Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
B.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
C.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
D.
typically found on a submerged volcano
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
B.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
C.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
D.
Need less oxygen to survive
E.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Predation
B.
Light
C.
Temerature
D.
Substrate
E.
Salinity
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly biological factors
B.
Neither physical nor biological factors
C.
Mostly physical factors
D.
Both biological and physical factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
locks
B.
fringing reefs
C.
keys
D.
barrier reefs
E.
atolls
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
B.
regulate gas exchange
C.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
D.
float blades toward the surface
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
10%
B.
2%
C.
15%
D.
5%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Fewer species
B.
Increase in the number of mussels
C.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
D.
More species overall
E.
Less wave action
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
salinity
B.
tides
C.
light
D.
food
E.
shifting sand
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
symbiotic
B.
commensalistic
C.
episodic
D.
mutualistic
E.
parasitic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Always have a soft skeleton
B.
Only live in temperate waters
C.
Have zooxanthellae
D.
Are scavengers
E.
Are non-reef builders
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
B.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
C.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
D.
All of the choices are true
E.
Provide habitats to many species
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
B.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
C.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
D.
Release mucus and other chemicals
E.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
B.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
C.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
D.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
E.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
tertiary consumer
B.
primary producer
C.
quaternary consumer
D.
primary consumer
E.
secondary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
sexual reproducers
B.
brooders
C.
gamete spawners
D.
broadcast spawners
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Hawaiian Islands
B.
the Caribbean
C.
the Aleutian Islands
D.
the Indo-Pacific
E.
the Galapagos
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
B.
Freshwater moving from rivers
C.
The Coriolis effect
D.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
E.
High tides moving in
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
turtles in the intertidal
B.
barnacles in the intertidal
C.
otters in kelp forests
D.
salmon in estuaries
E.
octopus in the lower intertidal
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
silicate
B.
calcium bicarbonate
C.
strontium sulphate
D.
calcium carbonate
E.
chitin
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
scallops
B.
mussels
C.
tube snails
D.
abalone
E.
squids
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
evaporative cooling
B.
natal homing
C.
aerial respiration
D.
none of these
E.
use of the operculum
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
silt, clay, mud
B.
clay, silt, mud
C.
mud, silt, clay
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Maximum capacity
B.
Steady state
C.
An ecosystem's limit
D.
Carrying capacity
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
coastal plain estuaries
B.
bar-build estuaries
C.
fjord
D.
drowned fiver valleys
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
B.
fungal, mass spawning
C.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
D.
zooxanthellae, mortality
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Lower
B.
Middle
C.
Upper
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
interspecific, intraspecific
B.
facilitative, agonistic
C.
agonistic, true
D.
intraspecific, interspecific
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
porous, inhabitants
B.
thin, builders
C.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
D.
calcium carbonate, builders
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
creeks, inland waterways
B.
lakes, hyposaline pools
C.
ocean, brackish water
D.
rivers, seawater
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
sharing
B.
generalization
C.
specialization
D.
partitioning
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Pleistocene
B.
Pliocene
C.
Paleocene
D.
Protocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
food
B.
space
C.
light
D.
sexual partners
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
physiological adaptation
B.
genetic acclimatization
C.
physiological acclimatization
D.
genetic adaptation
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
salinity
B.
predation
C.
light
D.
nutrients
E.
waves
F.
temperature
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