Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 3
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Question #1
A coral atoll is:
A.
typically found on a submerged volcano
B.
a volcanic structure with abundant calcareous worms
C.
a type of coral commonly found on oceanic spreading centers
D.
typically found as a mounded structure on a continental shelf
Question #2
Euryhaline species:
A.
Only tolerate small temperature changes
B.
Can survive broad changes in salinity
C.
Need less oxygen to survive
D.
Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species
E.
Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities
Question #3
All of the following are abiotic factors except:
A.
Salinity
B.
Light
C.
Predation
D.
Temerature
E.
Substrate
Question #4
The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by:
A.
Mostly biological factors
B.
Mostly physical factors
C.
Both biological and physical factors
D.
Neither physical nor biological factors
Question #5
Coral reefs formed on the edge of land masses close to the shore are called:
A.
locks
B.
atolls
C.
fringing reefs
D.
keys
E.
barrier reefs
Question #6
The primary function of the kelp pneumatocyst is to...
A.
regulate gas exchange
B.
provide surface for epiphyte growth
C.
float blades toward the surface
D.
provide CO2 for photosynthesis
Question #7
Approximately what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?
A.
15%
B.
5%
C.
2%
D.
10%
Question #8
Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in:
A.
Increase in the number of mussels
B.
Less wave action
C.
More species overall
D.
Fewer species
E.
Decrease in the number of seaweeds
Question #9
The primary challenge for sandy beach organisms is/are:
A.
food
B.
light
C.
shifting sand
D.
salinity
E.
tides
Question #10
An association in which one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped is called a _____ association.
A.
parasitic
B.
symbiotic
C.
commensalistic
D.
mutualistic
E.
episodic
Question #11
Ahermatypic corals are those that:
A.
Always have a soft skeleton
B.
Are non-reef builders
C.
Only live in temperate waters
D.
Have zooxanthellae
E.
Are scavengers
Question #12
The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:
A.
Directly or indirectly provide food to many species
B.
Provide habitats to many species
C.
Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds
D.
Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems
E.
All of the choices are true
Question #13
Amongst reef-building corals, zooxanthellae:
A.
Provide the coral with protection from herbivores
B.
Help in the deposition of the skeleton
C.
Release mucus and other chemicals
D.
Provide the coral with carbon dioxide
E.
Provide the coral with protection from predators
Question #14
The “splash zone” refers to:
A.
Regions of the lower tide zones where animals can retreat and remain wet at most times in the tidal cycle
B.
The upper most area of the intertidal, not usually covered by the tides during most days, but that is “splashed” with sea water during high tides
C.
Tide pools in the upper intertidal where birds commonly bathe (seen from a distance as a “splash” environment)
D.
The region where crabs are usually found and “splash” around during feeding activities
E.
Intertidal zones where splashing of waves is magnified by the shape of the local rock formations
Question #15
The herbivorous, or plant eating, organisms in a trophic structure belong to ____ level.
A.
primary consumer
B.
tertiary consumer
C.
quaternary consumer
D.
primary producer
E.
secondary consumer
Question #16
Coral, fish, invertebrates that spawns eggs and sperm into the water for eternal fertilization are often termed ________.
A.
brooders
B.
broadcast spawners
C.
sexual reproducers
D.
gamete spawners
Question #17
The greatest coral diversity is found in:
A.
the Indo-Pacific
B.
the Caribbean
C.
the Aleutian Islands
D.
the Galapagos
E.
the Hawaiian Islands
Question #18
Tidal bores in estuaries result from the effect of:
A.
Differences in water temperature as one moves inland
B.
High tides moving in
C.
The Coriolis effect
D.
Salt wedge moving toward the surface
E.
Freshwater moving from rivers
Question #19
An example of a keystone species is/are:
A.
barnacles in the intertidal
B.
octopus in the lower intertidal
C.
salmon in estuaries
D.
turtles in the intertidal
E.
otters in kelp forests
Question #20
The physical structure described as a “coral reef” is constructed by organisms that produce:
A.
calcium bicarbonate
B.
calcium carbonate
C.
chitin
D.
silicate
E.
strontium sulphate
Question #21
A strong clinging foot is a vital adaptation for protection from predators for the:
A.
abalone
B.
squids
C.
mussels
D.
scallops
E.
tube snails
Question #22
Which of the following adaptations of intertidal molluscs help them avoid desiccation (drying up)?
A.
use of the operculum
B.
aerial respiration
C.
evaporative cooling
D.
none of these
E.
natal homing
Question #23
The primary sediment-type found within an estuary is ________, which is comprised of ________ and ________.
A.
mud, silt, clay
B.
silt, clay, mud
C.
clay, silt, mud
Question #24
________ is defined as the greatest number of individuals that can be sustained by the available resources.
A.
Carrying capacity
B.
An ecosystem's limit
C.
Maximum capacity
D.
Steady state
Question #25
A ________ is a an estuary found in areas that once had glaciers near the sea.
A.
bar-build estuaries
B.
drowned fiver valleys
C.
coastal plain estuaries
D.
fjord
Question #26
Under stressful conditions, scleractinian corals can purge their _____ symbionts; a process known as _____.
A.
fungal, mass spawning
B.
dinoflagellate, bleaching
C.
zooxanthellae, mortality
D.
cyanobacteria, bleaching
Question #27
Rocky shores are divided into three primary areas known upper, middle, and lower intertidal zones. Animals in the _____ zone experience the most extreme environmental stress and must be adapted to these conditions if they are to survive.
A.
Upper
B.
Lower
C.
Middle
Question #28
Burrowing organisms that live in within the sediment of sandy and silty benthos are extrastitial fauna.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
________ competition occurs between two or more different species for a limited resource, whereas ________ competition is the struggle that occurs between organisms of the same species when resources are scarce.
A.
intraspecific, interspecific
B.
interspecific, intraspecific
C.
facilitative, agonistic
D.
agonistic, true
Question #30
Hermatypic corals produce _____ skeletons, and are the primary _____ of reefs.
A.
calcium carbonate, builders
B.
calcium-proteinaceous, producers
C.
thin, builders
D.
porous, inhabitants
Question #31
The process of converting nitrogen gas into an organic form that animals can use is called nitrogen fixation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
An estuary is a transition zone where waters from ________ meets and mix with ________.
A.
rivers, seawater
B.
creeks, inland waterways
C.
ocean, brackish water
D.
lakes, hyposaline pools
Question #33
Dietary _____ can reduce competition but it may leave species vulnerable when resources are scarce.
A.
generalization
B.
partitioning
C.
sharing
D.
specialization
Question #34
The geologic period that began 2 million years ago where sea levels rose-and-fell several times, affecting coral reefs and estuaries.
A.
Pleistocene
B.
Paleocene
C.
Protocene
D.
Pliocene
Question #35
In the rocky intertidal and coral reefs ecosystems ______ can be a limiting resource.
A.
space
B.
sexual partners
C.
food
D.
light
Question #36
_______ is when an organism's genes are unchanged and the change is not passed on to the offspring.
A.
genetic acclimatization
B.
genetic adaptation
C.
physiological acclimatization
D.
physiological adaptation
Question #37
The global distribution of coral reefs in the ocean is MOST limited by what? (pick two),,
A.
temperature
B.
predation
C.
waves
D.
salinity
E.
light
F.
nutrients
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