A.   Three-Fifths

B.   elastic

C.   Two-Thirds

D.   necessary and proper

A.   economic independence

B.   training in industrial crafts

C.   land

D.   schools

A.   citizenship

B.   land ownership

C.   religious liberty

D.   the right to vote

A.   the adoption of the 14th Amendment

B.   the ratification of the 13th Amendment

C.   due process clause of the Constitution

D.   The Emancipation Proclamation

A.   worse than the governments that ruled the South prior to Reconstruction, and run by Northerners who had no real interest in the region

B.   effective though flawed in that African-Americans were excluded from the Reconstruction governments

C.   progressive and beneficial to the South, though run by people who had generally not held power in the South prior to the Civi War

D.   corrupt and inefficient

A.   refused to appropriate money for the continued presence of Union troops in the South

B.   imprisoned the civilian and military leaders of the former Confederacy

C.   redistributed Confederate lands to the freedmen

D.   insisted that the former slavers be recognized as citizens of the United States

A.   South Carolina

B.   Mississippi

C.   Virginia

D.   Maryland

A.   build up the Republican Party in the South

B.   restore the institution of legalized slavery in the South

C.   open economic opportunities to blacks

D.   put blacks in an economically dependent position

A.   removal of federal troops from the South

B.   Appointment of a southern Democrat to his cabinet

C.   Federal aid for southern railroads

D.   To revoke the Civil Rights Act of 1875

A.   God's blessing

B.   free competition

C.   a process of natural selection

D.   being in the right place at the right time

A.   regulating trade between sections to benefit all equally

B.   surrounding control over public policy to private interests

C.   socializing the major industries that made up the largest segment of the American economy

D.   letting government solve economic and social problems

A.   making reparations for slavery and extending full civil rights to the freedmen

B.   the reestablishment of the pre-Civil War social and economic order

C.   adoption of the northern model of industrial growth, coupled with the legend of the graceful Old South

D.   an emphasis on diversified agricultural growth

A.   corporations were entitled to the protection of the 14th Amendment

B.   the principle of limited liability was unconstitutional

C.   the due process clause of the Constitution did not apply to CEO's of large corporations

D.   government land grants to railroads were illegal

A.   competition

B.   opportunity

C.   order

D.   government intervention

A.   the high birthrate of the urban population

B.   migration of African-Americans out of the deep South in the years following the Civil War

C.   immigration from Europe

D.   migration from America's rural areas

A.   economic goals such as higher pay and shorter work hours

B.   organizing skilled and minority workers

C.   rejecting utopian goals for immediate economic objectives

D.   rejecting political goals in order to advance the economic interest of its members

A.   aroused public opposition against labor and contributed to the decline of the Knights of Labor

B.   opened the way for the peaceful settlement of labor disputes by collective bargaining

C.   resulted in the first federal intervention on behalf of labor

D.   discouraged immigrants from seeking employment in the United States

A.   steel

B.   meatpacking

C.   railroads

D.   textiles

A.   high taxes

B.   excessive government regulation

C.   overproduction

D.   high land prices

A.   refusal to take the presidential oath of office unless Congress supported his reconstruction plans

B.   hostility towards the freedmen

C.   pardoning of ex-confederate planter aristocrats

D.   dismissal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton