A.   elastic

B.   necessary and proper

C.   Three-Fifths

D.   Two-Thirds

A.   land

B.   schools

C.   economic independence

D.   training in industrial crafts

A.   land ownership

B.   the right to vote

C.   religious liberty

D.   citizenship

A.   the ratification of the 13th Amendment

B.   due process clause of the Constitution

C.   The Emancipation Proclamation

D.   the adoption of the 14th Amendment

A.   corrupt and inefficient

B.   effective though flawed in that African-Americans were excluded from the Reconstruction governments

C.   progressive and beneficial to the South, though run by people who had generally not held power in the South prior to the Civi War

D.   worse than the governments that ruled the South prior to Reconstruction, and run by Northerners who had no real interest in the region

A.   insisted that the former slavers be recognized as citizens of the United States

B.   refused to appropriate money for the continued presence of Union troops in the South

C.   imprisoned the civilian and military leaders of the former Confederacy

D.   redistributed Confederate lands to the freedmen

A.   Virginia

B.   Mississippi

C.   Maryland

D.   South Carolina

A.   build up the Republican Party in the South

B.   restore the institution of legalized slavery in the South

C.   open economic opportunities to blacks

D.   put blacks in an economically dependent position

A.   Appointment of a southern Democrat to his cabinet

B.   To revoke the Civil Rights Act of 1875

C.   removal of federal troops from the South

D.   Federal aid for southern railroads

A.   free competition

B.   God's blessing

C.   a process of natural selection

D.   being in the right place at the right time

A.   surrounding control over public policy to private interests

B.   regulating trade between sections to benefit all equally

C.   letting government solve economic and social problems

D.   socializing the major industries that made up the largest segment of the American economy

A.   an emphasis on diversified agricultural growth

B.   the reestablishment of the pre-Civil War social and economic order

C.   making reparations for slavery and extending full civil rights to the freedmen

D.   adoption of the northern model of industrial growth, coupled with the legend of the graceful Old South

A.   the due process clause of the Constitution did not apply to CEO's of large corporations

B.   the principle of limited liability was unconstitutional

C.   corporations were entitled to the protection of the 14th Amendment

D.   government land grants to railroads were illegal

A.   opportunity

B.   competition

C.   government intervention

D.   order

A.   migration of African-Americans out of the deep South in the years following the Civil War

B.   migration from America's rural areas

C.   immigration from Europe

D.   the high birthrate of the urban population

A.   organizing skilled and minority workers

B.   rejecting political goals in order to advance the economic interest of its members

C.   economic goals such as higher pay and shorter work hours

D.   rejecting utopian goals for immediate economic objectives

A.   resulted in the first federal intervention on behalf of labor

B.   aroused public opposition against labor and contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor

C.   opened the way for the peaceful settlement of labor disputes by collective bargaining

D.   discouraged immigrants from seeking employment in the United States

A.   textiles

B.   railroads

C.   steel

D.   meatpacking

A.   overproduction

B.   excessive government regulation

C.   high taxes

D.   high land prices

A.   hostility towards the freedmen

B.   refusal to take the presidential oath of office unless Congress supported his reconstruction plans

C.   pardoning of ex-confederate planter aristocrats

D.   dismissal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton