A.   elastic

B.   necessary and proper

C.   Three-Fifths

D.   Two-Thirds

A.   land

B.   schools

C.   training in industrial crafts

D.   economic independence

A.   citizenship

B.   religious liberty

C.   land ownership

D.   the right to vote

A.   the adoption of the 14th Amendment

B.   the ratification of the 13th Amendment

C.   The Emancipation Proclamation

D.   due process clause of the Constitution

A.   effective though flawed in that African-Americans were excluded from the Reconstruction governments

B.   corrupt and inefficient

C.   progressive and beneficial to the South, though run by people who had generally not held power in the South prior to the Civi War

D.   worse than the governments that ruled the South prior to Reconstruction, and run by Northerners who had no real interest in the region

A.   refused to appropriate money for the continued presence of Union troops in the South

B.   redistributed Confederate lands to the freedmen

C.   insisted that the former slavers be recognized as citizens of the United States

D.   imprisoned the civilian and military leaders of the former Confederacy

A.   South Carolina

B.   Virginia

C.   Mississippi

D.   Maryland

A.   put blacks in an economically dependent position

B.   open economic opportunities to blacks

C.   restore the institution of legalized slavery in the South

D.   build up the Republican Party in the South

A.   Federal aid for southern railroads

B.   To revoke the Civil Rights Act of 1875

C.   Appointment of a southern Democrat to his cabinet

D.   removal of federal troops from the South

A.   God's blessing

B.   free competition

C.   being in the right place at the right time

D.   a process of natural selection

A.   socializing the major industries that made up the largest segment of the American economy

B.   letting government solve economic and social problems

C.   regulating trade between sections to benefit all equally

D.   surrounding control over public policy to private interests

A.   an emphasis on diversified agricultural growth

B.   making reparations for slavery and extending full civil rights to the freedmen

C.   the reestablishment of the pre-Civil War social and economic order

D.   adoption of the northern model of industrial growth, coupled with the legend of the graceful Old South

A.   the due process clause of the Constitution did not apply to CEO's of large corporations

B.   corporations were entitled to the protection of the 14th Amendment

C.   government land grants to railroads were illegal

D.   the principle of limited liability was unconstitutional

A.   opportunity

B.   competition

C.   government intervention

D.   order

A.   immigration from Europe

B.   migration from America's rural areas

C.   the high birthrate of the urban population

D.   migration of African-Americans out of the deep South in the years following the Civil War

A.   organizing skilled and minority workers

B.   rejecting political goals in order to advance the economic interest of its members

C.   rejecting utopian goals for immediate economic objectives

D.   economic goals such as higher pay and shorter work hours

A.   resulted in the first federal intervention on behalf of labor

B.   aroused public opposition against labor and contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor

C.   opened the way for the peaceful settlement of labor disputes by collective bargaining

D.   discouraged immigrants from seeking employment in the United States

A.   steel

B.   meatpacking

C.   railroads

D.   textiles

A.   overproduction

B.   excessive government regulation

C.   high land prices

D.   high taxes

A.   pardoning of ex-confederate planter aristocrats

B.   refusal to take the presidential oath of office unless Congress supported his reconstruction plans

C.   hostility towards the freedmen

D.   dismissal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton