A.   codominance

B.   recessive traits

C.   polygenic inheritance

D.   Mendelian inheritance

A.   DNA

B.   sodium

C.   mitochondria

D.   tRNA

A.   pools of water that attract organisms and encourage mating

B.   the entirety of an individual organism's genome

C.   the entire collection of genetic material in a breeding community that can be passed on from one generation to the next

D.   the observable traits that are produced by a genotype

A.   the X chromosome determines sex.

B.   the X chromosome originates only from females.

C.   the Y chromosome is present in males only.

D.   sperm are more powerful than eggs.

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   30,000 genes

B.   21,000 genes

C.   100,000 genes

D.   3 billion genes

A.   homozygous genes

B.   heterozygous genes

C.   gene variants

D.   locus

A.   chains of amino acids.

B.   ribosomes

C.   your mind

D.   genes.

A.   natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and mutations.

B.   natural selection, genes, alleles, and chromosomes.

C.   mutations, genes, and genetic drift.

D.   gene flow, mutations, chromosomes, and genes.

A.   Diseases typically attack individuals and not populations.

B.   Being the same makes everybody stronger since they are pure blooded and as a result are more likely to survive.

C.   A disease that kills one individual is likely to kill everybody else.

D.   Natural selection does not deal with diseases and as a result this scenario is not possible.

A.   DNA was the molecule carrying the genetic code.

B.   traits are passed on from parent to offspring as discrete units.

C.   traits inherited from each parent blended together in the offspring.

D.   peas were a poor choice for understanding basic hereditary principles.

A.   can be masked in the phenotype.

B.   can never be expressed in the phenotype.

C.   is expressed in the phenotype alongside a dominant allele.

D.   can always be determined from the phenotype.

A.   created new species.

B.   resulted in new phenotype characteristics.

C.   were rare and unlikely to occur.

D.   merely increased variation within populations.

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but if they do happen to encounter one another, they are still capable of interbreeding although their offspring are infertile.

B.   may share the same geographic area but are so phenotypically different that they never attempt to reproduce.

C.   are geographically isolated from one another, look alike, but are not capable of successful interbreeding.

D.   have their own unique phenotypes and are geographically isolated from one another, but are capable of successful interbreeding.

A.   A theory has been less thoroughly tested than a hypothesis.

B.   A theory is an explanation that has been carefully examined and tested.

C.   A theory is an explanation based upon controversial facts.

D.   A hypothesis explains observations and cannot be refuted by new evidence.

A.   mentally manipulated

B.   controlled by a single gene

C.   controlled by multiple genes

D.   greatly manipulated by social factors

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   function only in fruit flies.

B.   control which amino acids get plugged into polypeptide chains.

C.   appear to function in similar ways across diverse groups of organisms.

D.   control the development of language in humans.

A.   phenotypic

B.   structural

C.   recessive

D.   dominant

A.   epigenes

B.   nucleotide sequences

C.   chromosome number

D.   diploid and haploid numbers

A.   would inherit characteristics that were acquired during their parents’ lifetimes.

B.   changed genetically from their parents through the accumulation of random genetic mutations.

C.   did not inherit characteristics from their parents but acquired them through interaction with their environment.

D.   would be composed of an even blend of their parents’ characteristics.

A.   determined by one gene

B.   determined by one gene with multiple alleles

C.   determined by more than one gene

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   none of the answers are satisfactory

B.   all species are fixed

C.   organisms transform and pass these transformations on to their offspring

D.   within a population, some variations are favored by environmental conditions and others are not

A.   Yes since all genes having to do with a trait always have the exact same influence on a trait.

B.   No since all traits are only controlled by one gene with two alleles.

C.   No since different genes will exert varying degrees of influence on the trait

D.   None of the other responses are satisfactory answers.

A.   Both alleles have an equal probability of being passed down to the offspring.

B.   When both alleles are present none of them will be passed down to the next generation

C.   The recessive allele is more likely to be passed down.

D.   The dominant allele is more likely to be passed down.

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Translation and transcription

B.   Replication and DNA construction

C.   Replication and polymerase immersion

D.   Replication and protein synthesis

A.   gene migration.

B.   gene flow.

C.   admixture.

D.   genetic drift.

A.   humans from a cultural perspective only.

B.   pyrimids

C.   humans from a biological perspective

D.   dinosaurs

A.   Amino acids, and hydrogen bonds

B.   Chromosome s and nuclein

C.   Deoxyribose, phosphate and nitrogenous bases

A.   the appearance of a new species.

B.   a change in allele frequencies in a breeding population over time.

C.   changes in the DNA of an individual over his or her lifetime.

D.   a process that occurs only over extremely long periods of time.

A.   they decrease variation

B.   They both increases and decreases variation

C.   They Don’t effect variation

D.   they increase variation

A.   extra chromosomes

B.   a full complement of chromosomes

A.   mutants

B.   evolved organisms

C.   adapted organisms

D.   species

A.   extinction

B.   a population bottleneck

C.   natural selection

D.   a spontaneous population shift

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   microevolution

B.   speciation

C.   species split

D.   macroevolution

A.   cytoplasmic

B.   cell replication

C.   protein synthesis

D.   energy production

A.   Gene flow

B.   Sexual selection

C.   Natural selection

D.   Genetic drift

A.   gene flow.

B.   genetic drift.

C.   founder effect.

D.   a population bottleneck.

A.   recombination

B.   natrual selection

C.   genetic drift

D.   gene flow

A.   phenotype

B.   allele frequency

C.   recessive allele

D.   genotype

A.   gene flow.

B.   mutation.

C.   the founder effect.

D.   stabilizing selection.

A.   biological, archaeological, cultural, and linguistic.

B.   physics, biological, cultural, and linguistic.

C.   archaeological, geological, geographical, and biological.

D.   cultural, linguistic, geological, and physical.

A.   pedigree chart

B.   heritable chart

C.   punnett square

D.   none of the above

A.   only specific genes for specific proteins are activated in specific cell types.

B.   each cell type has its own unique DNA that is different from all other cells.

C.   they are mentally manipulated by an organism to achieve specific characteristics.

A.   genetic bottleneck

B.   reproductive variance

C.   sexual selection

D.   hardy effect