Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found on a submerged volcano
B.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
C.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
D.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
B.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
C.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
D.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
E.
Need less oxygen to survive
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Temerature
B.
Light
C.
Substrate
D.
Predation
E.
Salinity
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly biological factors
B.
Mostly physical factors
C.
Neither physical nor biological factors
D.
Both biological and physical factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
fringing reefs
B.
barrier reefs
C.
keys
D.
atolls
E.
locks
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
B.
float blades toward the surface
C.
regulate gas exchange
D.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
5%
B.
10%
C.
15%
D.
2%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Less wave action
B.
More species overall
C.
Increase in the number of mussels
D.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
E.
Fewer species
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
light
B.
salinity
C.
tides
D.
shifting sand
E.
food
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
parasitic
B.
commensalistic
C.
mutualistic
D.
symbiotic
E.
episodic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Have zooxanthellae
B.
Are scavengers
C.
Only live in temperate waters
D.
Are non-reef builders
E.
Always have a soft skeleton
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
B.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
C.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
D.
All of the choices are true
E.
Provide habitats to many species
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
B.
Release mucus and other chemicals
C.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
D.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
E.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
B.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
C.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
D.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
E.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
quaternary consumer
B.
tertiary consumer
C.
primary consumer
D.
primary producer
E.
secondary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
gamete spawners
B.
broadcast spawners
C.
sexual reproducers
D.
brooders
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Caribbean
B.
the Hawaiian Islands
C.
the Galapagos
D.
the Aleutian Islands
E.
the Indo-Pacific
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
B.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
C.
The Coriolis effect
D.
Freshwater moving from rivers
E.
High tides moving in
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
otters in kelp forests
B.
turtles in the intertidal
C.
octopus in the lower intertidal
D.
salmon in estuaries
E.
barnacles in the intertidal
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
silicate
B.
calcium carbonate
C.
calcium bicarbonate
D.
chitin
E.
strontium sulphate
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
mussels
B.
tube snails
C.
abalone
D.
squids
E.
scallops
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
none of these
B.
aerial respiration
C.
use of the operculum
D.
evaporative cooling
E.
natal homing
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
clay, silt, mud
B.
silt, clay, mud
C.
mud, silt, clay
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Carrying capacity
B.
Maximum capacity
C.
An ecosystem's limit
D.
Steady state
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
bar-build estuaries
B.
fjord
C.
drowned fiver valleys
D.
coastal plain estuaries
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
B.
fungal, mass spawning
C.
zooxanthellae, mortality
D.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Upper
B.
Lower
C.
Middle
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
facilitative, agonistic
B.
intraspecific, interspecific
C.
interspecific, intraspecific
D.
agonistic, true
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
thin, builders
B.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
C.
porous, inhabitants
D.
calcium carbonate, builders
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
ocean, brackish water
B.
creeks, inland waterways
C.
lakes, hyposaline pools
D.
rivers, seawater
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
specialization
B.
generalization
C.
partitioning
D.
sharing
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Paleocene
B.
Pleistocene
C.
Pliocene
D.
Protocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
sexual partners
B.
space
C.
food
D.
light
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
physiological adaptation
B.
physiological acclimatization
C.
genetic acclimatization
D.
genetic adaptation
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
waves
B.
light
C.
temperature
D.
nutrients
E.
predation
F.
salinity
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