A.   All of these

B.   Pierced with small holes representing stars of four constellations. 

C.   Align with the sunrise and sunset on summer and winter solstices.

D.   Arranged in a cross pattern in the desert.

A.   By building sculpture in the landscape.

B.   Through Choreography and Dance.

C.   None of these

D.   Through painting the Northern California landscape.

A.   Drawing

B.   Collage

C.   Building

D.   Writing

A.   Air

B.   Concrete

C.   Light

D.   Wood

A.   Immigrants had very little to do with building cities and urban parks in 19th century America. They lived in slums, squatted on and lived off the land. 20,000 workers - Yankee engineers, Irish laborers, German gardeners, and native-born stonecutters - reshaped the site's topography to create urban park pastoral landscapes.

B.   None of these

C.   Central Park was conceived as the antidote—the one-stop shop to solve all the problems New Yorkers blamed on immigrants. 20,000 workers - Yankee engineers, Irish laborers, German gardeners, and native-born stonecutters - reshaped the site's topography to create urban park pastoral landscapes.

D.   Central Park was conceived as the antidote—the one-stop shop to solve all the problems New Yorkers blamed on immigrants. Immigrants had very little to do with building cities and urban parks in 19th century America. They lived in slums, squatted on and lived off the land.

A.   Designing both sides differently on either side of a central axis.

B.   Creating a focal point at the end of a central axis.

C.   Creating a mirror image on either side along a central axis.

D.   Creating informal curved paths with an element of surprise at the terminus. 

A.   None of these

B.   Designed to keep students from getting on to the lawn Used for sheltered circulation and a porch.

C.   Unifying architectural elements. Designed to keep students from getting on to the lawn

D.   Unifying architectural elements. Used for sheltered circulation and a porch.

A.   A large 'D'-Shaped building with 800 circular, underground shelters and common-use kivas.

B.   An urban plaza surrounded by homes of indigenous people.

C.   A series of stacked pueblo structures located in Taos, New Mexico.

D.   A high-rise commune located in the high desert southwest, New Mexico.

A.   To separate vehicular and pedestrian circulation.

B.   Create a Democratic institution by virtue of mixing classes.

C.   All of these.

D.   The park was to be a unified work of landscape art.

A.   It serves as a backyard for city residents. It connects people to nature.

B.   It serves as a backyard for city residents. It contains a series of separate park spaces – one for each neighborhood.

C.   None of these

D.   It contains a series of separate park spaces – one for each neighborhood. It connects people to nature.

A.   The World's Fair, New York 

B.   Central Park, New York City

C.   The Great White City, Chicago 

D.   The Mall, Washington, D.C.

A.   A painterly approach to garden planting.

B.   All of these.

C.   Utilizing the concept of drifts of planting. 

D.   The informal and naturalistic look to her gardens.

A.   Designing a series of graded flat sites, each containing an arbor and public lawn. A careful selection of plants, materials and ornament; defining each room's character and use.

B.   None of these

C.   Creating a series of terraced garden rooms and vistas. A careful selection of plants, materials and ornament; defining each room's character and use.

D.   Creating a series of terraced garden rooms and vistas. Designing a series of graded flat sites, each containing an arbor and public lawn.

A.   Eckbo and Kiley

B.   Rose and Rose

C.   The Olmsted Brothers

D.   Greene and Greene

A.   The whole building was entirely built of wood. The structure of the house is externalized.

B.   The visual importance of the aesthetic nature of joints. The whole building was entirely built of wood.

C.   The visual importance of the aesthetic nature of joints. The structure of the house is externalized.

D.   None of these

A.   Chrysler Building

B.   All of these

C.   Rockefeller Center

D.   Radio City Music Hall

A.   To build every landscape detail with Corten Steel. 

B.   To solely work alone, never with architects or teams.

C.   To forge new relationships with the site's surroundings.

D.   To avoid detail and craft in her landscape project work. 

A.   The desert ecoregion as places containing layered sand dunes and oasis environments.

B.   The Land Ethic in enlarging boundaries of the natural community, to include aspects of the land, collectively.

C.   Suburban sprawl development of communities on rural or abandoned sites.

D.   The layering of design aspects to determine the best places for design interventions on sites.

A.   Aldo Leopold

B.   John Muir

C.   Ansel Adams

D.   Henry David Thoreau

A.   The Theodore Payne Foundation, California Native Plants

B.   The Theodore Payne Foundation, Urban Ecology in cities

C.   None of these

D.   Urban Ecology in cities, California Native Plants

A.   Low, horizontal lines to blend with the flat landscape.

B.   All of these.

C.   Structures built around a central chimney.

D.   A blurred distinction between interior and exterior terrain.

A.   All of these

B.   Harmony between man and nature

C.   Japanese Architecture

D.   Organic philosophy

A.   Used Tropical plants in every project

B.   Disliked straight lines

C.   Designed gardens based on Modern Art

D.   Always used imported landscape materials

A.   Garden designs for people of specific socio-economic groups. 

B.   Plants chosen as much for their structure as flower color.

C.   Designs utilizing artificial plants for low maintenance. 

D.   Formal rows of plants in his garden designs.

A.   The Village

B.   The District

C.   The Camp

D.   The Ward

A.   None of these

B.   A federal law that provides funding for low income housing in disadvantaged neighborhoods.

C.   The power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use.

D.   Part of the 5th Amendment, which provides for no compensation to private land owners when the government seizes their property.

A.   Marris believes that the modern conservation movement is in need of a paradigm shift. She rejects the implicit idea of purity that lies at the foundation of the wilderness ethic. Marris believes that pristine and untouched wilderness exists in our own backyrads and everywhere in the 21st Century.

B.   None of these

C.   Marris believes that the modern conservation movement is in need of a paradigm shift. She rejects the implicit idea of purity that lies at the foundation of the wilderness ethic. Marris argues that there are now no ecosystems on Earth that have not been affected by us in some way.

D.   Marris believes that pristine and untouched wilderness exists in our own backyrads and everywhere in the 21st Century. Marris argues that there are now no ecosystems on Earth that have not been affected by us in some way.

A.   Repton designed landscapes to be composed like landscape paintings with a foreground, a middle ground and a background.

B.   Repton concentrated on synthetic materials in every detail as a foundation of the work.

C.   Repton embraced a systematic approach by designing resilient landscapes.

D.   Repton was a formal designer, celebrating structure over the whimsical.

A.   To live with dignity 

B.   All of these

C.   To be connected

D.   To be interpreted

A.   All of these

B.   A flexible and accommodating event venue

C.   A welcoming civic front yard

D.   A model for sustainability and resilience

A.   Manufactured plastics

B.   Concrete with exposed rebar

C.   Ephemeral or organic materials

D.   Quarried local Travertine

A.   Rites and political meetings

B.   For spiritual ceremonies

C.   Domestic residences

D.   All of these

A.   The ha-ha wall was a wall constructed with brightly colored and reflective materials.

B.   Ha-ha walls were used to separate the working farm from the pleasure grounds and keep farm animals contained, without a vertical, visual obstruction.

C.   Ha-ha walls were constructed as whimsical structures to make users smile.

D.   None of these

A.   The work essentially consists of what is not there, what has been displaced, yet it is still a sculpture.

B.   Double Negative is a series of glass mirrors in the desert reflecting a mirror image of the piece.

C.   The land art piece Double Negative communicates a negative idea toward art in the landscape.

D.   None of these

A.   Landscape for play for inner city families.

B.   Academic research on green infrastructure.

C.   None of these

D.   Public interest and environmental justice in landscape architecture.

A.   Sustainable campus design

B.   Agrarian Democracy

C.   Planning for inclusive social interaction

D.   Colonial American values

A.   Modernism and Post-Modernism

B.   Conceptualism and Minimalism

C.   Baroque and Renaissance

D.   The City Beautiful and Beaux Arts

A.   The creation of tree shade and a decrease in the heat island effect on the property.

B.   Increased income for the Vanderbilt’s as a result of the increase in timber production.

C.   The establishment of the first forestry education program in the United States.

D.   There was an increased supply of timber to build an additional estate on the grounds.

A.   She got her inspiration from a passage in Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech. The micro climate cooling effect of water as a material.

B.   The micro climate cooling effect of water as a material. So visitors could touch the water, creating a personal influence to the piece.

C.   None of these

D.   She got her inspiration from a passage in Martin Luther King Jr's "I have a dream" speech. So visitors could touch the water, creating a personal influence to the piece.

A.   None of these

B.   To create works of art for joy and beauty. To create new ways of seeing familiar landscapes

C.   To create works of art for joy and beauty. To place fabric on the land to measure wind velocity

D.   To place fabric on the land to measure wind velocity. To create new ways of seeing familiar landscapes