Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found on a submerged volcano
B.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
C.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
D.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Need less oxygen to survive
B.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
C.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
D.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
E.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Salinity
B.
Temerature
C.
Predation
D.
Light
E.
Substrate
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly biological factors
B.
Both biological and physical factors
C.
Neither physical nor biological factors
D.
Mostly physical factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
fringing reefs
B.
atolls
C.
barrier reefs
D.
locks
E.
keys
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
B.
regulate gas exchange
C.
float blades toward the surface
D.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
2%
B.
15%
C.
10%
D.
5%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Fewer species
B.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
C.
Increase in the number of mussels
D.
More species overall
E.
Less wave action
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
shifting sand
B.
salinity
C.
light
D.
tides
E.
food
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
episodic
B.
commensalistic
C.
mutualistic
D.
symbiotic
E.
parasitic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Are non-reef builders
B.
Always have a soft skeleton
C.
Only live in temperate waters
D.
Have zooxanthellae
E.
Are scavengers
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
B.
Provide habitats to many species
C.
All of the choices are true
D.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
E.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
B.
Release mucus and other chemicals
C.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
D.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
E.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
B.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
C.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
D.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
E.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
primary consumer
B.
secondary consumer
C.
tertiary consumer
D.
primary producer
E.
quaternary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
sexual reproducers
B.
gamete spawners
C.
brooders
D.
broadcast spawners
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Caribbean
B.
the Galapagos
C.
the Hawaiian Islands
D.
the Aleutian Islands
E.
the Indo-Pacific
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
The Coriolis effect
B.
Freshwater moving from rivers
C.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
D.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
E.
High tides moving in
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
octopus in the lower intertidal
B.
barnacles in the intertidal
C.
turtles in the intertidal
D.
salmon in estuaries
E.
otters in kelp forests
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
silicate
B.
calcium carbonate
C.
chitin
D.
calcium bicarbonate
E.
strontium sulphate
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
mussels
B.
abalone
C.
tube snails
D.
scallops
E.
squids
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
none of these
B.
evaporative cooling
C.
use of the operculum
D.
natal homing
E.
aerial respiration
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
silt, clay, mud
B.
mud, silt, clay
C.
clay, silt, mud
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Steady state
B.
Carrying capacity
C.
Maximum capacity
D.
An ecosystem's limit
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
coastal plain estuaries
B.
bar-build estuaries
C.
drowned fiver valleys
D.
fjord
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
B.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
C.
zooxanthellae, mortality
D.
fungal, mass spawning
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Middle
B.
Upper
C.
Lower
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
facilitative, agonistic
B.
agonistic, true
C.
intraspecific, interspecific
D.
interspecific, intraspecific
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
thin, builders
B.
calcium carbonate, builders
C.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
D.
porous, inhabitants
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
rivers, seawater
B.
creeks, inland waterways
C.
ocean, brackish water
D.
lakes, hyposaline pools
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
partitioning
B.
specialization
C.
generalization
D.
sharing
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Pleistocene
B.
Paleocene
C.
Pliocene
D.
Protocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
light
B.
space
C.
sexual partners
D.
food
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
physiological adaptation
B.
physiological acclimatization
C.
genetic adaptation
D.
genetic acclimatization
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
light
B.
salinity
C.
predation
D.
temperature
E.
nutrients
F.
waves
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