EOH 353 - Global Perspective of Environmental Health » Spring 2020 » Chapter 2 Quiz

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Question #1
Which of the following activities characterizes the epidemiologic approach (as opposed to the clinical approach)?
A.   Treatment of a patient with lung cancer
B.   Diagnosis of a disease in a single individual
C.   Description of a single individual’s symptoms
D.   Study of cancer occurrence in populations
E.   None of these is correct.
Question #2
Which of the following are contributions of epidemiology to environmental health?
A.   Use of observational data
B.   Methodology for study designs
C.   Concern with populations
D.   Descriptive and analytic studies
E.   All of these are correct.
Question #3
The Texas Sharpshooter Effect illustrates:
A.   a description of disease according to person variables.
B.   a description of disease according to etiologic factors.
C.   a new insect pest that is invading the southwest.
D.   None of these is correct.
E.   one cause of spurious or chance clustering.
Question #4
The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by which of the following?
A.   The number of deaths due to that disease during a given year
B.   The incidence rate for that disease in a given period of time
C.   A spot map that records all cases of the disease in the past year
D.   The case fatality rate (CFR) from that disease in the 0 to 4 age group
E.   The prevalence for that disease during the past year
Question #5
A national survey of asthma conducted on May 1, 2012, obtained the following results for the state of Oklahoma: X = The number of residents with asthma Y = The population of the state on June 30, 2012, and all members of the population were considered at risk Z = The number of new cases of asthma diagnosed during 2012. The incidence rate of asthma during 2012 (per 100,000) would be expressed as:
A.   (X/Z) × 100,000.
B.   (X/Y) × 100,000.
C.   (Z/Y) × 100,000.
D.   None of these is correct.
E.   (Z/X) × 100,000.
Question #6
Sir Percival Pott, who wrote Chirurgical Observations:
A.   was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments.
B.   established postulates for transmission of infectious disease.
C.   argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria.
D.   was the father of modern biostatistics.
E.   was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer.
Question #7
John Snow, in Snow on Cholera:
A.   was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer.
B.   was the father of modern biostatistics
C.   established postulates for transmission of infectious disease.
D.   argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria.
E.   was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments.
Question #8
Which of the following historical figures was among the first to expound on the role of environmental factors in causing diseases?
A.   K. J. Rothman
B.   Socrates
C.   John Snow
D.   Sir Percival Pott
E.   Hippocrates
Question #9
Prevalence measures aid in:
A.   assessing variations in disease occurrence.
B.   the development of hypotheses.
C.   assessing variations in disease occurrence, the development of hypotheses, and describing the scope of health problems.
D.   describing the scope of health problems.
E.   determining the risk of disease.
Question #10
Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). Which statement is true about the triangle?
A.   All of these are correct.
B.   The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist.
C.   Disease causality includes three major factors: agent, host, and environment.
D.   The host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent.
E.   Agent factors can include particles, toxic chemicals, and pesticides.
Question #11
What type of study design classifies subjects according to their exposure to a factor of interest and then observes them over time to document the occurrence of new cases of disease or other health events?
A.   Case-control study
B.   Cross-sectional study
C.   Cohort study
D.   Case series study
Question #12
A relative risk of less than 1 means that there is no association between exposure and outcome.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE

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