Anthropology 304 - Traditional Cultures of the World » Summer 2023 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Has definite concepts of property ownership, including land and material possessions
A.
Horticulture
B.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Agriculture
Question #2
Tend to be very small, mobile groups
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Horticulture
C.
Agriculture
D.
Pastoralism
Question #3
Often uses a digging stick as an important type of technology
A.
Agriculture
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Horticulture
Question #4
Most likely to have a socially stratified society
A.
Horticulture
B.
Agriculture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
Question #5
May depend of extended families to share the work and the animals
A.
Horticulture
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Agriculture
Question #6
May supplement the village food supply with other food-getting strategies, such as hunting
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Agriculture
D.
Horticulture
Question #7
Places relatively little cultural value on accumulation of material possessions
A.
Horticulture
B.
Agriculture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
Question #8
May use elaborate irrigation systems and develop social institutions to organize them
A.
Agriculture
B.
Horticulture
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Pastoralism
Question #9
Is usually quite egalitarian with very little labor specialization
A.
Pastoralism
B.
Horticulture
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Agriculture
Question #10
May use techniques called swidden or slash and burn
A.
Horticulture
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Agriculture
D.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
Question #11
Values personal qualities in males such as strength, courage, and endurance
A.
Horticulture
B.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
C.
Agriculture
D.
Pastoralism
Question #12
Reliance on domesticated animals for their livelihood
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Horticulture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Agriculture
Question #13
Although Anthropology is not the only discipline that studies people, it is unique compared to other disciplines because of ___________
A.
its emphasis on the biological aspects of the human experience
B.
its emphasis on the holistic perspective
C.
its emphasis on ancient civilizations
D.
its emphasis on studying contemporary culture
Question #14
Which of the following statements best exemplifies cultural relativism?
A.
The human experience is both cultural and biological
B.
My own culture makes a lot more sense than someone else's culture
C.
All cultures have value, and are meaningful, to their own members, even though I may not like some aspects of them
D.
New customs are hard to get used to
Question #15
All of the following statements describe types of anthropological study. Which one BEST fits the description of anthropological study OVERALL?
A.
The study of humans in all places, in the past and in the present
B.
The study of remote, isolated human groups
C.
The study of human evolution
D.
The study of ourselves and our own society
E.
The study of traditional people in small scale societies
Question #16
The information in your textbook was accumulated through _________
A.
the overactive dream life of Holly Peters Golden
B.
ethnography
C.
Google Scholar
D.
cultural accommodation
E.
Wikipedia
Question #17
Of the following choices, an ethnic group can be described as
A.
a group designated as an ethnicity by a large, complex society/government
B.
All of these are possible descriptions of an ethnic group
C.
a group sharing strong feelings of cultural identity
D.
a self-identified groups sharing language and history in common
Question #18
The killing [murdering] or groups of people, sometimes called "ethnic cleansing," is termed
A.
genocide
B.
anthrocide
C.
ethnocentrism
D.
homicide
E.
ethnocide
Question #19
A group that believes men or women should marry someone outside of their clan, village, tribe [or other group classification] is
A.
exogamous
B.
dichtomous
C.
endogamous
D.
using the totem system
E.
practicing arranged marriage
Question #20
The destruction of a people's culture is termed
A.
cultural degeneration
B.
genocide
C.
cultural murder
D.
E.
ethnocide
F.
acculturation
Question #21
The idea that one's own culture, beliefs, and values are better than those of other cultures is called _____________
A.
cultural particularism
B.
ethnocentrism
C.
cultural relativism
D.
acculturation
Question #22
The carrying capacity of an environment
A.
is generally never important to humans, only to non-human animals
B.
refers to the upper limit of population an area can support
C.
is solely determined by the technology used by the people living in it
D.
refers only to the amount of wildlife in the area--for example, game animals
Question #23
The type of anthropological field study/field method, in which the investigator lives with and enters as much as possible into the daily lives of the people he or she is studying, is BEST described as ______________
A.
cultural relativism
B.
holism
C.
participant observation
D.
ethnocentrism
E.
applied anthropology
Question #24
People who have always lived in a place, or believe they have always lived in a place; the "original" inhabitants of a region . . .
A.
primitive natives
B.
indigenous
C.
endogamous
D.
ethnic groups
E.
ethnocentrical
Question #25
The Nenetsi Samoyeds are an example of people who rely on what kind of subsistence method?
A.
agriculture
B.
pastoralism
C.
modern consumerism
D.
horticulture
Question #26
Traditional Inuit people subsisting on a diet of nearly all fat and protein
A.
got sufficient vitamin C from raw meat and whale blubber
B.
got vitamin C from the stomach contents of plant-eating animals they hunted
C.
got no vitamin C at all, and this was a serious problem for them, causing widespread scurvy
D.
developed physiological adaptations, enabling them to live without any vitamin C
Question #27
Which of the following would be of the greatest importance to people who lived by hunting-gathering/foraging, regardless of the type of environment in which they lived [that is, desert, forest, jungle, whatever]?
A.
Invention of pottery
B.
Carrying capacity
C.
Farm animals
D.
Irrigation
E.
Permanent villages
Question #28
Which of the following statements about the Nenetsi Samoyeds is NOT true? [after having watched the film, this should be easy]
A.
They buy canned fish and other foods at the trading post store
B.
Although in general they physically resemble Eskimo people, some Nenetsi appear to be naturally blonde
C.
Because they use reindeer for all the functions dogs fulfill for Inuits, the Nenetsi have no dogs at all
D.
In summer the Yamal Peninsula is a lush green grassland
E.
They have a radio inside their teepee
Question #29
There are more than 5000 ethnic groups in the world, but only approximately 200 nations in the world.
A.
True
B.
False
Question #30
How did European contact through the fur trade influence Ojibwa life?
A.
The diffusion of western technology made Ojibwa more independent from Europeans
B.
Interaction with traders introduced the principle of gift exchange to the Ojibwa
C.
Migration into new areas resulted in more unity among the Ojibwa
D.
Animals Ojibwa once hunted mainly for subsistence were now trapped mostly for trade
Question #31
The Ojibwa understood the world to be divided into what two categories?
A.
Animate and inanimate
B.
Body and mind
C.
Dreams and reality
D.
Natural and cultural
Question #32
Which of the following best describes the subsistence strategy of the aboriginal [pre-contact] Ojibwa people?
A.
pastoralists, mainly raising horses and sheep
B.
hunter-gatherers who depended on sea mammals
C.
intensive agriculture of corn with complex irrigation systems
D.
semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers
Question #33
In the 17th century, the Ojibwa population spread into what is now the north-midwestern U.S. and southern Canada. What was the reason for this geographic expansion?
A.
Constant warfare among Ojibwa bands
B.
A massive drought sent the Ojibwa searching for new agricultural lands
C.
The decline of the northwestern fur trade
D.
The successful attack against the invading Iroquois
Question #34
With regard to the Ojibwa, what policy did 19th century Canadian and American governments have in common?
A.
They ensured that Ojibwa people would receive land and tools for farming
B.
They resettled Ojibwas populations onto reservations and redirected them towards agriculture
C.
They preserved Ojibwa culture in its pre-contact state
D.
They protected Ojibwa lands from incursions by settlers and industrialists
Question #35
How has life for contemporary Ojibwa changed in recent decades?
A.
There has been a return to rural places, from the city
B.
Some experience a feeling of loss at having been raised in cities instead of reservations
C.
They have completely lost all sense of unique cultural identity
D.
The U.S. government has grown less sensitive to the preservation of Ojibwa culture
Question #36
During the mid-19th century, Ojibwa people made their tools out of ______ instead of bone and stone.
A.
Steel
B.
Iron
C.
Wood
D.
Silver
Question #37
Within Ojibwa culture, which of the following is a prerequisite before one can hunt or gather?
A.
Permission from the village chief
B.
An intention to use every part of the animal or plant one is foraging for
C.
Assistance from a shaman who can divine the location of the plant or animal
D.
Permission from the "owner" of the plant or animal
Question #38
Prior to their settlement onto reservations, what dictated why/when Ojibwa bands would move from one settlement to another?
A.
The seasons and the environment particular to each band
B.
Nothing, it was completely arbitrary
C.
Spiritual visions of animal "grandfathers"
D.
The decision to move was made by elected chiefs
Question #39
What epidemic was falsely claimed to be perpetuated among the Yanomamo in 1968, in the name of eugenics?
A.
Mumps
B.
Tuberculosis
C.
Measles
D.
Smallpox
Question #40
According to Napoleon Chagnon, what animal exemplifies the theme of nature vs. culture in Yanomamo myth?
A.
Jaguar
B.
Snake
C.
Armadillo
D.
Monkey
Question #41
What is the preferred form of marriage among the Yanomamo?
A.
Cross-cousin marriage
B.
Diagonal-cousin marriage
C.
Parallel-cousin marriage
D.
Horizontal-cousin marriage
Question #42
In what two South American countries do the Yanomamo live?
A.
Venezuela and Peru
B.
Brazil and Venezuela
C.
Brazil and Argentina
D.
Peru and Colombia
Question #43
The living space constructed by the Yanomamo, which contains individual homes under one roof, is called a
A.
Shabono
B.
Garimpeiro
C.
Wayumi
D.
Hut
Question #44
Only one crop that the Yanomamo grow is protected with fences, because to be without it is to be considered "poor." What crop is this?
A.
Tobacco
B.
Plantain
C.
Taro
D.
Manioc
Question #45
An important component in creating and maintaining political alliances among Yanomamo villages/groups is
A.
regular meetings among the chiefs
B.
regular meetings among the shamans
C.
wife sharing
D.
visiting and feasting in each other's villages
Question #46
A.
plantain
B.
manioc
C.
taro
D.
peach palm fruit
E.
mongongo nut
Question #47
Can be a real advantage for your body in an arctic environment
A.
Sledges
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
Brown fat
D.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
Question #48
Transportation for the Nenetsi
A.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
B.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
C.
Shabono
D.
Sledges
Question #49
Devouring the souls of the Yanomamo's enemies
A.
Shabono
B.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
C.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
D.
Taiga
Question #50
Losing their traditional faith in the natural world
A.
Brown fat
B.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
C.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
D.
Sledges
Question #51
Yanomamo village housing
A.
Shabono
B.
Totem
C.
Taiga
D.
Tundra
Question #52
Far northern forest, adapted to harsh weather conditions
A.
Ebene
B.
Taiga
C.
Tundra
D.
Totem
Question #53
Animal that symbolically represents a group of people
A.
Totem
B.
Sledges
C.
Shabono
D.
Taiga
Question #54
Sky layer above the earth, in one model of the universe
A.
Place for a good Yanomamo after death
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
Ebene
D.
Tundra
Question #55
Hallucinogenic powder used for magical purposes
A.
Taiga
B.
Ebene
C.
Totem
D.
Shabono
Question #56
Boggy or partially frozen, even in summer
A.
Tundra
B.
Ebene
C.
Totem
D.
Taiga
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