A.   Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

B.   Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin

C.   Treated with oral hypoglycemic

D.   Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

A.   Vitamin B12 levels

B.   Renal function

C.   The patient’s weight

D.   Blood glucose levels

A.   11:00 a.m.

B.   10:00 a.m.

C.   Noon

D.   9:00 a.m.

A.   Vastus lateralis

B.   Gluteus maximus

C.   Abdomen

D.   Deltoid

A.   Humulin R

B.   Tresiba

C.   Afrezza

D.   Levemir

A.   Serum albumin

B.   2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

C.   Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

D.   Fasting serum glucose level

A.   Anabolic steroids

B.   Salicylates

C.   Sulfa antibiotics

D.   Diuretics

A.   Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

B.   Initiates the glycogenolysis process

C.   Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

D.   Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

A.   Myocardial infarction

B.   Bladder dysfunction

C.   Complete blindness

D.   Diabetic gastroparesis

A.   Cimetidine

B.   Carbamazepine

C.   Erythromycin

D.   Fluconazole

A.   Less than 5.7

B.   Between 5.7 and 6

C.   Above 6.5

D.   Between 6 and 6.4

A.   Neutral protamin Hagedorn

B.   Lantus

C.   Afrezza

D.   Humulin R

A.   Glinides

B.   Sulfonylureas

C.   Biguanides

D.   Thiazolidinediones

A.   Sulfonylureas

B.   Glinides

C.   Thiazolidinediones

D.   Biguanides

A.   Ultralente insulin

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Insulin aspart

D.   Insulin glargine

A.   Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

B.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

C.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

D.   Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

A.   Recurrent headaches

B.   Acute pancreatitis

C.   Insidious weight gain

D.   Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin zinc suspension

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

A.   Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

B.   Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

C.   Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

D.   Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

A.   "You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting."

B.   "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects."

C.   "You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe."

D.   "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day."

A.   Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

B.   Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

C.   Flush the IV.

D.   Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

A.   Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

B.   Use the Z-track method for administration.

C.   Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

D.   Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

A.   "You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour."

B.   "Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months."

C.   "Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies."

D.   "You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin."

A.   Insulin glulisine

B.   Insulin lispro

C.   Regular insulin

D.   Insulin aspart

A.   "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."

B.   "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."

C.   "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours."

D.   "You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects."

A.   Rosiglitazone

B.   Pioglitazone

C.   Glimepiride

D.   Troglitazone

A.   Insulin detemir

B.   Insulin glargine

C.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D.   Insulin glulisine

A.   Glimepiride

B.   Metformin

C.   Humalog insulin

D.   Glipizide

A.   Miglitol, Acarbose

B.   Nateglinide, Glipizide

C.   Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

D.   Glipizide, Pioglitazone

A.   "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite."

B.   "I will limit my alcohol consumption."

C.   "I will take the medication only when I need it."

D.   "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

A.   Glycogen, Dextrose

B.   Ketones, Dextrose

C.   Ketones, Glycogen

D.   Insulin, Glucagon

A.   Weight gain

B.   Cholesterol level

C.   Renal function

D.   Edema

A.   "There are chances of renal failure after the test."

B.   "You can take the medication an hour after the test."

C.   "Do not take your metformin on the day of the test."

D.   "Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated."

A.   "You should report any nausea immediately."

B.   "You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis."

C.   "You should take the medication with food."

D.   "If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose."

A.   10:00 a.m.

B.   5:00 p.m.

C.   2:00 p.m.

D.   8:00 p.m.

A.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

B.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

C.   A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

D.   A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

A.   "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet."

B.   "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

C.   "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

D.   "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities." "Restrict sodium in your diet."

A.   It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

B.   Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

C.   Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

D.   It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

A.   Lack of sleep at night

B.   Second-generation sulfonylureas

C.   Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

D.   Large weight gain

A.   Arterial blood pH 7.4

B.   Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

C.   Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

D.   Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

A.   Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

B.   Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

C.   Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

D.   Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

A.   Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

B.   Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

C.   Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

D.   Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin lispro

C.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D.   Insulin glargine

A.   "Take a dose before bedtime every night."

B.   "You need to change your eating habits."

C.   "Skip the dose when you skip a meal."

D.   "You need to eat three to four meals every day."

A.   Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

B.   Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

C.   Administer the insulin via IV pump.

D.   Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

A.   Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

B.   Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

C.   Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

D.   Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

A.   Insulin

B.   Exenatide

C.   Liraglutide

D.   Glucagon

A.   Exenatide

B.   Pramlintide

C.   Sitagliptin

D.   Acarbose

A.   Verify that insulin syringes are used. Rotate the injection locations every week. Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

B.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Rotate the injection locations every week.

C.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Verify that insulin syringes are used. Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

D.   Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Identify the intramuscular injection site.

A.   Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

B.   Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

C.   High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

D.   Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

A.   Decreased blood glucose levels

B.   Increased metformin effects

C.   Increased blood glucose levels

D.   Lactic acidosis

A.   Carbamazepine

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Rifampin

D.   Phenytoin

A.   Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

B.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

C.   Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

D.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

A.   Incretin mimetics

B.   Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

C.   Sulfonylureas

D.   Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A.   Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

B.   Administer both medications simultaneously.

C.   Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

D.   Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

A.   A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

B.   A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

C.   A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

D.   A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

A.   "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose."

B.   "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose."

C.   "It promotes synthesis of amino acids."

D.   "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."

A.   "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."

B.   "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic."

C.   "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin."

D.   "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

A.   Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

B.   Immediately call the health care provider.

C.   Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

D.   Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

A.   Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

B.   Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

C.   Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

D.   Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

A.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

D.   Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

B.   Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

C.   Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

D.   Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

A.   Extreme hypoglycemia

B.   Increased weight

C.   High levels of endogenous insulin

D.   Presence of ketones in the serum