Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
B.
typically found on a submerged volcano
C.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
D.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
B.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
C.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
D.
Need less oxygen to survive
E.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Temerature
B.
Substrate
C.
Salinity
D.
Predation
E.
Light
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly biological factors
B.
Neither physical nor biological factors
C.
Both biological and physical factors
D.
Mostly physical factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
locks
B.
barrier reefs
C.
keys
D.
atolls
E.
fringing reefs
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
B.
float blades toward the surface
C.
regulate gas exchange
D.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
5%
B.
15%
C.
2%
D.
10%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
B.
Less wave action
C.
Fewer species
D.
More species overall
E.
Increase in the number of mussels
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
shifting sand
B.
salinity
C.
light
D.
tides
E.
food
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
commensalistic
B.
episodic
C.
mutualistic
D.
parasitic
E.
symbiotic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Only live in temperate waters
B.
Are non-reef builders
C.
Have zooxanthellae
D.
Are scavengers
E.
Always have a soft skeleton
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
B.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
C.
All of the choices are true
D.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
E.
Provide habitats to many species
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Release mucus and other chemicals
B.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
C.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
D.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
E.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
B.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
C.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
D.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
E.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
primary consumer
B.
primary producer
C.
quaternary consumer
D.
tertiary consumer
E.
secondary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
gamete spawners
B.
sexual reproducers
C.
broadcast spawners
D.
brooders
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Indo-Pacific
B.
the Caribbean
C.
the Aleutian Islands
D.
the Galapagos
E.
the Hawaiian Islands
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
Freshwater moving from rivers
B.
High tides moving in
C.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
D.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
E.
The Coriolis effect
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
salmon in estuaries
B.
otters in kelp forests
C.
turtles in the intertidal
D.
barnacles in the intertidal
E.
octopus in the lower intertidal
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
silicate
B.
chitin
C.
calcium bicarbonate
D.
strontium sulphate
E.
calcium carbonate
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
abalone
B.
tube snails
C.
mussels
D.
squids
E.
scallops
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
aerial respiration
B.
natal homing
C.
use of the operculum
D.
none of these
E.
evaporative cooling
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
silt, clay, mud
B.
clay, silt, mud
C.
mud, silt, clay
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Carrying capacity
B.
Steady state
C.
An ecosystem's limit
D.
Maximum capacity
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
drowned fiver valleys
B.
bar-build estuaries
C.
coastal plain estuaries
D.
fjord
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
zooxanthellae, mortality
B.
fungal, mass spawning
C.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
D.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Upper
B.
Middle
C.
Lower
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
intraspecific, interspecific
B.
interspecific, intraspecific
C.
agonistic, true
D.
facilitative, agonistic
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
thin, builders
B.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
C.
calcium carbonate, builders
D.
porous, inhabitants
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
creeks, inland waterways
B.
lakes, hyposaline pools
C.
rivers, seawater
D.
ocean, brackish water
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
specialization
B.
partitioning
C.
generalization
D.
sharing
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Pleistocene
B.
Pliocene
C.
Protocene
D.
Paleocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
light
B.
sexual partners
C.
food
D.
space
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
physiological adaptation
B.
genetic adaptation
C.
physiological acclimatization
D.
genetic acclimatization
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
light
B.
salinity
C.
nutrients
D.
waves
E.
predation
F.
temperature
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