A.   polygenic inheritance

B.   codominance

C.   recessive traits

D.   Mendelian inheritance

A.   DNA

B.   mitochondria

C.   sodium

D.   tRNA

A.   the entirety of an individual organism's genome

B.   pools of water that attract organisms and encourage mating

C.   the observable traits that are produced by a genotype

D.   the entire collection of genetic material in a breeding community that can be passed on from one generation to the next

A.   the X chromosome determines sex.

B.   sperm are more powerful than eggs.

C.   the Y chromosome is present in males only.

D.   the X chromosome originates only from females.

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   30,000 genes

B.   21,000 genes

C.   3 billion genes

D.   100,000 genes

A.   gene variants

B.   heterozygous genes

C.   homozygous genes

D.   locus

A.   chains of amino acids.

B.   ribosomes

C.   genes.

D.   your mind

A.   natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.

B.   natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.

C.   gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.

D.   mutations, genes, and genetic drift.

A.   A disease that kills one individual is likely to kill everybody else.

B.   Diseases typically attack individuals and not populations.

C.   Being the same makes everybody stronger since they are pure blooded and as a result are more likely to survive.

D.   Natural selection does not deal with diseases and as a result this scenario is not possible.

A.   peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.

B.   DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.

C.   traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.

D.   traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.

A.   can be masked in the phenotype.

B.   is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.

C.   can always be determined from the phenotype.

D.   can never be expressed in the phenotype.

A.   were rare and unlikely to occur.

B.   merely increased variation within populations.

C.   created new species.

D.   resulted in new phenotype characteristics.

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but are capable of successful interbreeding.

B.   are geographically isolated from one another, look alike, but are not capable of successful interbreeding.

C.   may share the same geographic area but are so phenotypically different that they never attempt to reproduce.

D.   have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but if they do happen to encounter one another, they are still capable of interbreeding although their offspring are infertile.

A.   A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.

B.   A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.

C.   A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.

D.   A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.

A.   controlled by a single gene

B.   controlled by multiple genes

C.   greatly manipulated by social factors

D.   mentally manipulated

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   function only in fruit flies.

B.   appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

C.   control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.

D.   control the development of language in humans.

A.   phenotypic

B.   recessive

C.   dominant

D.   structural

A.   nucleotide sequences

B.   epigenes

C.   diploid and haploid numbers

D.   chromosome number

A.   did not inherit characteristics from their parents but acquired them through interaction with their environment.

B.   changed genetically from their parents through the accumulation of random genetic mutations.

C.   would be composed of an even blend of their parents’ characteristics.

D.   would inherit characteristics that were acquired during their parents’ lifetimes.

A.   determined by one gene

B.   determined by one gene with multiple alleles

C.   determined by more than one gene

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   organisms transform and pass these transformations on to their offspring

B.   none of the answers are satisfactory

C.   within a population, some variations are favored by environmental conditions and others are not

D.   all species are fixed

A.   No since all traits are only controlled by one gene with two alleles.

B.   Yes since all genes having to do with a trait always have the exact same influence on a trait.

C.   None of the other responses are satisfactory answers.

D.   No since different genes will exert varying degrees of influence on the trait

A.   When both alleles are present none of them will be passed down to the next generation

B.   The dominant allele is more likely to be passed down.

C.   The recessive allele is more likely to be passed down.

D.   Both alleles have an equal probability of being passed down to the offspring.

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Translation and transcription

B.   Replication and protein synthesis

C.   Replication and DNA construction

D.   Replication and polymerase immersion

A.   gene flow.

B.   genetic drift.

C.   admixture.

D.   gene migration.

A.   dinosaurs

B.   humans from a biological perspective

C.   pyrimids

D.   humans from a cultural perspective only.

A.   Deoxyribose, phosphate and nitrogenous bases

B.   Amino acids, and hydrogen bonds

C.   Chromosome s and nuclein

A.   the appearance of a new species.

B.   a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

C.   changes in the DNA of an individual over his or her lifetime.

D.   a process that occurs only over extremely long periods of time.

A.   they decrease variation

B.   They Don’t effect variation

C.   They both increases and decreases variation

D.   they increase variation

A.   extra chromosomes

B.   a full complement of chromosomes

A.   evolved organisms

B.   mutants

C.   species

D.   adapted organisms

A.   a spontaneous population shift

B.   a population bottleneck

C.   natural selection

D.   extinction

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   species split

B.   macroevolution

C.   microevolution

D.   speciation

A.   energy production

B.   cell replication

C.   protein synthesis

D.   cytoplasmic

A.   Natural selection

B.   Gene flow

C.   Sexual selection

D.   Genetic drift

A.   genetic drift.

B.   a population bottleneck.

C.   gene flow.

D.   founder effect.

A.   recombination

B.   natrual selection

C.   genetic drift

D.   gene flow

A.   recessive allele

B.   phenotype

C.   genotype

D.   allele frequency

A.   stabilizing selection.

B.   the founder effect.

C.   gene flow.

D.   mutation.

A.   physics, biological, cultural, and linguistic.

B.   cultural, linguistic, geological, and physical.

C.   biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.

D.   archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.

A.   punnett square

B.   pedigree chart

C.   heritable chart

D.   none of the above

A.   only specific genes for specific proteins are activated in specific cell types.

B.   each cell type has its own unique DNA that is different from all other cells.

C.   they are mentally manipulated by an organism to achieve specific characteristics.

A.   hardy effect

B.   reproductive variance

C.   genetic bottleneck

D.   sexual selection