Anthropology 304 - Traditional Cultures of the World » Summer 2023 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Has definite concepts of property ownership, including land and material possessions
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Agriculture
D.
Horticulture
Question #2
Tend to be very small, mobile groups
A.
Agriculture
B.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Horticulture
Question #3
Often uses a digging stick as an important type of technology
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Agriculture
D.
Horticulture
Question #4
Most likely to have a socially stratified society
A.
Agriculture
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Horticulture
Question #5
May depend of extended families to share the work and the animals
A.
Horticulture
B.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
C.
Agriculture
D.
Pastoralism
Question #6
May supplement the village food supply with other food-getting strategies, such as hunting
A.
Horticulture
B.
Agriculture
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Pastoralism
Question #7
Places relatively little cultural value on accumulation of material possessions
A.
Agriculture
B.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Horticulture
Question #8
May use elaborate irrigation systems and develop social institutions to organize them
A.
Pastoralism
B.
Horticulture
C.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
D.
Agriculture
Question #9
Is usually quite egalitarian with very little labor specialization
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Pastoralism
C.
Agriculture
D.
Horticulture
Question #10
May use techniques called swidden or slash and burn
A.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
B.
Agriculture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Horticulture
Question #11
Values personal qualities in males such as strength, courage, and endurance
A.
Horticulture
B.
Agriculture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
Question #12
Reliance on domesticated animals for their livelihood
A.
Horticulture
B.
Agriculture
C.
Pastoralism
D.
Foraging/hunting-gathering
Question #13
Although Anthropology is not the only discipline that studies people, it is unique compared to other disciplines because of ___________
A.
its emphasis on studying contemporary culture
B.
its emphasis on the holistic perspective
C.
its emphasis on the biological aspects of the human experience
D.
its emphasis on ancient civilizations
Question #14
Which of the following statements best exemplifies cultural relativism?
A.
New customs are hard to get used to
B.
My own culture makes a lot more sense than someone else's culture
C.
All cultures have value, and are meaningful, to their own members, even though I may not like some aspects of them
D.
The human experience is both cultural and biological
Question #15
All of the following statements describe types of anthropological study. Which one BEST fits the description of anthropological study OVERALL?
A.
The study of human evolution
B.
The study of ourselves and our own society
C.
The study of humans in all places, in the past and in the present
D.
The study of remote, isolated human groups
E.
The study of traditional people in small scale societies
Question #16
The information in your textbook was accumulated through _________
A.
the overactive dream life of Holly Peters Golden
B.
Wikipedia
C.
Google Scholar
D.
cultural accommodation
E.
ethnography
Question #17
Of the following choices, an ethnic group can be described as
A.
a group sharing strong feelings of cultural identity
B.
a self-identified groups sharing language and history in common
C.
a group designated as an ethnicity by a large, complex society/government
D.
All of these are possible descriptions of an ethnic group
Question #18
The killing [murdering] or groups of people, sometimes called "ethnic cleansing," is termed
A.
genocide
B.
anthrocide
C.
ethnocide
D.
homicide
E.
ethnocentrism
Question #19
A group that believes men or women should marry someone outside of their clan, village, tribe [or other group classification] is
A.
exogamous
B.
practicing arranged marriage
C.
dichtomous
D.
using the totem system
E.
endogamous
Question #20
The destruction of a people's culture is termed
A.
acculturation
B.
cultural degeneration
C.
cultural murder
D.
ethnocide
E.
F.
genocide
Question #21
The idea that one's own culture, beliefs, and values are better than those of other cultures is called _____________
A.
cultural relativism
B.
ethnocentrism
C.
acculturation
D.
cultural particularism
Question #22
The carrying capacity of an environment
A.
is solely determined by the technology used by the people living in it
B.
refers to the upper limit of population an area can support
C.
refers only to the amount of wildlife in the area--for example, game animals
D.
is generally never important to humans, only to non-human animals
Question #23
The type of anthropological field study/field method, in which the investigator lives with and enters as much as possible into the daily lives of the people he or she is studying, is BEST described as ______________
A.
participant observation
B.
applied anthropology
C.
ethnocentrism
D.
cultural relativism
E.
holism
Question #24
People who have always lived in a place, or believe they have always lived in a place; the "original" inhabitants of a region . . .
A.
ethnocentrical
B.
ethnic groups
C.
primitive natives
D.
endogamous
E.
indigenous
Question #25
The Nenetsi Samoyeds are an example of people who rely on what kind of subsistence method?
A.
modern consumerism
B.
horticulture
C.
agriculture
D.
pastoralism
Question #26
Traditional Inuit people subsisting on a diet of nearly all fat and protein
A.
got no vitamin C at all, and this was a serious problem for them, causing widespread scurvy
B.
developed physiological adaptations, enabling them to live without any vitamin C
C.
got vitamin C from the stomach contents of plant-eating animals they hunted
D.
got sufficient vitamin C from raw meat and whale blubber
Question #27
Which of the following would be of the greatest importance to people who lived by hunting-gathering/foraging, regardless of the type of environment in which they lived [that is, desert, forest, jungle, whatever]?
A.
Permanent villages
B.
Carrying capacity
C.
Invention of pottery
D.
Irrigation
E.
Farm animals
Question #28
Which of the following statements about the Nenetsi Samoyeds is NOT true? [after having watched the film, this should be easy]
A.
They buy canned fish and other foods at the trading post store
B.
They have a radio inside their teepee
C.
Although in general they physically resemble Eskimo people, some Nenetsi appear to be naturally blonde
D.
In summer the Yamal Peninsula is a lush green grassland
E.
Because they use reindeer for all the functions dogs fulfill for Inuits, the Nenetsi have no dogs at all
Question #29
There are more than 5000 ethnic groups in the world, but only approximately 200 nations in the world.
A.
False
B.
True
Question #30
How did European contact through the fur trade influence Ojibwa life?
A.
Migration into new areas resulted in more unity among the Ojibwa
B.
The diffusion of western technology made Ojibwa more independent from Europeans
C.
Animals Ojibwa once hunted mainly for subsistence were now trapped mostly for trade
D.
Interaction with traders introduced the principle of gift exchange to the Ojibwa
Question #31
The Ojibwa understood the world to be divided into what two categories?
A.
Body and mind
B.
Animate and inanimate
C.
Dreams and reality
D.
Natural and cultural
Question #32
Which of the following best describes the subsistence strategy of the aboriginal [pre-contact] Ojibwa people?
A.
hunter-gatherers who depended on sea mammals
B.
pastoralists, mainly raising horses and sheep
C.
semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers
D.
intensive agriculture of corn with complex irrigation systems
Question #33
In the 17th century, the Ojibwa population spread into what is now the north-midwestern U.S. and southern Canada. What was the reason for this geographic expansion?
A.
The successful attack against the invading Iroquois
B.
Constant warfare among Ojibwa bands
C.
A massive drought sent the Ojibwa searching for new agricultural lands
D.
The decline of the northwestern fur trade
Question #34
With regard to the Ojibwa, what policy did 19th century Canadian and American governments have in common?
A.
They ensured that Ojibwa people would receive land and tools for farming
B.
They preserved Ojibwa culture in its pre-contact state
C.
They resettled Ojibwas populations onto reservations and redirected them towards agriculture
D.
They protected Ojibwa lands from incursions by settlers and industrialists
Question #35
How has life for contemporary Ojibwa changed in recent decades?
A.
They have completely lost all sense of unique cultural identity
B.
The U.S. government has grown less sensitive to the preservation of Ojibwa culture
C.
There has been a return to rural places, from the city
D.
Some experience a feeling of loss at having been raised in cities instead of reservations
Question #36
During the mid-19th century, Ojibwa people made their tools out of ______ instead of bone and stone.
A.
Steel
B.
Silver
C.
Wood
D.
Iron
Question #37
A.
Assistance from a shaman who can divine the location of the plant or animal
B.
Permission from the "owner" of the plant or animal
C.
Permission from the village chief
D.
An intention to use every part of the animal or plant one is foraging for
Question #38
Prior to their settlement onto reservations, what dictated why/when Ojibwa bands would move from one settlement to another?
A.
The seasons and the environment particular to each band
B.
The decision to move was made by elected chiefs
C.
Nothing, it was completely arbitrary
D.
Spiritual visions of animal "grandfathers"
Question #39
What epidemic was falsely claimed to be perpetuated among the Yanomamo in 1968, in the name of eugenics?
A.
Tuberculosis
B.
Measles
C.
Mumps
D.
Smallpox
Question #40
According to Napoleon Chagnon, what animal exemplifies the theme of nature vs. culture in Yanomamo myth?
A.
Monkey
B.
Snake
C.
Jaguar
D.
Armadillo
Question #41
What is the preferred form of marriage among the Yanomamo?
A.
Horizontal-cousin marriage
B.
Parallel-cousin marriage
C.
Diagonal-cousin marriage
D.
Cross-cousin marriage
Question #42
In what two South American countries do the Yanomamo live?
A.
Peru and Colombia
B.
Brazil and Argentina
C.
Venezuela and Peru
D.
Brazil and Venezuela
Question #43
The living space constructed by the Yanomamo, which contains individual homes under one roof, is called a
A.
Shabono
B.
Garimpeiro
C.
Hut
D.
Wayumi
Question #44
Only one crop that the Yanomamo grow is protected with fences, because to be without it is to be considered "poor." What crop is this?
A.
Tobacco
B.
Manioc
C.
Plantain
D.
Taro
Question #45
An important component in creating and maintaining political alliances among Yanomamo villages/groups is
A.
visiting and feasting in each other's villages
B.
wife sharing
C.
regular meetings among the chiefs
D.
regular meetings among the shamans
Question #46
A.
mongongo nut
B.
peach palm fruit
C.
plantain
D.
manioc
E.
taro
Question #47
Can be a real advantage for your body in an arctic environment
A.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
Brown fat
D.
Sledges
Question #48
Transportation for the Nenetsi
A.
Shabono
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
Sledges
D.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
Question #49
Devouring the souls of the Yanomamo's enemies
A.
Taiga
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
D.
Shabono
Question #50
Losing their traditional faith in the natural world
A.
Brown fat
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
A modern Ojibwa spiritual problem
D.
Sledges
Question #51
Yanomamo village housing
A.
Shabono
B.
Taiga
C.
Tundra
D.
Totem
Question #52
Far northern forest, adapted to harsh weather conditions
A.
Ebene
B.
Taiga
C.
Totem
D.
Tundra
Question #53
Animal that symbolically represents a group of people
A.
Shabono
B.
Totem
C.
Sledges
D.
Taiga
Question #54
Sky layer above the earth, in one model of the universe
A.
Place for a good Yanomamo after death
B.
One possible job for the hekura spitits
C.
Ebene
D.
Tundra
Question #55
Hallucinogenic powder used for magical purposes
A.
Taiga
B.
Totem
C.
Shabono
D.
Ebene
Question #56
Boggy or partially frozen, even in summer
A.
Totem
B.
Ebene
C.
Taiga
D.
Tundra
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