A.   necessary and proper

B.   elastic

C.   Three-Fifths

D.   Two-Thirds

A.   land

B.   economic independence

C.   training in industrial crafts

D.   schools

A.   the right to vote

B.   land ownership

C.   religious liberty

D.   citizenship

A.   the ratification of the 13th Amendment

B.   due process clause of the Constitution

C.   the adoption of the 14th Amendment

D.   The Emancipation Proclamation

A.   effective though flawed in that African-Americans were excluded from the Reconstruction governments

B.   progressive and beneficial to the South, though run by people who had generally not held power in the South prior to the Civi War

C.   corrupt and inefficient

D.   worse than the governments that ruled the South prior to Reconstruction, and run by Northerners who had no real interest in the region

A.   redistributed Confederate lands to the freedmen

B.   imprisoned the civilian and military leaders of the former Confederacy

C.   insisted that the former slavers be recognized as citizens of the United States

D.   refused to appropriate money for the continued presence of Union troops in the South

A.   Virginia

B.   Mississippi

C.   South Carolina

D.   Maryland

A.   build up the Republican Party in the South

B.   open economic opportunities to blacks

C.   restore the institution of legalized slavery in the South

D.   put blacks in an economically dependent position

A.   To revoke the Civil Rights Act of 1875

B.   Appointment of a southern Democrat to his cabinet

C.   Federal aid for southern railroads

D.   removal of federal troops from the South

A.   a process of natural selection

B.   free competition

C.   God's blessing

D.   being in the right place at the right time

A.   regulating trade between sections to benefit all equally

B.   surrounding control over public policy to private interests

C.   socializing the major industries that made up the largest segment of the American economy

D.   letting government solve economic and social problems

A.   adoption of the northern model of industrial growth, coupled with the legend of the graceful Old South

B.   making reparations for slavery and extending full civil rights to the freedmen

C.   the reestablishment of the pre-Civil War social and economic order

D.   an emphasis on diversified agricultural growth

A.   the principle of limited liability was unconstitutional

B.   the due process clause of the Constitution did not apply to CEO's of large corporations

C.   corporations were entitled to the protection of the 14th Amendment

D.   government land grants to railroads were illegal

A.   competition

B.   order

C.   government intervention

D.   opportunity

A.   migration of African-Americans out of the deep South in the years following the Civil War

B.   immigration from Europe

C.   migration from America's rural areas

D.   the high birthrate of the urban population

A.   rejecting utopian goals for immediate economic objectives

B.   economic goals such as higher pay and shorter work hours

C.   rejecting political goals in order to advance the economic interest of its members

D.   organizing skilled and minority workers

A.   opened the way for the peaceful settlement of labor disputes by collective bargaining

B.   aroused public opposition against labor and contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor

C.   discouraged immigrants from seeking employment in the United States

D.   resulted in the first federal intervention on behalf of labor

A.   textiles

B.   steel

C.   meatpacking

D.   railroads

A.   high land prices

B.   excessive government regulation

C.   high taxes

D.   overproduction

A.   refusal to take the presidential oath of office unless Congress supported his reconstruction plans

B.   dismissal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton

C.   hostility towards the freedmen

D.   pardoning of ex-confederate planter aristocrats