Geol 102 - Environmental Geology » Spring 2020 » Exam 1
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Question #1
Magma typically rises to the surface at divergent plate boundaries.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
Once the Earth's carrying capacity is exceeded, population reduction will occur whether we want it to or not.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
With a population growth rate of 0.7%, it would take 100 years for the population to double.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #4
Rapid cooling of molten rock produces large crystals.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
A single seismograph can determine the location of an earthquake.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
We can credit volcanoes for our oceans and atmosphere.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Relative age dating enables scientists to determine the age in years of a rock mass, whereas absolute age dating can only determine the sequence of events.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
People living along a passive margin have a low probability of experiencing volcanoes and earthquakes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
An environmental geologist could be expected to apply the scientific method to all of the following questions EXCEPT:
A.
How did the water supply to a community get contaminated?
B.
Are the soils in a sub-development safe to build on?
C.
Which regions in the United States have the lowest seismic risk?
D.
Which public policy can best lower population growth rate?
E.
What is the landslide potential of building a shopping mall outside a city?
Question #10
The number of people or animals that can be supported indefinitely by a given area of land is called ____.
A.
carrying capacity
B.
growth rate
C.
critical mass
D.
population dynamics
Question #11
Which item listed below has NOT helped to increase the carrying capacity of the Earth?
A.
the development of a vaccine for polio
B.
the development of nitrogen-based fertilizers
C.
the development and application of chemical herbicides
D.
the development and application of chemical pesticides
E.
genetic modification of grains and other crops
Question #12
Which of the following is not true of environmental geology?
A.
It is concerned with developing methods to prevent natural disasters from occurring.
B.
It seeks ways for the Earth's inhabitants to interact safely with their geological surroundings.
C.
It is concerned with how natural geological processes affect man.
D.
It applies the science of geology to problems arising from the complex interactions of water, soil, air, solid earth, and life.
E.
It is concerned largely with surface geologic processes.
Question #13
Secondary waves (S-waves) are able to pass through which layer of Earth?
A.
Mantle and liquid outer core
B.
Crust only
C.
Mantle, liquid outer core, and solid inner core
D.
Liquid outer core and solid inner core
E.
Crust and mantle
Question #14
The compressional movement of plate boundaries, such as observed at the Juan De Fuca plate, is representative of which type of boundary?
A.
Spreading center
B.
Transform
C.
Convergent
D.
Subduction
E.
Divergent
Question #15
Which geological processes explains why the ocean floors are so young?
A.
mountain formation
B.
subduction
C.
erosion
D.
transform faulting
E.
rift formation
Question #16
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault?
A.
divergent
B.
convergent
C.
passive
D.
transform
Question #17
What force is thought to be an important cause of plate tectonic motion?
A.
thermal convection currents
B.
volcanic eruptions
C.
Earth tides
D.
shear strain
E.
earthquakes
Question #18
What is a common distinguishing characteristic of sedimentary rock masses?
A.
They tend to be extremely hard.
B.
They are always very colorful.
C.
They are formed by solidification from a melt.
D.
They tend to be layered.
Question #19
Granite is a type of:
A.
volcanic rock.
B.
intrusive igneous rock.
C.
extrusive igneous rock.
D.
metamorphic rock.
E.
sedimentary rock.
Question #20
Which property of minerals is variable and therefore the least reliable as a clue in identifying a mineral type?
A.
luster
B.
cleavage
C.
color
D.
crystal form
E.
hardness
Question #21
An atom having either a positive or negative electrical charge is called a(n):
A.
electron.
B.
ion.
C.
molecule.
D.
isotope.
E.
plasma.
Question #22
How much more energy does a magnitude 8 earthquake release than a magnitude 6 earthquake?
A.
30 times more
B.
900 times more
C.
10 times more
D.
27,000 times more
E.
2 times more
Question #23
What is the point of subsurface origin of an earthquake called?
A.
epicenter
B.
ground zero
C.
focus
D.
nexus
E.
scarp
Question #24
Which type of fault would you expect if the rocks are subjected to extensional stress?
A.
Thrust Fault
B.
Reverse Fault
C.
Strike-slip Fault
D.
Stress Fault
E.
Normal Fault
Question #25
Which type of earthquake wave moves the fastest?
A.
permanent waves
B.
S-waves
C.
Love waves
D.
Rayleigh waves
E.
P-waves
Question #26
Which type of seismic wave is most responsible for damage?
A.
P-waves
B.
body waves
C.
sonar
D.
S-waves
E.
surface waves
Question #27
Which of the following methods is NOT useful in forecasting the probability of a volcanic eruption?
A.
earthquakes measured by seismometers
B.
swelling measured by tilt-meters or satellite interferometry
C.
changes in Earth's gravity field measured by gravimeters
D.
changes in the composition of fumarole gas measured by a gas chromatograph
E.
reversals in the local magnetic field measure by magnetometers
Question #28
What is a volcano called that has not erupted in living memory but shows evidence of having erupted within the past few thousand years?
A.
active
B.
a high risk volcano
C.
dormant
D.
inactive
E.
extinct
Question #29
The majestic snow-covered peaks on the landward side of a subduction zone are usually what type of volcano?
A.
basaltic plateaus
B.
shield volcanoes
C.
cinder cones
D.
domes
E.
composite volcanoes
Question #30
What does viscosity mean?
A.
It refers to how brittle a solid substance is.
B.
It refers to a temperature gradient in a liquid.
C.
It has to do with the resistance of a fluid to flow.
D.
It is a measure of the volume of pore space in a volcanic rock
E.
It is a measure of flexibility of a solid.
Question #31
What is a large circular or elliptical depression at the summit of a volcano resulting from collapse called?
A.
a caldera
B.
a volcanic vent
C.
a crater
D.
a blow hole
E.
a rift valley
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