California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Spring 2020

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Spring 2020 » Final Test

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Question #1

In your reading, "The Future of Ethics: Impoverishment", the author states that some feminists made an uneasy alliance with Neo-Malthusians. What was the reason for such an alliance?

A. Feminists wanted reproductive freedom and agreed that overpopulation could be a problem, therefore women should be freed from the role of "baby makers"

B. Feminists and Neo-Malthusians agreed that human sexual desire was the main driving force of economy

C. Feminists supported eugenics and Neo-Malthusians believed eugenics may cause poverty

D. neo-Malthusianism and Feminism are similar concepts

Question #2

In your reading "Just War Theory", Malcom X and Ghandi believe it requires strength to fight against injustice. However, how were they different in their views?

A. Ghandi believed in non-violent resistance, but Malcolm X believed responding with violence to violence is the only way to justice

B. Ghandi only fought against colonialism, Malcom X - against capitalism

C. They both taught the same thing

D. Ghandi expressed Hindu views and Malcolm X expressed Muslim views

Question #3

The concept of "Just War" (Justum Bellum) as suggested and refined by some ancient Christian theologians, believes that the ultimate goal of going to war must be:

A. Destroying the enemy

B. Achieving peace

C. Establishing the right religion

D. Saving art works from being destroyed

Question #4

Among other things John Locke is also well-known for his defense of:

A. Egalitarianism

B. Private Property Rights

C. Climate Change related pollution reduction

D. Women's Right to Choose to terminate pregnancy

Question #5

In the chapter "The Case for Equality", the author argues that:

A. Morality has nothing to do with business

B. Consent and contract cannot guarantee morality, true ethics is higher than consent

C. Contracts are moral only if executed without duress (pressure)

D. As long as there is consent and contract, agreement is moral

Question #6

State X believes that all citizens can ideally be governed by the rule of God revealed through his prophets written in the Holy Book, and that these truths are upheld and enforced by clerics. This form of government is known as:

A. Totalitarianism

B. Vaticanism

C. Theocracy

D. Republicanism

Question #7

According to "Just War" theory, one of the main principles for waging a moral war is:

A. If war is sanctioned by a religious authority

B. If war is declared by a legitimate authority or government

C. Gaining advantage during negotiations

D. If economic gains outweigh human loss

Question #8

Laissez-Faire government supports:

A. Socialist Government

B. Minimum Government

C. Egalitarian Government

D. Utopian Government

Question #9

John Rawls would most likely support:

A. Lower taxes for the rich, because taxing them excessively would be stealing

B. Laissez-Faire government

C. Reasonable taxation of the wealthy to provide opportunities for the poor

D. A government where all talents are equal

Question #10

The "thought experiment" suggested by one of the authors, (see reading) is best explained by which of the following?

A. One needs to dream about the prefect Utopian state which will eventually become reality

B. Best way of making laws is to be able to think about the rich, the poor and the middle class

C. It is important for the lawmakers to assume that they do not know their financial or societal condition, because in this case they would make fair laws

D. To make fair laws for the society it is important to experiment with different types of taxation systems eventually adopting the most suitable law

Question #11

John thinks in economics government should be a "Laissez-Faire" type. But he also believes that government should uphold moral standards regulating definition of marriage, drug policies and prostitution. In the U.S. John would most likely be a:

A. Libertarian

B. Oligarch

C. Democrat

D. Republican

Question #12

Which of the following thinkers is associated with a teaching which is concerned about overpopulation, shortage of resources which will lead to hunger, wars and disease.

A. Locke

B. Thomas More

C. Malthus

D. Nietzsche

Question #13

What do you think would make contracts unethical according to business ethics principles?

A. Consent is important, but ethical contracts must be a result of well-informed parties using equal bargaining position

B. Consent alone is not enough, ethical contracts must be available for change if one of the parties has decided to change the terms because of his/her inability to do the job professionally

C. Evidence of written or oral agreement between responsible adults is sufficient to make the contracts ethical

D. Contracts can be ethical only if they lack any self-interest or profiteering of any kind

Question #14

Select the correct pair with ideological similarity

A. Egalitarianism = Libertarianism

B. USA Republicanism = John Rawls

C. Libertarianism = Laissez-Faire Government

D. Thought Experiment = Robert Nozick

Question #15

A "Thought Experiment" to write a fair social contract was suggested by:

A. John Rawls

B. Robert Nozick

C. John Locke

D. Thomas More

Question #16

A classical Libertarian would most likely oppose which of the following ?

A. Prostitution of minors

B. Any form of mandatory arrest

C. Mandatory minimum wage

D. Government collecting any form of tax from its citizens

Question #17

In your reading assignment "War and Peace" author Masao Abbe is quoted to have said that true ethics is:

A. Understanding that all wars occurred because of religions

B. Harshly condemning those, who instigated Auschwitz and Hiroshima

C. Realizing that the worst crimes in human history may have been the result of my own bad karma

D. In waging a "just war" through legitimate authority

Question #18

Government system called "democracy" means:

A. Government acknowledges and protects fundamental human rights

B. People participate in government through representation by voting

C. All citizens are equal, because wealth is distributed evenly

D. Government allows freedoms and privileges for the people

Question #19

Some Utilitarians believe that taxing the wealthy is good because:

A. Insignificant burden for the few wealthy people can create significant happiness for many

B. Wealthy have money only because they are lucky

C. In the long run its good for the wealthy, because they will be able to sell more merchandise to the poor

D. It is useful for the rich to share their wealth

Question #20

Francis Galton is known for suggesting the term:

A. Utopia

B. Superman

C. Eugenics

D. Thought Experiment

Question #21

According to John Locke, humans have the right to own all commodity available in nature by virtue of being free human beings with divine rights

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #22

Nietzsche believed that the modern person, the Superman, has reached the peak of his/her development.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #23

Robert Nozick would most likely be against legalizing gay marriage

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #24

Anti-Malthusians believe that having more people on the planet does not necessarily create shortage in resources, more people with good skills and training create wealth and prosperity

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #25

In your reading of Sandel, (see "Justice and the Common Good"), the author suggests that it would be difficult to entirely separate religion from politics

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #26

In the reading material "Supreme Court Decisions", we see that the US courts see "human freedom" as "not obliged to save someone's life"

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #27

In the reading material, Plessy v. Ferguson case is related to racial segregation

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #28

Roe vs. Wade case is related to abortion

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #29

Libertarianism believes that government should be paternalistic

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #30

A "Plutocratic" government consists of mostly wealthy people

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #31

Egalitarian economists think it is moral for the rich to share wealth with the poor through taxes

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #32

According to Locke, freedom is not a natural right of humans, but an endowment granted by the king

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #33

Modern scholarship officially accepts the existence of a superior "Aryan" race with unusually high-quality genetic pool, which originated in India

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #34

Based on your reading, "Just War" must be a "Last Resort"

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #35

In your reading of Sandel, (see "Justice and the Common Good"), the author believes that Obama's and Kennedy's views on the importance of religion are identical

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #36

The right to "pursue happiness" is a natural right

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #37

According to John Locke, private citizens have the right to own a weapon for self defense if necessary

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #38

Libertarianism believes government should not be a moral legislator

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #39

"Malthusian" theory is about the problems created by feminism

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #40

The concept of "Eugenics" is about encouraging humans with better genes to procreate

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

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