Santa Monica College » Biology » Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020

Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 4

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Question #1

A type of seabird that was particularly affected by pesticides such as DDT:

A. Great Blue Herons

B. Common gulls

C. Frigate Birds

D. Cormorants

E. Pelicans

Question #2

Marine fisheries (both finfish and shellfish) provide approximately what percentage of animal protein consumed by humans around the world?

A. 17%

B. 0.50%

C. 1.00%

D. 10%

E. 25%

Question #3

Common adaptations of mesopelagic fishes include all of the following except:

A. Large size

B. Extensible jaws

C. Generalized diet

D. Large mouths

E. Needle-like teeth

Question #4

Bacteria thriving around deep-sea hydrothermal vents are:

A. Photosynthetic

B. Symbiotic

C. Heterotrophic

D. Chemosynthetic

E. Parasitic

Question #5

By-catch is the name given to:

A. Krill and other shellfish

B. Species caught for industrial purposes

C. Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

D. Farm raised fish

E. Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species

Question #6

Many cold seep organisms are dependent on:

A. Mixotrophic bacteria

B. Chemosynthetic bacteria

C. Heterotrophic bacteria

D. Parasitic bacteria

E. Photosynthetic bacteria

Question #7

The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:

A. Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

B. Provide habitats to many species

C. Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D. Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

E. All of the choices are true

Question #8

Black smokers are areas with:

A. volcanic activity nearby

B. hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

C. seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

D. 'chimneys' made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

E. all of the above

Question #9

The food base of the hydrothermal vent community is:

A. non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

B. the rain of detritus

C. basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

D. marine snow

E. bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

Question #10

The deep scattering layer (DSL) is:

A. layer of particles that scatters light at depth

B. a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

C. a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

D. a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

E. best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

Question #11

In fisheries, the maximum sustainable yield of a fish stock is when the fish population size is ________, and its natural growth rate is ______. This allows for the highest catch to be had year after year.

A. medium, high

B. low, medium

C. low, high

D. high, medium

Question #12

The ocean is massive! However, the largest fisheries are found on the continental shelf and are often found near areas of _______.

A. migrations

B. cold water

C. upwelling

D. warm water

Question #13

_______ are very important in deep sea sediments and contribute to high dissolved inorganic matter by killing and lysing their abundant prey.

A. Archaea

B. Cyanobacteria

C. Bacteria

D. Viruses

Question #14

The high respiration of decay-bacteria, and the lack of photosynthesis, causes ________ conditions at ~ 500 m in the deep sea. This high respiration here is attributed to _______.

A. hyperoxic, temperature

B. anoxic, salinity

C. hypoxic, vertical migration

D. hypoxic, food supply

Question #15

Deep sea animals do not use bioluminescence for countershading because ______.

A. there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

B. the lumination would be too bright

C. predators are above, not below

D. it is energetically expensive

Question #16

_______ is/are a complex visual system, almost like having two pairs of eyes.

A. Secondary retina

B. Tubular eyes

C. Lateral vision

D. Compound retina

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