A.   Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin

B.   Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

C.   Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

D.   Treated with oral hypoglycemic

A.   Renal function

B.   Blood glucose levels

C.   Vitamin B12 levels

D.   The patient’s weight

A.   9:00 a.m.

B.   10:00 a.m.

C.   11:00 a.m.

D.   Noon

A.   Gluteus maximus

B.   Vastus lateralis

C.   Abdomen

D.   Deltoid

A.   Afrezza

B.   Humulin R

C.   Tresiba

D.   Levemir

A.   Serum albumin

B.   Fasting serum glucose level

C.   2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

D.   Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

A.   Sulfa antibiotics

B.   Diuretics

C.   Anabolic steroids

D.   Salicylates

A.   Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

B.   Initiates the glycogenolysis process

C.   Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

D.   Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

A.   Complete blindness

B.   Diabetic gastroparesis

C.   Bladder dysfunction

D.   Myocardial infarction

A.   Carbamazepine

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Cimetidine

D.   Erythromycin

A.   Between 6 and 6.4

B.   Less than 5.7

C.   Between 5.7 and 6

D.   Above 6.5

A.   Humulin R

B.   Afrezza

C.   Lantus

D.   Neutral protamin Hagedorn

A.   Thiazolidinediones

B.   Sulfonylureas

C.   Glinides

D.   Biguanides

A.   Thiazolidinediones

B.   Biguanides

C.   Glinides

D.   Sulfonylureas

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Insulin aspart

D.   Ultralente insulin

A.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

B.   Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

C.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

D.   Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

A.   Recurrent headaches

B.   Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Acute pancreatitis

D.   Insidious weight gain

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin glargine

C.   Insulin zinc suspension

D.   Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

A.   Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

B.   Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

C.   Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

D.   Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

A.   "You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe."

B.   "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day."

C.   "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects."

D.   "You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting."

A.   Flush the IV.

B.   Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

C.   Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

D.   Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

A.   Use the Z-track method for administration.

B.   Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

C.   Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

D.   Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

A.   "Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months."

B.   "You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour."

C.   "You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin."

D.   "Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies."

A.   Insulin glulisine

B.   Insulin aspart

C.   Insulin lispro

D.   Regular insulin

A.   "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours."

B.   "You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects."

C.   "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."

D.   "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."

A.   Pioglitazone

B.   Troglitazone

C.   Rosiglitazone

D.   Glimepiride

A.   Insulin detemir

B.   Insulin glulisine

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

A.   Glipizide

B.   Humalog insulin

C.   Metformin

D.   Glimepiride

A.   Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

B.   Glipizide, Pioglitazone

C.   Miglitol, Acarbose

D.   Nateglinide, Glipizide

A.   "I will limit my alcohol consumption."

B.   "I will take the medication only when I need it."

C.   "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

D.   "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite."

A.   Insulin, Glucagon

B.   Ketones, Dextrose

C.   Glycogen, Dextrose

D.   Ketones, Glycogen

A.   Renal function

B.   Cholesterol level

C.   Edema

D.   Weight gain

A.   "Do not take your metformin on the day of the test."

B.   "You can take the medication an hour after the test."

C.   "Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated."

D.   "There are chances of renal failure after the test."

A.   "If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose."

B.   "You should take the medication with food."

C.   "You should report any nausea immediately."

D.   "You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis."

A.   5:00 p.m.

B.   2:00 p.m.

C.   10:00 a.m.

D.   8:00 p.m.

A.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

B.   A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

C.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

D.   A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

A.   "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet."

B.   "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

C.   "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities." "Restrict sodium in your diet."

D.   "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

A.   Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

B.   Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

C.   It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

D.   It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

A.   Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

B.   Second-generation sulfonylureas

C.   Large weight gain

D.   Lack of sleep at night

A.   Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

B.   Arterial blood pH 7.4

C.   Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

D.   Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

A.   Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

B.   Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

C.   Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

D.   Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

A.   Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

B.   Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

C.   Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

D.   Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

C.   Insulin lispro

D.   Regular insulin

A.   "You need to change your eating habits."

B.   "Take a dose before bedtime every night."

C.   "Skip the dose when you skip a meal."

D.   "You need to eat three to four meals every day."

A.   Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

B.   Administer the insulin via IV pump.

C.   Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

D.   Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

A.   Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

B.   Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

C.   Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

D.   Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

A.   Exenatide

B.   Insulin

C.   Glucagon

D.   Liraglutide

A.   Acarbose

B.   Sitagliptin

C.   Exenatide

D.   Pramlintide

A.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Verify that insulin syringes are used. Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

B.   Verify that insulin syringes are used. Rotate the injection locations every week. Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

C.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Rotate the injection locations every week.

D.   Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Identify the intramuscular injection site.

A.   Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

B.   Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

C.   Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

D.   High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

A.   Lactic acidosis

B.   Increased metformin effects

C.   Decreased blood glucose levels

D.   Increased blood glucose levels

A.   Rifampin

B.   Carbamazepine

C.   Phenytoin

D.   Fluconazole

A.   Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

B.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

C.   Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

D.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

A.   Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

B.   Sulfonylureas

C.   Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

D.   Incretin mimetics

A.   Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

B.   Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

C.   Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

D.   Administer both medications simultaneously.

A.   A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

B.   A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

C.   A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

D.   A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

A.   "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."

B.   "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose."

C.   "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose."

D.   "It promotes synthesis of amino acids."

A.   "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."

B.   "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

C.   "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic."

D.   "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin."

A.   Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

B.   Immediately call the health care provider.

C.   Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

D.   Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

A.   Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

B.   Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

C.   Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

D.   Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

A.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

D.   Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

B.   Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

C.   Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

D.   Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

A.   Presence of ketones in the serum

B.   Extreme hypoglycemia

C.   Increased weight

D.   High levels of endogenous insulin