According to information available in the fossil record, which human characteristic appeared first and is considered to be the ‘hallmark’ of humanity.

Which of the following features would indicate that a species walked bipedally?

Based on the evidence contained within the fossil record, bipedalism emerged approximately:

You find a fossil that you are sure shows evidence of bipedalism. You know this because which of the following anatomical traits is present?

According to evidence in the fossil record, which genus / species bellow is the first biped?

Name the genus / species, dating back 4.4 mya, that displays a transitional form of bipedalism (opposable hallux, longer arms, longer curved phalanges, mosaic pelvis)?

What is an advantage to being bipedal?

Rodman and McHenry’s Patchy Forest hypothesis proposes that:

Name the 40% complete skeleton discovered by Dr. Donald Johansen and his team that would have stood 3 ½ feet tall, retained some arboreal capabilities and had a relatively small cranial capacity (430 cc):

Name the cranial feature found in some robust australopithecines that would be found along the sagittal suture and is also where the chewing muscles would attach:

To date, all pre-australopithecines and australopithecine fossil remains have been found on what continent?

Imagine that you are a paleoanthropologist working in the field.  What part of the skeleton would be the most useful when attempting to determine if the species walked bipedally?

The controlled use of fire by our ancestors:

Owen Lovejoy’s Provisioning hypothesis proposes that:

Imagine that you are a paleoanthropologist conducting field research in Africa, you discover fossil remains of a hominin.  The characteristics include a sagittal crest, flaring zygomatic bones,  massive jaw bones and large premolars and molars.  You are most likely looking at a member of the following genus / species:

Name the genus / specie(s) that has been proposed to be the direct ancestor of genus Homo:

According to the fossil record, when and where do we first see examples of genus Homo (i.e. Homo habilis):

Homo habilis (“Handy Man”) produced                                     stone tools technology.

According to evidence available in the fossil record, name the first known genus / species to first control fire, rely heavily on protein and successfully migrate out of Africa:

Which of the following feature(s) would you find on Homo neanderthalensis?

Homo erectus utilized                           stone tool technology.

The overall small body size of Homo floresiensis (“The Hobbit”) is likely due to which phenomenon?

To date, the majority of Neanderthal fossils have been found in:

According to the fossil record, name the genus / species to first display examples of symbolic expression (such as intentional burials in the “flexed” body position)?

Which of the following cranial features would you expect to find on a member of Homo erectus?

Why are the skeletal remains of Homo neanderthalensis often found with many fractures?

The Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools that are associated with Homo neanderthalensis are called:

According to Jared Diamond’s hypothesis presented in the film and book ‘Guns, Germs and Steel,’ what is the primary cause of inequality among human society?

Name the specific gene that provides evidence that Homo neanderthalensis had language capabilities:

During what time period do we first start seeing examples of symbolic expression in the form of cave art (such as Chauvet Cave in France)?

You find a skull, which cranial feature would indicate that you are looking at a modern Homo sapien?

The out-of-Africa model explains:

The Multiregional Continuity hypothesis supposes that:

One of the more recent theories on modern human origins acknowledges that the previous two models do not adequately explain modern human origins.  This model acknowledges the recent genome studies that have suggested at least some degrees of interbreeding between Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapien populations living in Europe and Western Asia. 

According to the archaeological record, in what geographical region do we see the earliest evidence for a gradual transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture?

According to skeletal evidence available in the fossil record, the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture initially had a                                effect on human health and nutrition:

Based on the archaeological record from various areas, what was the initial effect of agriculture on height?

The nutrition transition refers to:

Expansion or porosity of the cranial bone as a result of severe anemia or parasitic infection:

The human population explosion following the transition to agriculture was probably due to:

According to evidence in the fossil record, the period known as the “Neolithic Revolution” was initially associated with:

Today, anthropologists recognize that Neanderthals had complex cultural capabilities (such as lavallois technique, burial of the dead, etc.):

Virtually all qualified paleoanthropologists consider chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to be direct ancestor of modern Homo sapiens because they share over 90% of their DNA.

There is nearly universal agreement that the hominins found outside of Africa are all member of what genus                              .

The very recent discovery of Homo naledi by Dr. Lee Berger and colleagues is an exciting discovery for many paleoanthropologists because it presents the possibility that Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis may not be the only members of early genus Homo and it also suggests that complex behaviors, such as symbolic burial practices, may have emerged much earlier than previously hypothesized.

The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neandertals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s)?

Which of the following features indicates increasing cranial capacity for genus Homo:

It may be argued that the primary means of adaptation for a species like the cheetah is speed.  What is the primary means of adaptation for Homo sapiens?

Based upon your knowledge of how diet affects cranial morphology.  Imagine that you are a paleoanthropologist and you uncover the fossil pictured below.  What type of food items would you hypothesize that this hominin consumed?