HSCI 336 - Health Aspects of Drug Use » Summer 2020 » Quiz 4
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Question #1
Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, inhibits the release of the antidiuretic hormone ________, which causes an increase in the excretion of urine.
A.
dopamine
B.
endorphin
C.
serotonin
D.
vasopressin
Question #2
A(n) ________ is defined as a mechanism in a nerve terminal membrane that is responsible for removing neurotransmitter molecules from the synapse by taking them back into the neuron.
A.
receptor.
B.
interoceptor
C.
transporter
D.
nociceptor
Question #3
Which of the following terms is defined as the maintenance of an environment of body functions within a certain range (e.g., temperature, blood pressure)?
A.
Homeostasis
B.
Osmosis
C.
Apoptosis
D.
Homeorhesis
Question #4
The ______________ is an important link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and is involved in feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, and sexual behavior.
A.
cerebellum
B.
limbic system
C.
cerebral cortex
D.
hypothalamus
Question #5
Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs?
A.
mesolimbic dopamine pathway
B.
serotonin pathway from the raphe nuclei
C.
glutamate pathway
D.
acetylcholine pathway from the nucleus basalis
Question #6
Weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression have all been associated with
A.
GABA receptors.
B.
endorphins.
C.
the parasympathetic branch.
D.
serotonin pathways.
Question #7
Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called
A.
depressants.
B.
ecstasy.
C.
endorphins.
D.
amphetamines.
Question #8
The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called
A.
homeostasis.
B.
depolarization.
C.
synthesis.
D.
uptake.
Question #9
Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the
A.
partition.
B.
vesicle.
C.
transporter.
D.
synapse.
Question #10
Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and, when activated, may cause a change in the electrical activity of the neuron, are called
A.
medulla.
B.
receptors.
C.
autonomic.
D.
pons.
Question #11
Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory?
A.
GABA
B.
serotonin
C.
norepinephrine
D.
dopamine
Question #12
Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on
A.
blood sugar level.
B.
the rate of synthesis.
C.
enzyme actions.
D.
the type of receptor.
Question #13
In addition to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as
A.
glia.
B.
mitochondria.
C.
pseudopodia.
D.
serotonin.
Question #14
Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse, or by
A.
acting directly on the receptors.
B.
acting on the blood-brain barrier.
C.
altering hormone levels.
D.
increasing blood pressure.
Question #15
Suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system. Which would you choose?
A.
a glutamate metabolizer
B.
a dopamine metabolizer
C.
a norepinephrine antagonist
D.
a GABA antagonist
Question #16
The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called
A.
electrochemical detection.
B.
positron emission tomography (PET).
C.
mass spectroscopy.
D.
electron microscopy.
Question #17
Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each
A.
action potential.
B.
metabolism.
C.
homeostasis.
D.
transporter.
Question #18
Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium) channels, which is the mechanism that leads to
A.
local anesthetic effects.
B.
increased heart rate.
C.
CNS stimulation.
D.
cocaine dependence.
Question #19
Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the
A.
autonomic nervous system.
B.
axon.
C.
limbic system.
D.
glia.
Question #20
Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to
A.
acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.
B.
norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.
C.
dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.
D.
the blood-brain barrier.
Question #21
The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is
A.
dopamine.
B.
serotonin.
C.
norepinephrine.
D.
GABA.
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