Santa Monica College » Biology » Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020

Biol 15N Marine Biology » Winter 2020 » Exam 4

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Question #1

A type of seabird that was particularly affected by pesticides such as DDT:

A. Great Blue Herons

B. Cormorants

C. Pelicans

D. Frigate Birds

E. Common gulls

Question #2

Marine fisheries (both finfish and shellfish) provide approximately what percentage of animal protein consumed by humans around the world?

A. 17%

B. 1.00%

C. 0.50%

D. 25%

E. 10%

Question #3

Common adaptations of mesopelagic fishes include all of the following except:

A. Needle-like teeth

B. Large size

C. Extensible jaws

D. Large mouths

E. Generalized diet

Question #4

Bacteria thriving around deep-sea hydrothermal vents are:

A. Chemosynthetic

B. Photosynthetic

C. Symbiotic

D. Parasitic

E. Heterotrophic

Question #5

By-catch is the name given to:

A. Farm raised fish

B. Non-targeted organisms caught while fishing for other species

C. Krill and other shellfish

D. Species caught for industrial purposes

E. Species caught as part of traditional fisheries

Question #6

Many cold seep organisms are dependent on:

A. Mixotrophic bacteria

B. Parasitic bacteria

C. Heterotrophic bacteria

D. Chemosynthetic bacteria

E. Photosynthetic bacteria

Question #7

The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems:

A. Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems

B. All of the choices are true

C. Directly or indirectly provide food to many species

D. Provide habitats to many species

E. Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds

Question #8

Black smokers are areas with:

A. hot water pouring up from the deep-sea floor

B. 'chimneys' made from minerals, some over 40 feet high

C. volcanic activity nearby

D. seawater with so many minerals that it looks black

E. all of the above

Question #9

The food base of the hydrothermal vent community is:

A. the rain of detritus

B. marine snow

C. non-photosynthetic algae (eukaryotes) that use the unusual salt mixtures of the vents as food to increase their biomass

D. bacteria-like (prokaryotic) organisms

E. basically normal invertebrates, but ones that grow rapidly due to the warmth of the environment

Question #10

The deep scattering layer (DSL) is:

A. a sound scattering layer (or layers) of organisms that often vertically migrates

B. best known from eclipses, when the layer moves to greater depth

C. a layer of predators that scatters migrating organisms, as they attempt to prey on them

D. layer of particles that scatters light at depth

E. a mysterious sound producing layer at depth

Question #11

In fisheries, the maximum sustainable yield of a fish stock is when the fish population size is ________, and its natural growth rate is ______. This allows for the highest catch to be had year after year.

A. low, medium

B. low, high

C. medium, high

D. high, medium

Question #12

The ocean is massive! However, the largest fisheries are found on the continental shelf and are often found near areas of _______.

A. upwelling

B. warm water

C. cold water

D. migrations

Question #13

_______ are very important in deep sea sediments and contribute to high dissolved inorganic matter by killing and lysing their abundant prey.

A. Archaea

B. Bacteria

C. Cyanobacteria

D. Viruses

Question #14

The high respiration of decay-bacteria, and the lack of photosynthesis, causes ________ conditions at ~ 500 m in the deep sea. This high respiration here is attributed to _______.

A. hypoxic, vertical migration

B. hyperoxic, temperature

C. hypoxic, food supply

D. anoxic, salinity

Question #15

Deep sea animals do not use bioluminescence for countershading because ______.

A. predators are above, not below

B. there is no sunlight and no silhouettes

C. it is energetically expensive

D. the lumination would be too bright

Question #16

_______ is/are a complex visual system, almost like having two pairs of eyes.

A. Tubular eyes

B. Lateral vision

C. Secondary retina

D. Compound retina

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