A.   Avoid interactions with siblings

B.   Brag about their good fortune by speaking gesema

C.   Soften

D.   Acquire the proper sex roles

A.   It is appropriate for men to be very demanding, and even have a tantrum.

B.   Men are assumed to be powerful sexually, and to take many wives from among their enemies.

C.   Men are expected to be quiet and stoic.

D.   Men should strive to become a Big Man by the time they're married and have begun to have children.

E.   Men are expected to show humility to all.

A.   cultural to natural

B.   softness to hardness

C.   maleness to femaleness

D.   social to individual

A.   If a person's "shadow" comes to harm, so will they

B.   If a person dies, their "shadow" disappears along with their body

C.   The "shadow" is less real than the person is

D.   The "shadow" is trapped within the body of its counterpart

A.   They give the performers gifts of pigs and sago

B.   They sit silently, showing respect for the performance.

C.   They burn the performers with resin torches on their backs and necks

D.   They offer the performers women for marriage

A.   False

B.   True

A.   True

B.   False

A.   The Kaluli have headmen or "big men" who increase their political status through generosity

B.   The Kaluli are highly egalitarian and lack methods of enhancing individual wealth

C.   The Kaluli do not depend on kinship to organize socio-political relationships

D.   The Kaluli utilize reciprocal gift giving as a fundamental dimension of social life

A.   very frightening; that's why no one ever went into the forest, for any reason

B.   beautiful and peaceful; the Asmat were nature lovers like the Kaluli

C.   sacred yet scary; it was full of all kinds of spirits

D.   of little consequence; they had no particular feelings about it--it was just "there"

A.   put a curse on white people, and hopefully drive them away

B.   send the dead on their way to the next world [the afterlife] with honor

C.   purify men before they engaged in the very dangerous activity of collecting honey from extremely tall trees

D.   make sure that, through headhunting, male virility was kept at a high level

E.   prevent evil spirits from entering the sacred forest

A.   mostly mountains

B.   mostly mud, water and trees

C.   mostly desert

D.   mostly a jumble of limestone covered with shrubs

E.   mostly cloud forest

A.   Milk and milk products--like most cattle herders, the Asmat rarely killed their animals for food

B.   Sago palm starch--squeezed from palm tree cores

C.   Yams and pigs--like all indigenous groups in New Guinea

D.   Pig meat--the Asmat were almost totally meat eaters, since they believed plants were sacred

E.   Starchy root products like plantains and taro--grown in their garden

A.   True

B.   False

A.   Because the Asmat viewed their environment as such a frightening place, they are actually grateful to the loggers for cutting down the "headhunter" trees

B.   The "white people" always try to impose their bad habits on the Asmat, like smoking cigarettes--which Asmat men almost universally find disgusting

C.   All of these answers are correct

D.   Sadly, work is no longer meaningful and important because it isn't done for the sake of ritual anymore

A.   the man who is the most persuasive and the best talker

B.   "Big Man" is a title given to New Guinea kings, a position that is hereditary

C.   the man who is the tallest and most muscular

D.   the man who is a chief, who has complete control over his people

A.   polyamory or group marriage

B.   polyandry

C.   same-sex marriage

D.   polygyny

A.   hunter-gatherer

B.   horticulturalist

C.   intensive agriculturalist

D.   pastoralist

A.   It is renowned among collectors for its many large mammal species, such as elephants and rhinos

B.   It frequently suffers from droughts due to the influence of the ITCZ on weather patterns

C.   It is known for the lack of variety of vegetation, having little other than palm trees and mangrove swamps

D.   It has densely populated high valleys in the central mountain ranges, unknown by outsiders until the early 20th century

A.   Men have little power, because most New Guinea cultures practice matrilineal marriage; this is why they compensate with Big Man practices, which allows the society to be more gender-balanced

B.   Men look upon women as sexual goddesses, who frequently entice men into cheating on their wives

C.   Men often believe women are polluting and scary, and they can steal a man's power through sexual intercourse

D.   Men believe male virility can be kept at a high level only through frequent sexual relations with as many women as possible

E.   Women are scary and have legal power, because village law states they may kill their husbands while they are asleep if they can document abuse

A.   bananas and breadfruit

B.   animals obtained by hunting

C.   yams, along with domesticated pigs

D.   mongongo nuts

A.   women in these cultures are known to collect 80% of the food, thus having multiple wives means you will automatically be a Big Man

B.   women care for the pigs, and the more pigs you have, the more status you have

C.   the more wives you have, the more sex you can have

D.   multiple wives give a man high ceremonial status as Chief in the Big House

E.   men without wives are considered outcasts

A.   Nuer and Baka peoples

B.   Kaluli and Asmat peoples

C.   Ju/'hoansi and Nuer peoples

D.   Yanomamo and Nenetsi peoples

E.   Azande and Bambuti peoples

A.   Pasture poisoned by industrial pollution

B.   The prevalence of sleeping sickness

C.   The legacy of colonial governments

D.   Belief systems that cattle are sacred and thus can't be kept as herd animals

E.   Malaria epidemics

A.   Nuer

B.   Kaluli

C.   Baka

D.   Azande

E.   Ju/'hoansi

A.   Nuer

B.   Azande

C.   Baka

D.   Kaluli

E.   Ju/'hoansi

A.   True

B.   False

A.   True

B.   False

A.   Kaluli

B.   Ju/'hoansi

C.   Nuer

D.   Baka

E.   Azande

A.   False

B.   True

A.   Foraging and hunting

B.   Fishing and hunting

C.   Agriculture and nomadism

D.   Pastoralism and horticulture

A.   True

B.   False

A.   The local circuit court

B.   Fighting in duels

C.   Games of chance

D.   Cooperative communication

A.   Their cattle provide them with enough meat to suit their dietary needs

B.   Wild game are scarce where they live, and besides they Nuer are vegetarians

C.   They do no believe in killing animals for food

D.   They do not have the necessary technology with which to hunt

A.   They move to another location, since they don't practice crop rotation of use fertilizer

B.   They fertilize the soil in order to replace lost nutrients, so they can continue to grow food in the same place

C.   They don't need to do anything, since they rely solely on their cattle for all of their dietary needs

D.   They have to buy staple foods from other groups such as the Dinka

A.   state level

B.   tribe level

C.   chiefdom level

D.   band level

A.   the cattle paid when a divorce takes place

B.   the cattle paid to the in-laws on the birth of a baby girl

C.   the young steers that girls are in charge of caring for

D.   the cattle paid as part of the bride price

E.   there is no such term; Dr. Erickson made it up

A.   A moral understanding about what is, or is not, appropriate work to do

B.   Slang term for money earned by keeping cattle--which, as we all know, defecate all over the place

C.   An ethnocentric notion about money earned for work that should be done by "other" people--like the Dinka

D.   Money earned by cleaning latrines in the towns

A.   tuberculosis

B.   heart disease from changed diets

C.   AIDS

D.   ebola

E.   malaria

A.   state level

B.   band level

C.   chiefdom level

D.   tribe level

A.   has rich, fertile soil and a climate that is suited for agriculture

B.   provides a wide spectrum of animal and vegetable life for the Ju/'hoansi to eat

C.   is a lush grassland, allowing the Ju/'hoansi to herd cattle year round

D.   is barren for most of the year, save for the cooler winter months

A.   an increase in life expectancy

B.   an increase in birthrate and a decrease in infant mortality

C.   an increase in newer techniques of hunting and foraging

D.   an increase in hypertension and heart disease

A.   maintain goodwill relationships

B.   pay the bride price

C.   establish alliances for military actions

D.   prevent sorcery being used by rival groups

E.   negotiate rights to waterholes

A.   animal migration

B.   cattle grazing

C.   changing sources of water

D.   trade routes

A.   everyone

B.   women

C.   the elderly

D.   men

A.   Successful handling of past conflicts

B.   Inherited status

C.   Interpersonal skills, like oratory

D.   Modest and humble behavior

A.   the dead watch over the living and protect them from illness and misfortune

B.   the dead are dependent on the living for sustenance, and the living must make daily food offerings

C.   the dead return as hyenas that circle the camps at night, waiting for leftover scraps of food

D.   the dead long to be reunited with their loved ones, and send illness to cause them to die faster

A.   band level

B.   tribe level

C.   chiefdom level

D.   state level

A.   The Azande choose to ignore observable reality, and so they create imaginary causes to explain events

B.   The Azande lack a "scientific" understanding of the world around them

C.   It is the Azande worldview that people have witchcraft substance inside them, and can harm others with it

D.   The supernatural power behind witchcraft is not well understood by Western scientists

A.   It created a new "homestead" separate from male influence

B.   It was the only way for women to divorce their husbands, and was quite common

C.   It required one partner to take on the traditional gender role of an Azande male

D.   It widened both partner's trading networks and enhanced their position in the community

A.   A way to explain misfortune

B.   An expression of jealousy and resentment between co-wives

C.   A means of competition between unequal lineages, or between rich and poor

D.   A way to explain sickness

E.   A social leveling mechanism

A.   to voice displeasure with one's neighbors or local government administrators

B.   to teach children moral lessons and the consequences of disobeying social expectations

C.   to allow adolescent boys to show interest in a particular girl without fear of rejection

D.   to provide raunchy entertainment for adults

A.   individual houses for each of the man's wives

B.   granaries for storing maize and millet

C.   doors with hinges and locks

D.   enclosed courtyards with gates

A.   Attempts to control diamonds

B.   Attempts to control oil resouces

C.   Attempts to control fisheries

D.   Attempts to control coastlines

A.   his mother's body

B.   the mythological place of origin of his clan

C.   the stream nearest that location

D.   the house in which he was born

A.   poison oracle

B.   num

C.   polyandry

D.   egalitarian

A.   poison oracle

B.   polygyny

C.   num

D.   polyandry

A.   polygyny

B.   trickster tales

C.   num

D.   poison oracle

A.   poison oracle

B.   trickster tales

C.   polygyny

D.   egalitarian

A.   num

B.   polygyny

C.   egalitarian

D.   polyandry

A.   num

B.   egalitarian

C.   poison oracle

D.   trickster tales

A.   egalitarian

B.   witch [in anthropological terms]

C.   sorcerer [in anthropological terms]

D.   num

A.   witch [in anthropological terms]

B.   egalitarian

C.   num

D.   sorcerer [in anthropological terms]