A.   Treated with oral hypoglycemic

B.   Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

C.   Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin

D.   Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

A.   Vitamin B12 levels

B.   Renal function

C.   The patient’s weight

D.   Blood glucose levels

A.   9:00 a.m.

B.   10:00 a.m.

C.   Noon

D.   11:00 a.m.

A.   Gluteus maximus

B.   Deltoid

C.   Abdomen

D.   Vastus lateralis

A.   Afrezza

B.   Levemir

C.   Humulin R

D.   Tresiba

A.   Fasting serum glucose level

B.   2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

C.   Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

D.   Serum albumin

A.   Diuretics

B.   Sulfa antibiotics

C.   Anabolic steroids

D.   Salicylates

A.   Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

B.   Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

C.   Initiates the glycogenolysis process

D.   Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

A.   Diabetic gastroparesis

B.   Myocardial infarction

C.   Complete blindness

D.   Bladder dysfunction

A.   Carbamazepine

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Erythromycin

D.   Cimetidine

A.   Less than 5.7

B.   Above 6.5

C.   Between 5.7 and 6

D.   Between 6 and 6.4

A.   Afrezza

B.   Humulin R

C.   Lantus

D.   Neutral protamin Hagedorn

A.   Thiazolidinediones

B.   Biguanides

C.   Glinides

D.   Sulfonylureas

A.   Thiazolidinediones

B.   Biguanides

C.   Sulfonylureas

D.   Glinides

A.   Ultralente insulin

B.   Insulin glargine

C.   Regular insulin

D.   Insulin aspart

A.   Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

B.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

C.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

D.   Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

A.   Acute pancreatitis

B.   Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Recurrent headaches

D.   Insidious weight gain

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Insulin zinc suspension

D.   Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

A.   Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

B.   Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

C.   Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

D.   Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

A.   "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects."

B.   "You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting."

C.   "You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe."

D.   "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day."

A.   Flush the IV.

B.   Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

C.   Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

D.   Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

A.   Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

B.   Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

C.   Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

D.   Use the Z-track method for administration.

A.   "You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin."

B.   "You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour."

C.   "Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies."

D.   "Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months."

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin aspart

C.   Insulin glulisine

D.   Insulin lispro

A.   "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours."

B.   "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."

C.   "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."

D.   "You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects."

A.   Pioglitazone

B.   Troglitazone

C.   Glimepiride

D.   Rosiglitazone

A.   Insulin detemir

B.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Insulin glulisine

A.   Glipizide

B.   Glimepiride

C.   Metformin

D.   Humalog insulin

A.   Glipizide, Pioglitazone

B.   Nateglinide, Glipizide

C.   Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

D.   Miglitol, Acarbose

A.   "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite."

B.   "I will take the medication only when I need it."

C.   "I will limit my alcohol consumption."

D.   "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

A.   Insulin, Glucagon

B.   Ketones, Glycogen

C.   Ketones, Dextrose

D.   Glycogen, Dextrose

A.   Edema

B.   Cholesterol level

C.   Renal function

D.   Weight gain

A.   "Do not take your metformin on the day of the test."

B.   "Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated."

C.   "There are chances of renal failure after the test."

D.   "You can take the medication an hour after the test."

A.   "You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis."

B.   "You should take the medication with food."

C.   "If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose."

D.   "You should report any nausea immediately."

A.   8:00 p.m.

B.   10:00 a.m.

C.   5:00 p.m.

D.   2:00 p.m.

A.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

B.   A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

C.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

D.   A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

A.   "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities." "Restrict sodium in your diet."

B.   "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

C.   "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

D.   "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet."

A.   Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

B.   It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

C.   It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

D.   Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

A.   Second-generation sulfonylureas

B.   Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

C.   Lack of sleep at night

D.   Large weight gain

A.   Arterial blood pH 7.4

B.   Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

C.   Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

D.   Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

A.   Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

B.   Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

C.   Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

D.   Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

A.   Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

B.   Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

C.   Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

D.   Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D.   Insulin lispro

A.   "You need to eat three to four meals every day."

B.   "Take a dose before bedtime every night."

C.   "Skip the dose when you skip a meal."

D.   "You need to change your eating habits."

A.   Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

B.   Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

C.   Administer the insulin via IV pump.

D.   Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

A.   Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

B.   Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

C.   Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

D.   Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

A.   Liraglutide

B.   Insulin

C.   Exenatide

D.   Glucagon

A.   Pramlintide

B.   Exenatide

C.   Acarbose

D.   Sitagliptin

A.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Rotate the injection locations every week.

B.   Verify that insulin syringes are used. Rotate the injection locations every week. Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

C.   Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Identify the intramuscular injection site.

D.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Verify that insulin syringes are used. Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

A.   Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

B.   Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

C.   Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

D.   High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

A.   Increased blood glucose levels

B.   Increased metformin effects

C.   Lactic acidosis

D.   Decreased blood glucose levels

A.   Rifampin

B.   Phenytoin

C.   Fluconazole

D.   Carbamazepine

A.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

B.   Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

C.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

D.   Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

A.   Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

B.   Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

C.   Incretin mimetics

D.   Sulfonylureas

A.   Administer both medications simultaneously.

B.   Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

C.   Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

D.   Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

A.   A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

B.   A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

C.   A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

D.   A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

A.   "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose."

B.   "It promotes synthesis of amino acids."

C.   "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose."

D.   "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."

A.   "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

B.   "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic."

C.   "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."

D.   "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin."

A.   Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

B.   Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

C.   Immediately call the health care provider.

D.   Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

A.   Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

B.   Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

C.   Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

D.   Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

A.   Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

D.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

B.   Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

C.   Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

D.   Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

A.   Extreme hypoglycemia

B.   Presence of ketones in the serum

C.   High levels of endogenous insulin

D.   Increased weight