Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Winter 2020 » Text No. 2
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
Relative to other primates, prosimian adaptations include:
A.
smaller eye orbits.
B.
a reduced number of teeth.
C.
an enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands
D.
a larger brain.
Question #2
The eminent British anatomist Sir Wilfrid E. Le Gros Clark (1895–1971) identified three prominent tendencies. They are:
A.
arboreal adaptation, parental investment, and the presence of dietary plasticity.
B.
increased mobility, arboreal adaptation, and brachiation.
C.
the presence of a rhinarium, forward-facing eyes, and increased parental care.
D.
the presence of a rhinarium, increased mobility, and an opposable thumb.
Question #3
The typical catarrhine dental formula is:
A.
3 / 1 / 2 / 3.
B.
2 / 1 / 3 / 3
C.
1 / 1 / 2 / 3.
D.
2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
Question #4
Prehensile tails are:
A.
present in most primates.
B.
made strictly of muscle.
C.
present in catarrhine primates.
D.
present only in some platyrrhines.
Question #5
Living lemurs are found only in:
A.
Asia.
B.
Africa.
C.
South America.
D.
Madagascar.
Question #6
Arboreal adaptation is:
A.
adaptation to life in the savanna.
B.
adaptation to life in the trees.
C.
the ability to brachiate.
D.
the ability to move on four limbs.
Question #7
Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations, including:
A.
a precision grip.
B.
opposable thumbs.
C.
short digits.
D.
an expanded reliance on sense of smell.
Question #8
African monkeys, including Miss Waldron’s red colobus, are:
A.
not highly adaptable to changing environments but do well in zoos
B.
a healthy population living in a subtropical environment.
C.
among the most endangered animal species due to disease
D.
among the most endangered animals due to human exploitation of resources
Question #9
You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution. You note that the authors refer to human ancestors as hominids. This implies that the researchers are relying on:
A.
None of the answers
B.
genetic classification of chimpanzees and humans, hence their use of the term hominid to describe human ancestors.
C.
anatomical classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate when looking at adaptation and anatomy.
D.
cladistic classifications of chimpanzees and humans, as this is most appropriate for their research.
Question #10
Altruistic behavior:
A.
is not an advantage of cooperation within a society.
B.
is not a beneficial evolutionary adaptation.
C.
is behavior that benefits others while causing a disadvantage to the individual.
D.
occurs only between primates that are not relatives.
Question #11
Sociality among primates is likely the result of which of the following selective pressures?
A.
niche competition
B.
adaptive radiation
C.
predation
D.
habitat
Question #12
Three key factors that contribute to a female primate’s success at feeding are
A.
cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.
B.
speed, agility, and strength.
C.
quality, distribution, and availability of food.
D.
source, quantity, and safety.
Question #13
Predator-specific vocalizations in Diana monkeys vary based on:
A.
individual factors, as in humans.
B.
conditioning in the lab by primatologists.
C.
the type of predator and the predator’s attack strategy.
D.
emotional impulses produced randomly and involuntarily.
Question #14
Sexual dimorphism:
A.
determines male and female social hierarchy.
B.
is the study of sexual intercourse between primates.
C.
tends to be lower than in groups where males disperse and compete with unrelated males.
D.
relates to sexual courtship rituals in primates.
Question #15
Male primates most often compete for mates while female primates compete for other resources, demonstrating that:
A.
reproduction has similar energy demands for both sexes, so males and females respond accordingly.
B.
primates do not vary in their abilities to respond to differing energy requirements.
C.
reproduction places different energy demands on males and females, resulting in different reproductive strategies.
D.
males acquire resources to ensure the survival of their offspring
Question #16
Primate societies are complexly organized. This means:
A.
within any primate group, individuals representing different kinships, ranks, ages, and sexes often form alliances.
B.
several species of primates coexist socially.
C.
some primate societies are male only.
D.
some primate societies are female only.
Question #17
Male reproductive strategies emphasize:
A.
avoiding risk-taking behavior.
B.
competition between males for access to reproductive-age females.
C.
engaging in care of young
D.
avoiding violence against competitors for female access.
Question #18
To reconstruct and interpret evolutionary changes, it is crucial to place each fossil in time. This is called a(n):
A.
chronological sequence.
B.
era.
C.
period.
D.
phylogeny.
Question #19
If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:
A.
superposition.
B.
paleomagnetism.
C.
geolayering.
D.
fluorine analysis.
Question #20
Fission track dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
A.
bone
B.
sedimentary rock
C.
igneous rock
D.
shell
Question #21
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
A.
radioisotopes
B.
index fossils.
C.
carbon 14.
D.
carbon 13 and carbon 12.
Question #22
Most of the fossils discovered in Africa come from the eastern and southern parts of the continent. Why is this?
A.
More populations of species lived in these areas and nowhere else.
B.
Only these areas were conducive to sustaining life
C.
These areas provided better preservation.
D.
Many villagers in these areas gather fossils to sell
Question #23
During the Holocene artifacts like _______ began to appear.
A.
wooden objects
B.
ceramics
C.
shells
D.
bones and teeth
Question #24
What is the most important variable in reconstructing ancient climate?
A.
temperature estimated using any of several methods
B.
weather
C.
sea levels
D.
isotope ratios
Question #25
A mummy is discovered whose tomb includes cloth, food, and other organic remains. What dating method would most likely be used to date the tomb?
A.
electron spin resonance
B.
carbon 14
C.
biostratigraphy
D.
dendrochronology
Question #26
Eras are:
A.
any time periods in the past.
B.
divisions in geologic time divided into periods and epochs.
C.
divisions of time based on cultural standards, as in “Stone Age
D.
the time frames during which a certain fossil species existed.
Question #27
Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:
A.
dryopithecids.
B.
adapids.
C.
plesiadapiforms.
D.
proconsulids.
Question #28
The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:
A.
primate.
B.
New World monkey.
C.
anthropoid.
D.
ape.
Question #29
The visual predation hypothesis proposes that:
A.
better vision allowed for better access to fruits and small insects
B.
predators had the ability to see primates better.
C.
species could see predators from further away, thereby securing time to flee.
D.
primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals
Question #30
Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?
A.
gorilla
B.
gibbon
C.
orangutan
D.
chimpanzee
Question #31
Plesiadapiforms are also called:
A.
adapids.
B.
dryopithecids
C.
proprimates.
D.
proconsulids.
Question #32
Apes went extinct in southern Europe (including France, Spain, Italy, and Greece) during the late Miocene, probably as a result of:
A.
early humans hunting them for food.
B.
climate change.
C.
a meteor impact.
D.
a disease pandemic.
Question #33
A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:
A.
spread of Sivapithecus
B.
adaptive radiation of Euprimates.
C.
extinction of many primate species.
D.
development of Dryopithecus.
Question #34
The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:
A.
bilophodont molars.
B.
a 2-1-2-3 dental formula
C.
a long canine tooth in males.
D.
a Y-5 molar pattern.
Question #35
Basal anthropoids are
A.
Paleocene primates that may have been the first anthropoids.
B.
Eocene organisms that may have been the first primates
C.
Eocene primates that are the earliest anthropoids.
D.
Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates.
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here