D.
Monitor the pedal pulses of the patient periodically.
Question #57
Which intervention would the nurse incorporate while caring for a patient who experiences furosemide toxicity?
A.
Administer activated charcoal.
B.
Administer deferoxamine.
C.
Replace the indwelling urinary catheter.
D.
Replace fluids and electrolytes.
Question #58
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed diuretics. On reviewing the patient’s laboratory reports, the nurse finds that the patient’s creatinine clearance rate is 20 mL/min. Which dosage regimen would the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
A.
Furosemide 5 mg/kg/day by mouth in the morning in a single dose
B.
Hydrochlorothiazide 10 mg/kg/day intravenous in divided doses
C.
Furosemide 7 mg/kg/day via the intravenous route in two divided doses
D.
Hydrochlorothiazide 5 mg/kg/day by mouth in a single dose
Question #59
A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide. On assessment, the nurse notices the patient has muscle weakness and hypotension. Which intervention would the nurse initiallytake?
A.
Give a lower dose of the medication.
B.
Administer calcium supplements.
C.
Assess the serum potassium level.
D.
Reduce salt in the patient’s food.
Question #60
Which therapeutic goal would be used for a patient undergoing mannitol therapy?
A.
Increased urine osmolality
B.
Decreased intracranial pressure
C.
Decreased serum osmolality
D.
Decreased excretion of medications
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