A.   Three-Fifths

B.   Two-Thirds

C.   elastic

D.   necessary and proper

A.   schools

B.   land

C.   economic independence

D.   training in industrial crafts

A.   religious liberty

B.   citizenship

C.   the right to vote

D.   land ownership

A.   The Emancipation Proclamation

B.   the ratification of the 13th Amendment

C.   due process clause of the Constitution

D.   the adoption of the 14th Amendment

A.   progressive and beneficial to the South, though run by people who had generally not held power in the South prior to the Civi War

B.   corrupt and inefficient

C.   worse than the governments that ruled the South prior to Reconstruction, and run by Northerners who had no real interest in the region

D.   effective though flawed in that African-Americans were excluded from the Reconstruction governments

A.   redistributed Confederate lands to the freedmen

B.   imprisoned the civilian and military leaders of the former Confederacy

C.   refused to appropriate money for the continued presence of Union troops in the South

D.   insisted that the former slavers be recognized as citizens of the United States

A.   Maryland

B.   South Carolina

C.   Virginia

D.   Mississippi

A.   put blacks in an economically dependent position

B.   restore the institution of legalized slavery in the South

C.   open economic opportunities to blacks

D.   build up the Republican Party in the South

A.   Federal aid for southern railroads

B.   Appointment of a southern Democrat to his cabinet

C.   To revoke the Civil Rights Act of 1875

D.   removal of federal troops from the South

A.   being in the right place at the right time

B.   a process of natural selection

C.   free competition

D.   God's blessing

A.   surrounding control over public policy to private interests

B.   socializing the major industries that made up the largest segment of the American economy

C.   regulating trade between sections to benefit all equally

D.   letting government solve economic and social problems

A.   an emphasis on diversified agricultural growth

B.   making reparations for slavery and extending full civil rights to the freedmen

C.   adoption of the northern model of industrial growth, coupled with the legend of the graceful Old South

D.   the reestablishment of the pre-Civil War social and economic order

A.   corporations were entitled to the protection of the 14th Amendment

B.   the due process clause of the Constitution did not apply to CEO's of large corporations

C.   the principle of limited liability was unconstitutional

D.   government land grants to railroads were illegal

A.   competition

B.   government intervention

C.   opportunity

D.   order

A.   migration of African-Americans out of the deep South in the years following the Civil War

B.   the high birthrate of the urban population

C.   migration from America's rural areas

D.   immigration from Europe

A.   organizing skilled and minority workers

B.   rejecting utopian goals for immediate economic objectives

C.   economic goals such as higher pay and shorter work hours

D.   rejecting political goals in order to advance the economic interest of its members

A.   resulted in the first federal intervention on behalf of labor

B.   aroused public opposition against labor and contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor

C.   opened the way for the peaceful settlement of labor disputes by collective bargaining

D.   discouraged immigrants from seeking employment in the United States

A.   textiles

B.   meatpacking

C.   steel

D.   railroads

A.   overproduction

B.   high land prices

C.   excessive government regulation

D.   high taxes

A.   pardoning of ex-confederate planter aristocrats

B.   refusal to take the presidential oath of office unless Congress supported his reconstruction plans

C.   dismissal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton

D.   hostility towards the freedmen