Family and Consumer Studies 21 - Nutrition » Summer 2023 » Midterm Exam

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Question #1
Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.
A.   processed
B.   medical
C.   organic
D.   natural
E.   whole
Question #2
Research suggests that consumption of both fermented foods and high-fiber whole foods, such as vegetables, improves the diversity and number of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Researchers think that regularly consuming fermented foods has a greater impact on improving gut health compared to regularly consuming high-fiber foods. They want to test their hypothesis by comparing changes to gut bacteria in people who will consume fermented foods every day for six weeks with those who will consume high-fiber vegetables each day for six weeks. Which type of research design will the scientists consider?
A.   A case study
B.   A double-blind study
C.   An intervention study
D.   An epidemiological study
E.   A laboratory study
Question #3
A bowl of soup contains 25 grams of fat and provides 470 calories per bowl. What is the percentage of calories obtained from fat in the soup?
A.   52%
B.   58%
C.   37%
D.   21%
E.   48%
Question #4
In a study, researchers examine the characteristics and history of three children who suffer from ongoing insomnia and who have low blood levels of vitamin D. They compare these observations and determine that exploring a connection between low vitamin D levels in children and insomnia warrants further research. This study is an example of a(n) _______.
A.   case study
B.   laboratory study
C.   epidemiological study
D.   intervention study
E.   blind experiment
Question #5
The most energy-rich nutrient is _______.
A.   fat
B.   protein
C.   fiber
D.   water
E.   carbohydrate
Question #6
Which of the following is not an affect that regular physical activity has on the body?
A.   Reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases
B.   Increased lean body tissue
C.   Faster wound healing
D.   Decreased bone density
E.   Improved mental functioning
Question #7
Which nutrient is needed in the greatest daily quantity?
A.   Fats
B.   Water
C.   Protein
D.   Carbohydrates
E.   Minerals
Question #8
Which of the following characteristics applies to the maintenance stage of behavior change?
A.   Committing time and energy to make changes in behavior
B.   Admitting that change is needed and weighing the pros and cons of changing
C.   Striving to integrate the new behavior into daily life and striving to make it permanent
D.   Avoiding changes in daily routine and specific behavior
E.   Concentrating mainly on the strengths of the current eating pattern
Question #9
Which nutrient do all B vitamins contain?
A.   Nitrogen
B.   Iron 
C.   Calcium 
D.   Cobalt
E.   Protein
Question #10
Your family always has rice available at every meal, just as it has been for every generation. This is an example of food selection because of _________.
A.   social pressure
B.   economy
C.   cultural tradition
D.   emotional comfort
E.   availability
Question #11
The best way for a person to consume energy and essential nutrients in adequate and balanced amounts is to:
A.   follow a diet rich in dairy products.
B.   limit the consumption of foods from the grains group.
C.   follow a diet that includes only green vegetables.
D.   eat only unprocessed foods.
E.   choose foods with a high nutrient density from each food group.
Question #12
A loaf of bread is labeled as “high fiber,” which means a serving contains __________.
A.   at least 2 grams of fiber
B.   2.5 to 4.9 grams of fiber
C.   25% more fiber than other breads
D.   at least 20% of the DV for fiber 
E.   at least 5 grams of fiber
Question #13
The percentages of the daily values in the updated label on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring _____ calories each day.
A.   1,500
B.   3,500
C.   3,000
D.   1,000
E.   2,000
Question #14
Which of the following foods falls into the protein food group of the USDA Eating Patterns?
A.   Oysters
B.   Popcorn
C.   Olives
D.   Quinoa
E.   Avocado
Question #15
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are designed for:
A.   reversal of nutrient deficiencies.
B.   disease prevention in both healthy and unhealthy individuals.
C.   health maintenance and promotion of healing after injury.
D.   restoration of health in malnourished individuals.
E.   health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people.
Question #16
A food manufacturer has included the following claim on the container label for a product: “Improves memory.” If you were evaluating the claim, you would:
A.   be aware that the FDA has done research on the manufacturer’s claim.
B.   know that the manufacturer has done extensive research on the claim.
C.   be suspicious because this is a structure-function claim requiring no advance approval.
D.   know this is an accurate statement because it was reviewed before being put on the label.
E.   be likely to recommend this product because of the obvious claim.
Question #17
The bottom portion of the nutrition facts panel on a food package:
A.   serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients.
B.   provides the dietary references intakes (DRI) information for comparing different products.
C.   presents the daily values for vitamin D and potassium at four calorie levels.
D.   is different on every label.
E.   conveys information specific to the food inside the package.
Question #18
Resveratrol is a phytochemical found in _________.
A.   kefir
B.   grapes 
C.   chocolate 
D.   green tea
E.   edamame and tofu
Question #19
Brianna is using an app on her phone to track her daily calorie and nutrient intake. According to the app, her average daily intake last week was 2150 calories day, 129 grams of protein, 226 grams of carbohydrate, and 81 grams of fat. How does her intake compare to the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)? 
A.   Her protein intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.
B.   Her protein and carbohydrate intakes fall within the AMDR, but her fat intake is above it.
C.   Her carbohydrate intake is the only macronutrient that falls within the AMDR.
D.   Her protein, carbohydrate and fat intake all fall within the AMDR.
E.   Her protein and fat intake fall within the AMDR, but her carbohydrate intake is below it.
Question #20
Which of the following best fits into a meal plan for an individual trying to eat 1 cup vegetables, 2 ounces grains, and 2 ounces protein foods at lunch?
A.   1 cup bean salad, 1 cup cooked rice, and 1/2 cup tofu
B.   A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread, 4 tablespoons nut butter, and 1 tablespoon honey with salad of 1 cup raw spinach
C.   1/2 avocado, 1/2 cup yogurt, 2 tablespoons peanut butter, and 1 cup cooked spinach
D.   A sandwich of 2 slices whole-wheat bread and 2 ounces ham, 1 boiled egg, and 1 cup vegetable juice
E.   2 ounces broiled salmon and 1 cup thick tomato sauce over 1/2 cup cooked pasta
Question #21
Bile is made by the ___, stored in the ______, and released into the ______.
A.   pancreas, liver, stomach
B.   liver, gall bladder, stomach
C.   pancreas, liver, small intestine
D.   liver, gall bladder, small intestine
Question #22
Blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the _____.
A.   lungs
B.   gallbladder
C.   liver
D.   heart
E.   kidneys
Question #23
All of the following are effects of severe malnutrition on the small intestine except:
A.   the absorption rate increases due to higher nutrient demands.
B.   proteins may not be available to make digestive enzymes.
C.   nutrients may not get absorbed.  
D.   the muscles become weak due to inactivity. 
E.   the surface area of the small intestine shrinks in size.
Question #24
What is released when the fight-or-flight response is triggered?
A.   Adrenaline and insulin
B.   Epinephrine and adrenaline
C.   Epinephrine and neurotransmitters
D.   Epinephrine and norepinephrine
E.   Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and neurotransmitters
Question #25
An altered immune response that accompanies many chronic diseases is ______.
A.   fatty liver disease
B.   obesity
C.   ulcerative colitis
D.   inflammation
E.   malnutrition
Question #26
What is the structural hierarchy in the body in descending order (largest to smallest)?
A.   Cells, tissues, organs, body systems
B.   Organs, tissues, cells, genes 
C.   Body systems, organs, muscles, cells
D.   Organs, tissues, muscles, cells
E.   Body systems, organs, tissues, cells
Question #27
Which of the following statements is true?
A.   The microvilli trap nutrients so the villi cells can absorb them.
B.   The microvilli absorb nutrients into the lymphatic system.
C.   The villi block toxins from being absorbed into the blood.
D.   The villi complete the breakdown of foods into nutrients.
E.   The microvilli facilitate the digestion of a large percentage of deficient nutrients.
Question #28
What supplies the body with glucose a few hours after finishing a meal?
A.   Glycogen in the muscles
B.   Glycogen in the muscles and fat stores
C.   Glycogen in the muscles and liver
D.   Glycogen in the liver
E.   Glycogen in the liver and fat stores
Question #29
All of the following occur in the body when the body’s stress response is triggered except for:
A.   the pupils widen. 
B.   blood pressure rises. 
C.   breathing becomes slower and shallower.
D.   blood glucose rises.
E.   fat is released from fat cells.
Question #30
Intoxication occurs more quickly if:
A.   carbohydrate-rich snacks are consumed at the same time.
B.   drinks are consumed slowly.
C.   the stomach is empty.
D.   drinks contain less than half an ounce of alcohol. 
E.   drinks are diluted with water.
Question #31
Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to the body because:
A.   fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes.
B.   the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body’s cells.
C.   they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes.
D.   ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.
E.   they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body’s cells.
Question #32
Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?
A.   Restricting protein intake
B.   Taking insulin injections
C.   Increasing caffeine intake
D.   Maintaining a healthy body weight
E.   Avoiding strenuous physical exercise
Question #33
When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form ________.
A.   table sugar
B.   milk sugar
C.   fruit sugar
D.   sugar alcohol
E.   malt sugar
Question #34
Which of the following statements is false concerning the splitting of glucose for energy?
A.   Glucose can be broken down to yield energy and carbon dioxide.
B.   Water is a by-product of splitting glucose for energy.
C.   Body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately.
D.   Inside a cell, glucose is broken in half and these two halves have two pathways open to them.
E.   Small molecules derived from glucose can be linked to form fat molecules.
Question #35
The DRI for total carbohydrates for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.
A.   200
B.   75
C.   100
D.   130
E.   50
Question #36
Which of the following is not a health effect associated with dietary fibers?
A.   Lowered risk of heart and artery disease
B.   Lowered risk of constipation and hemorrhoids
C.   Increased blood cholesterol levels
D.   Modulated blood glucose levels
E.   Lowered risk of appendicitis and complications from diverticula
Question #37
  
A.   oatmeal
B.   chilled cooked potatoes
C.   refined white flour
D.   barley
E.   cooked dried beans
Question #38
The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include _____ in the diet.
A.   yogurt with live cultures
B.   enriched processed foods
C.   fruits, vegetables, and grains
D.   refined grains and added sugars
E.   a variety of meats
Question #39
Sugar has been implicated by many people in some major health problems. One scientifically proven effect of sugar on health is that:
A.   the link between sugar intake and colon cancer is weaker when total calorie intakes exceed the daily need.
B.   eating large amounts of pure sugar puts a strain on the appendix, leading to diabetes.
C.   sugar consumed in large amounts leads to obesity, even when calorie intake does not exceed calorie needs.
D.   fructose suppresses the human appetite in the same way that glucose does.
E.   consuming sweetened soft drinks every day for a few weeks results in significant changes in blood lipids.
Question #40
Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How does fiber play a role in lowering blood cholesterol?
A.   Soluble fiber binds with enzymes in the blood and is metabolized by the liver.
B.   Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.
C.   Soluble fiber binds with bile in the intestine and carries cholesterol out with feces.
D.   Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.
E.   Insoluble fiber converts into bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.
Question #41
Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat?
A.   Butter
B.   Bananas
C.   Soda
D.   Skin-on chicken breasts
E.   Ice cream
Question #42
Kayla has been keeping a daily food log and finds that her average daily intake is 2,100 calories, 77 grams of fat, and 20 grams of saturated fat. How does her average intake compare to the DRI recommendations?
A.   Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat meet the recommendations.
B.   Her fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from saturated fat is too high.
C.   Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too high.
D.   Her saturated fat intake is within the recommended range, but her percentage of calories from total fat is too low.
E.   Both her percentage of calories from fat and saturated fat fall are above the recommendations.
Question #43
Consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark should be limited due to its ________ content.
A.   lead
B.   mercury
C.   iron
D.   arsenic
E.   iodine
Question #44
Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?
A.   It is a component of bile.
B.   It is an essential nutrient.
C.   Vitamin D is made with cholesterol.
D.   It is a part of every cell.
E.   It can be made by the body.
Question #45
Which of the following foods is NOT a major contributor of healthful fatty acids?
A.   olives, which are high in monounsaturated fats
B.   avocados, which are high in unsaturated fats
C.   flaxseed, which is high in omega-3 fatty acids
D.   nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats
E.   walnuts, which are high in omega-6 fatty acids
Question #46
  
A.   53%
B.   71%
C.   42%
D.   19%
E.   31%
Question #47
Ciara orders a fast-food salad that comes with a packet that contains 5 tablespoons of salad dressing. Approximately how much fat will the salad dressing add to Ciara’s salad if she uses the entire packet?
A.   15 grams
B.   10 grams
C.   25 grams
D.   17.5 grams
E.   45 grams
Question #48
Which of the following statements is true of fatty acids?
A.   All fatty acids have only double bonds.
B.   The more carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms present in a fatty acid, the shorter the fatty acid is.
C.   All fatty acids are solid at room temperature.
D.   All fatty acids have the same chain length.
E.   The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.
Question #49
Cholesterol is a member of the group of lipids known as _____.
A.   triglycerides
B.   sterols
C.   phospholipids
D.   lipoproteins
E.   fatty acids
Question #50
What finding from the Seven Countries Study suggested that something other than total fat intake was affecting cardiovascular risk?
A.   The country with the lowest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.
B.   Saturated fat had little impact on cardiovascular death rates in the two countries with the highest total fat intakes.
C.   The country with the lowest saturated fat intake had the highest cardiovascular death rate.
D.   The country that consumed more than 15% of total energy from saturated fat had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.
E.   One of the countries with the highest total fat intake had the lowest cardiovascular death rate.
Question #51
Who among the following will have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?
A.   A 8-year-old child
B.   A 28-year-old man
C.   An 82-year-old man
D.   A 28-year-old woman
E.   A 20-year-old woman
Question #52
Roberto lost a significant amount of weight during an illness and is considering taking amino acid supplements to help him regain muscle mass. What advice would you give him?
A.   Exercise regularly to promote muscle regain.
B.   Take amino acid supplements because they are easier to digest than whole foods.
C.   Take amino acid supplements because they are an excellent way to provide energy to rebuild muscles.
D.   During recovery, consume extra carbohydrate but not extra protein.
E.   Consume whole protein as it is better handled by the digestive system and will promote recovery.
Question #53
Which of the following statements is true regarding protein intake recommendations?
A.   Infants and children need the same amount of protein as adults on a per-kilogram basis.
B.   Protein recommendations are based strictly on age and gender.
C.   Dieters should take excess protein supplements to spare body proteins.
D.   Athletes build muscle only when they consume excess protein supplements.
E.   Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.
Question #54
The protein hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This is an example of protein’s role in:
A.   building enzymes and hormones.
B.   transporting substances around the body.
C.   supporting growth and maintenance.
D.   maintaining acid-base balance.
E.   maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.
Question #55
Protein catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions are _________.
A.   antibodies
B.   hormones
C.   enzymes
D.   lipoproteins
E.   lysosomes
Question #56
What happens when an athlete consumes large amounts of protein-rich foods?
A.   The body uses excess amino acids, leading to rapid muscle growth.
B.   The excess protein causes muscle breakdown rather than building muscle tissue.
C.   The body utilizes excess amino acids as fuel or stores them as fat.
D.   A diet high in protein does not provide sufficient energy required to support muscle growth.
E.   The body starts to dismantle its tissue proteins.
Question #57
Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?
A.   Serotonin
B.   Vitamin C
C.   Potassium
D.   Vitamin A
E.   Vitamin B12
Question #58
Which of the following individuals is likely in positive nitrogen balance?
A.   A 38-year-old pregnant woman
B.   A 70-year-old recovering from surgery
C.   A 60-year-old retiree
D.   A 30-year-old with extensive burns
E.   A 20-year-old college student
Question #59
What determines the standard sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule? 
A.   Gender
B.   Genes
C.   Weight
D.   Age
E.   Diet
Question #60
What are conditionally essential amino acids?
A.   Amino acids that are easily synthesized by the body and are not required to be consumed through the diet
B.   Amino acids that are synthesized by the body in excess quantities
C.   Amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body’s ability to produce it
D.   Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body at all and should be taken in through the diet to meet the required amounts
E.   Amino acids that are required by the body in minute quantities

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