Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
B.
typically found on a submerged volcano
C.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
D.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Need less oxygen to survive
B.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
C.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
D.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
E.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Light
B.
Substrate
C.
Predation
D.
Temerature
E.
Salinity
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly physical factors
B.
Mostly biological factors
C.
Both biological and physical factors
D.
Neither physical nor biological factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
barrier reefs
B.
fringing reefs
C.
atolls
D.
locks
E.
keys
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
B.
regulate gas exchange
C.
float blades toward the surface
D.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
2%
B.
15%
C.
5%
D.
10%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Fewer species
B.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
C.
Increase in the number of mussels
D.
Less wave action
E.
More species overall
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
food
B.
shifting sand
C.
tides
D.
salinity
E.
light
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
commensalistic
B.
episodic
C.
symbiotic
D.
parasitic
E.
mutualistic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Always have a soft skeleton
B.
Are scavengers
C.
Only live in temperate waters
D.
Are non-reef builders
E.
Have zooxanthellae
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Provide habitats to many species
B.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
C.
All of the choices are true
D.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
E.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
B.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
C.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
D.
Release mucus and other chemicals
E.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
B.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
C.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
D.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
E.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
primary producer
B.
secondary consumer
C.
primary consumer
D.
tertiary consumer
E.
quaternary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
broadcast spawners
B.
gamete spawners
C.
sexual reproducers
D.
brooders
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Galapagos
B.
the Aleutian Islands
C.
the Hawaiian Islands
D.
the Caribbean
E.
the Indo-Pacific
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
High tides moving in
B.
Freshwater moving from rivers
C.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
D.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
E.
The Coriolis effect
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
turtles in the intertidal
B.
otters in kelp forests
C.
octopus in the lower intertidal
D.
salmon in estuaries
E.
barnacles in the intertidal
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
chitin
B.
strontium sulphate
C.
calcium carbonate
D.
silicate
E.
calcium bicarbonate
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
squids
B.
tube snails
C.
abalone
D.
scallops
E.
mussels
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
aerial respiration
B.
use of the operculum
C.
none of these
D.
natal homing
E.
evaporative cooling
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
clay, silt, mud
B.
mud, silt, clay
C.
silt, clay, mud
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Carrying capacity
B.
An ecosystem's limit
C.
Maximum capacity
D.
Steady state
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
coastal plain estuaries
B.
drowned fiver valleys
C.
bar-build estuaries
D.
fjord
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
fungal, mass spawning
B.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
C.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
D.
zooxanthellae, mortality
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Lower
B.
Middle
C.
Upper
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
facilitative, agonistic
B.
agonistic, true
C.
intraspecific, interspecific
D.
interspecific, intraspecific
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
B.
thin, builders
C.
calcium carbonate, builders
D.
porous, inhabitants
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
lakes, hyposaline pools
B.
ocean, brackish water
C.
creeks, inland waterways
D.
rivers, seawater
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
specialization
B.
generalization
C.
sharing
D.
partitioning
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Protocene
B.
Pleistocene
C.
Paleocene
D.
Pliocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
space
B.
sexual partners
C.
light
D.
food
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
physiological acclimatization
B.
genetic acclimatization
C.
physiological adaptation
D.
genetic adaptation
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
light
B.
salinity
C.
temperature
D.
waves
E.
nutrients
F.
predation
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