California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Spring 2020

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Spring 2020 » Final Test

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Question #1

In your reading, "The Future of Ethics: Impoverishment", the author states that some feminists made an uneasy alliance with Neo-Malthusians. What was the reason for such an alliance?

A. Feminists supported eugenics and Neo-Malthusians believed eugenics may cause poverty

B. neo-Malthusianism and Feminism are similar concepts

C. Feminists wanted reproductive freedom and agreed that overpopulation could be a problem, therefore women should be freed from the role of "baby makers"

D. Feminists and Neo-Malthusians agreed that human sexual desire was the main driving force of economy

Question #2

In your reading "Just War Theory", Malcom X and Ghandi believe it requires strength to fight against injustice. However, how were they different in their views?

A. They both taught the same thing

B. Ghandi only fought against colonialism, Malcom X - against capitalism

C. Ghandi expressed Hindu views and Malcolm X expressed Muslim views

D. Ghandi believed in non-violent resistance, but Malcolm X believed responding with violence to violence is the only way to justice

Question #3

The concept of "Just War" (Justum Bellum) as suggested and refined by some ancient Christian theologians, believes that the ultimate goal of going to war must be:

A. Achieving peace

B. Saving art works from being destroyed

C. Destroying the enemy

D. Establishing the right religion

Question #4

Among other things John Locke is also well-known for his defense of:

A. Women's Right to Choose to terminate pregnancy

B. Climate Change related pollution reduction

C. Private Property Rights

D. Egalitarianism

Question #5

In the chapter "The Case for Equality", the author argues that:

A. Morality has nothing to do with business

B. Contracts are moral only if executed without duress (pressure)

C. As long as there is consent and contract, agreement is moral

D. Consent and contract cannot guarantee morality, true ethics is higher than consent

Question #6

State X believes that all citizens can ideally be governed by the rule of God revealed through his prophets written in the Holy Book, and that these truths are upheld and enforced by clerics. This form of government is known as:

A. Totalitarianism

B. Republicanism

C. Vaticanism

D. Theocracy

Question #7

According to "Just War" theory, one of the main principles for waging a moral war is:

A. If war is declared by a legitimate authority or government

B. If economic gains outweigh human loss

C. Gaining advantage during negotiations

D. If war is sanctioned by a religious authority

Question #8

Laissez-Faire government supports:

A. Socialist Government

B. Egalitarian Government

C. Utopian Government

D. Minimum Government

Question #9

John Rawls would most likely support:

A. Reasonable taxation of the wealthy to provide opportunities for the poor

B. Laissez-Faire government

C. A government where all talents are equal

D. Lower taxes for the rich, because taxing them excessively would be stealing

Question #10

The "thought experiment" suggested by one of the authors, (see reading) is best explained by which of the following?

A. Best way of making laws is to be able to think about the rich, the poor and the middle class

B. To make fair laws for the society it is important to experiment with different types of taxation systems eventually adopting the most suitable law

C. One needs to dream about the prefect Utopian state which will eventually become reality

D. It is important for the lawmakers to assume that they do not know their financial or societal condition, because in this case they would make fair laws

Question #11

John thinks in economics government should be a "Laissez-Faire" type. But he also believes that government should uphold moral standards regulating definition of marriage, drug policies and prostitution. In the U.S. John would most likely be a:

A. Libertarian

B. Democrat

C. Republican

D. Oligarch

Question #12

Which of the following thinkers is associated with a teaching which is concerned about overpopulation, shortage of resources which will lead to hunger, wars and disease.

A. Thomas More

B. Nietzsche

C. Malthus

D. Locke

Question #13

What do you think would make contracts unethical according to business ethics principles?

A. Consent is important, but ethical contracts must be a result of well-informed parties using equal bargaining position

B. Consent alone is not enough, ethical contracts must be available for change if one of the parties has decided to change the terms because of his/her inability to do the job professionally

C. Evidence of written or oral agreement between responsible adults is sufficient to make the contracts ethical

D. Contracts can be ethical only if they lack any self-interest or profiteering of any kind

Question #14

Select the correct pair with ideological similarity

A. Egalitarianism = Libertarianism

B. Thought Experiment = Robert Nozick

C. Libertarianism = Laissez-Faire Government

D. USA Republicanism = John Rawls

Question #15

A "Thought Experiment" to write a fair social contract was suggested by:

A. Thomas More

B. Robert Nozick

C. John Locke

D. John Rawls

Question #16

A classical Libertarian would most likely oppose which of the following ?

A. Any form of mandatory arrest

B. Government collecting any form of tax from its citizens

C. Prostitution of minors

D. Mandatory minimum wage

Question #17

In your reading assignment "War and Peace" author Masao Abbe is quoted to have said that true ethics is:

A. Harshly condemning those, who instigated Auschwitz and Hiroshima

B. Realizing that the worst crimes in human history may have been the result of my own bad karma

C. Understanding that all wars occurred because of religions

D. In waging a "just war" through legitimate authority

Question #18

Government system called "democracy" means:

A. People participate in government through representation by voting

B. Government acknowledges and protects fundamental human rights

C. Government allows freedoms and privileges for the people

D. All citizens are equal, because wealth is distributed evenly

Question #19

Some Utilitarians believe that taxing the wealthy is good because:

A. Insignificant burden for the few wealthy people can create significant happiness for many

B. In the long run its good for the wealthy, because they will be able to sell more merchandise to the poor

C. Wealthy have money only because they are lucky

D. It is useful for the rich to share their wealth

Question #20

Francis Galton is known for suggesting the term:

A. Eugenics

B. Superman

C. Utopia

D. Thought Experiment

Question #21

According to John Locke, humans have the right to own all commodity available in nature by virtue of being free human beings with divine rights

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #22

Nietzsche believed that the modern person, the Superman, has reached the peak of his/her development.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #23

Robert Nozick would most likely be against legalizing gay marriage

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #24

Anti-Malthusians believe that having more people on the planet does not necessarily create shortage in resources, more people with good skills and training create wealth and prosperity

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #25

In your reading of Sandel, (see "Justice and the Common Good"), the author suggests that it would be difficult to entirely separate religion from politics

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #26

In the reading material "Supreme Court Decisions", we see that the US courts see "human freedom" as "not obliged to save someone's life"

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #27

In the reading material, Plessy v. Ferguson case is related to racial segregation

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #28

Roe vs. Wade case is related to abortion

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #29

Libertarianism believes that government should be paternalistic

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #30

A "Plutocratic" government consists of mostly wealthy people

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #31

Egalitarian economists think it is moral for the rich to share wealth with the poor through taxes

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #32

According to Locke, freedom is not a natural right of humans, but an endowment granted by the king

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #33

Modern scholarship officially accepts the existence of a superior "Aryan" race with unusually high-quality genetic pool, which originated in India

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #34

Based on your reading, "Just War" must be a "Last Resort"

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #35

In your reading of Sandel, (see "Justice and the Common Good"), the author believes that Obama's and Kennedy's views on the importance of religion are identical

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #36

The right to "pursue happiness" is a natural right

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #37

According to John Locke, private citizens have the right to own a weapon for self defense if necessary

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #38

Libertarianism believes government should not be a moral legislator

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #39

"Malthusian" theory is about the problems created by feminism

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #40

The concept of "Eugenics" is about encouraging humans with better genes to procreate

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

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