A.   Presence of high levels of endogenous insulin

B.   Caused by multifactorial genetic defects

C.   Occurs due to autoimmune destruction of beta-cell

D.   Treated with oral hypoglycemic

A.   Renal function

B.   Vitamin B12 levels

C.   The patient’s weight

D.   Blood glucose levels

A.   10:00 a.m.

B.   Noon

C.   11:00 a.m.

D.   9:00 a.m.

A.   Gluteus maximus

B.   Deltoid

C.   Vastus lateralis

D.   Abdomen

A.   Tresiba

B.   Afrezza

C.   Levemir

D.   Humulin R

A.   Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C)

B.   Fasting serum glucose level

C.   Serum albumin

D.   2-Hour postprandial blood glucose

A.   Salicylates

B.   Diuretics

C.   Sulfa antibiotics

D.   Anabolic steroids

A.   Initiates the glycogenolysis process

B.   Helps to keep the kidney free from glucose

C.   Stimulates carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue

D.   Assists in the conversion of glucose into glycogen

A.   Complete blindness

B.   Diabetic gastroparesis

C.   Myocardial infarction

D.   Bladder dysfunction

A.   Cimetidine

B.   Fluconazole

C.   Carbamazepine

D.   Erythromycin

A.   Between 6 and 6.4

B.   Above 6.5

C.   Between 5.7 and 6

D.   Less than 5.7

A.   Afrezza

B.   Humulin R

C.   Neutral protamin Hagedorn

D.   Lantus

A.   Glinides

B.   Thiazolidinediones

C.   Biguanides

D.   Sulfonylureas

A.   Sulfonylureas

B.   Thiazolidinediones

C.   Biguanides

D.   Glinides

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Regular insulin

C.   Ultralente insulin

D.   Insulin aspart

A.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of all cases of diabetes.

B.   Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to developing acute hypoglycemia.

C.   Endogenous insulin levels are elevated early in the disease.

D.   Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus require exogenous insulin.

A.   Recurrent headaches

B.   Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Insidious weight gain

D.   Acute pancreatitis

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin zinc suspension

C.   Isophane insulin suspension (NPH insulin)

D.   Insulin glargine

A.   Glimepiride, Metformin, Pioglitazone

B.   Metformin, Pioglitazone, Glipizide

C.   Glipizide, Glyburide, Glimepiride

D.   Glyburide, Metformin, Pioglitazone

A.   "You should inject this insulin just before meals, because it is very fast-acting."

B.   "You can mix this insulin with NPH insulin to enhance its effects."

C.   "The duration of action for this insulin is approximately 8 to 10 hours, so you will need to take it twice a day."

D.   "You cannot mix this insulin with any other insulin in the same syringe."

A.   Perform a fingerstick blood glucose test.

B.   Have the patient void and dipstick the urine.

C.   Make sure the patient eats breakfast immediately.

D.   Flush the IV.

A.   Draw up the regular insulin into the syringe first, followed by the cloudy NPH insulin.

B.   Administer these insulins at least 10 minutes apart so that you will know when they are working.

C.   Draw the medication into two separate syringes but inject it into the same spot.

D.   Use the Z-track method for administration.

A.   "Discontinue insulin if you are undergoing diagnostic studies."

B.   "Unused vials can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 months."

C.   "You need to obtain your blood glucose levels every hour."

D.   "You should eat 30 to 45 minutes before taking the NPH insulin."

A.   Regular insulin

B.   Insulin aspart

C.   Insulin glulisine

D.   Insulin lispro

A.   "You can mix this insulin with lente insulin to enhance its effects."

B.   "You cannot mix this insulin in the same syringe with regular insulin."

C.   "The duration of action of this insulin is about 8 to 10 hours."

D.   "This insulin is injected just before meals because it is very fast acting."

A.   Pioglitazone

B.   Rosiglitazone

C.   Troglitazone

D.   Glimepiride

A.   Insulin detemir

B.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

C.   Insulin glargine

D.   Insulin glulisine

A.   Humalog insulin

B.   Metformin

C.   Glimepiride

D.   Glipizide

A.   Miglitol, Acarbose

B.   Nateglinide, Pioglitazone

C.   Glipizide, Pioglitazone

D.   Nateglinide, Glipizide

A.   "I will report symptoms of fatigue and loss of appetite."

B.   "I will limit my alcohol consumption."

C.   "I will monitor my blood sugar daily."

D.   "I will take the medication only when I need it."

A.   Ketones, Glycogen

B.   Insulin, Glucagon

C.   Ketones, Dextrose

D.   Glycogen, Dextrose

A.   Edema

B.   Renal function

C.   Weight gain

D.   Cholesterol level

A.   "Your blood glucose levels need to be reevaluated."

B.   "Do not take your metformin on the day of the test."

C.   "There are chances of renal failure after the test."

D.   "You can take the medication an hour after the test."

A.   "If you miss a meal, you should skip the dose."

B.   "You should take the medication with food."

C.   "You should report any nausea immediately."

D.   "You will have a decreased risk of lactic acidosis."

A.   5:00 p.m.

B.   8:00 p.m.

C.   10:00 a.m.

D.   2:00 p.m.

A.   A 2-year-old child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus

B.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking glipizide

C.   A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who takes metformin

D.   A breastfeeding mother who is at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus

A.   "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

B.   "Restrict sodium in your diet." "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Include rest periods between physical activities."

C.   "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet." "Include rest periods between physical activities." "Restrict sodium in your diet."

D.   "Reduce the amount of alcohol you consume." "Incorporate daily physical exercise into your life." "Decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet."

A.   Insulin therapy is initiated when other methods have failed.

B.   It is ineffective without initial oral drug therapy.

C.   Insulin therapy may cause heart failure to develop.

D.   It is not generally prescribed for patients with obesity.

A.   Second-generation sulfonylureas

B.   Poor glycemic control of blood sugars

C.   Large weight gain

D.   Lack of sleep at night

A.   Arterial blood pH 7.4

B.   Creatinine clearance 1.8 mg/dL

C.   Alanine aminotransferase 55 U/L

D.   Fasting blood glucose 131 mg/dL

A.   Give insulin an hour after administering pramlintide.

B.   Reduce the needed pramlintide dose by 50%.

C.   Obtain a new prescription to change the medication.

D.   Reduce the needed insulin dose by 50%.

A.   Assess blood glucose levels before administering insulin.

B.   Consult the primary health care provider before administering acarbose.

C.   Assess the patient’s weight before administering the drug.

D.   Ask the patient about allergic reactions to any drugs.

A.   Insulin glargine

B.   Insulin lispro

C.   Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

D.   Regular insulin

A.   "You need to change your eating habits."

B.   "Take a dose before bedtime every night."

C.   "Skip the dose when you skip a meal."

D.   "You need to eat three to four meals every day."

A.   Monitor fingerstick at 2:00 p.m.

B.   Administer the insulin via IV pump.

C.   Make sure patient eats by 5:00 p.m.

D.   Assess for hyperglycemia by 10:00 a.m.

A.   Bloating, Diarrhea, Muscle pain

B.   Diarrhea, Bloating, Cold, clammy skin

C.   Muscle pain, Abdominal pain, Cold, clammy skin

D.   Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Bloating

A.   Liraglutide

B.   Insulin

C.   Exenatide

D.   Glucagon

A.   Acarbose

B.   Pramlintide

C.   Exenatide

D.   Sitagliptin

A.   Verify that insulin syringes are used. Rotate the injection locations every week. Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level.

B.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Rotate the injection locations every week.

C.   Monitor the patient’s fasting serum glucose level. Shake the drug vial gently for some time. Identify the intramuscular injection site.

D.   Identify the intramuscular injection site. Verify that insulin syringes are used. Shake the drug vial gently for some time.

A.   Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL, Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level

B.   Low pH, Low serum HCO3 level, High serum sodium level

C.   High serum sodium level, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Serum glucose level over 600 mg/dL

D.   Low pH, Serum osmolality of 380 mOsm/kg, Low serum HCO3 level

A.   Lactic acidosis

B.   Increased blood glucose levels

C.   Decreased blood glucose levels

D.   Increased metformin effects

A.   Fluconazole

B.   Carbamazepine

C.   Rifampin

D.   Phenytoin

A.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Irritability

B.   Tremor, Coma, Confusion, Irritability

C.   Tremor, Sweating, Confusion, Coma

D.   Tremor, Sweating, Coma, Irritability

A.   Sulfonylureas

B.   Incretin mimetics

C.   Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

D.   Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A.   Give both drugs and check the patient’s blood glucose.

B.   Administer both medications simultaneously.

C.   Notify the prescribing primary health care provider.

D.   Decrease the oral dose of glipizide.

A.   A patient with type 1 diabetes at risk for hypoglycemia

B.   A patient with diabetes who takes sulfasalazine for arthritis

C.   A patient who is also prescribed sitagliptin

D.   A patient with type 2 diabetes who has renal failure

A.   "It stimulates the pancreas to reabsorb glucose."

B.   "It promotes synthesis of amino acids."

C.   "It promotes the passage of glucose into cells for energy."

D.   "It stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose."

A.   "Sulfonylurea increases beta-cell stimulation to secrete insulin, and your beta cells do not contain insulin."

B.   "You must be mistaken. If your friend has diabetes mellitus, she is taking insulin."

C.   "You are unable to store glucose because you do not have insulin, and sulfonylurea helps with glucose storage."

D.   "Sulfonylurea will lower your blood sugar too much, and you will be hypoglycemic."

A.   Immediately check the patient’s blood glucose level.

B.   Inform the patient to take the medication 30 minutes before a meal.

C.   Immediately call the health care provider.

D.   Inform the patient to take the medication 15 minutes after a meal.

A.   Increased sensitivity of insulin receptor sites

B.   Adverse effects if combined with other antidiabetic agents

C.   Delayed absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines

D.   Stimulation of pancreatic insulin release

A.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Severe hypothermia, Extreme hyperglycemia

B.   Ketones in the urine, Severe hypothermia, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

C.   Ketones in the urine, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

D.   Severe hypothermia, Isotonic dehydration, Electrolyte imbalances, Extreme hyperglycemia

A.   Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine

B.   Glargine, Lispro, Regular insulin

C.   Glargine, Regular insulin, Aspart

D.   Glulisine, Regular insulin, Glargine

A.   Presence of ketones in the serum

B.   Extreme hypoglycemia

C.   Increased weight

D.   High levels of endogenous insulin