A.   Treated with oral hypoglycemic

B.   Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

C.   Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

D.   Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin

A.   Blood glucose levels

B.   Vitamin B12 levels

C.   Renal function

D.   The patient’s weight

A.   Noon

B.   9:00 a.m.

C.   10:00 a.m.

D.   11:00 a.m.

A.   Gluteus maximus

B.   Deltoid

C.   Vastus lateralis

D.   Abdomen

A.   Tresiba

B.   Humulin R

C.   Levemir

D.   Afrezza

A.   2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

B.   Serum albumin

C.   Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

D.   Fasting serum glucose level

A.   Sulfa antibiotics

B.   Salicylates

C.   Anabolic steroids

D.   Diuretics

A.   Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

B.   Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

C.   Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

D.   Initiates the glycogenolysis process

A.   Bladder dysfunction

B.   Diabetic gastroparesis

C.   Complete blindness

D.   Myocardial infarction

A.   Carbamazepine

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Erythromycin

D.   Cimetidine

A.   Between 5.7 and 6

B.   Between 6 and 6.4

C.   Above 6.5

D.   Less than 5.7

A.   Lantus

B.   Humulin R

C.   Afrezza

D.   Neutral protamin Hagedorn

A.   Biguanides

B.   Glinides

C.   Sulfonylureas

D.   Thiazolidinediones

A.   Glinides

B.   Sulfonylureas

C.   Thiazolidinediones

D.   Biguanides

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin glargine

C.   Insulin aspart

D.   Ultralente insulin

A.   Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

B.   Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

C.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

D.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

A.   Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Insidious weight gain

C.   Acute pancreatitis

D.   Recurrent headaches

A.   Insulin zinc suspension

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

A.   Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

B.   Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

C.   Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

D.   Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

A.   "You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe."

B.   "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects."

C.   "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day."

D.   "You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting."

A.   Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

B.   Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

C.   Flush the IV.

D.   Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

A.   Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

B.   Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

C.   Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

D.   Use the Z-track method for administration.

A.   "Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months."

B.   "You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour."

C.   "You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin."

D.   "Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies."

A.   Insulin aspart

B.   Insulin lispro

C.   Regular insulin

D.   Insulin glulisine

A.   "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours."

B.   "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."

C.   "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."

D.   "You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects."

A.   Troglitazone

B.   Glimepiride

C.   Rosiglitazone

D.   Pioglitazone

A.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

B.   Insulin glulisine

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Insulin detemir

A.   Glipizide

B.   Metformin

C.   Humalog insulin

D.   Glimepiride

A.   Miglitol, Acarbose

B.   Glipizide, Pioglitazone

C.   Nateglinide, Glipizide

D.   Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

A.   "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

B.   "I will limit my alcohol consumption."

C.   "I will take the medication only when I need it."

D.   "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite."

A.   Ketones, Glycogen

B.   Insulin, Glucagon

C.   Ketones, Dextrose

D.   Glycogen, Dextrose

A.   Cholesterol level

B.   Renal function

C.   Edema

D.   Weight gain

A.   "You can take the medication an hour after the test."

B.   "Do not take your metformin on the day of the test."

C.   "There are chances of renal failure after the test."

D.   "Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated."

A.   "You should take the medication with food."

B.   "You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis."

C.   "If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose."

D.   "You should report any nausea immediately."

A.   10:00 a.m.

B.   8:00 p.m.

C.   2:00 p.m.

D.   5:00 p.m.

A.   A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

B.   A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

C.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

D.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

A.   "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet."

B.   "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

C.   "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities." "Restrict sodium in your diet."

D.   "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

A.   It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

B.   Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

C.   It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

D.   Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

A.   Second-generation sulfonylureas

B.   Lack of sleep at night

C.   Large weight gain

D.   Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

A.   Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

B.   Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

C.   Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

D.   Arterial blood pH 7.4

A.   Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

B.   Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

C.   Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

D.   Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

A.   Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

B.   Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

C.   Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

D.   Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin glargine

C.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D.   Insulin lispro

A.   "You need to change your eating habits."

B.   "Take a dose before bedtime every night."

C.   "Skip the dose when you skip a meal."

D.   "You need to eat three to four meals every day."

A.   Administer the insulin via IV pump.

B.   Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

C.   Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

D.   Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

A.   Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

B.   Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

C.   Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

D.   Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

A.   Liraglutide

B.   Exenatide

C.   Insulin

D.   Glucagon

A.   Exenatide

B.   Acarbose

C.   Pramlintide

D.   Sitagliptin

A.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Verify that insulin syringes are used. Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

B.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Rotate the injection locations every week.

C.   Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Identify the intramuscular injection site.

D.   Verify that insulin syringes are used. Rotate the injection locations every week. Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

A.   Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

B.   Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

C.   Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

D.   High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

A.   Increased metformin effects

B.   Decreased blood glucose levels

C.   Increased blood glucose levels

D.   Lactic acidosis

A.   Rifampin

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Phenytoin

D.   Carbamazepine

A.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

B.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

C.   Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

D.   Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

A.   Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

B.   Incretin mimetics

C.   Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

D.   Sulfonylureas

A.   Administer both medications simultaneously.

B.   Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

C.   Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

D.   Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

A.   A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

B.   A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

C.   A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

D.   A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

A.   "It promotes synthesis of amino acids."

B.   "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."

C.   "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose."

D.   "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose."

A.   "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic."

B.   "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

C.   "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."

D.   "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin."

A.   Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

B.   Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

C.   Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

D.   Immediately call the health care provider.

A.   Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

B.   Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

C.   Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

D.   Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

A.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

D.   Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

B.   Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

C.   Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

D.   Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

A.   High levels of endogenous insulin

B.   Extreme hypoglycemia

C.   Increased weight

D.   Presence of ketones in the serum