California State University, Northridge » Health Sciences » HSCI 336 - Health Aspects of Drug Use » Summer 2020

HSCI 336 - Health Aspects of Drug Use » Summer 2020 » Quiz 4

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Question #1

Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, inhibits the release of the antidiuretic hormone ________, which causes an increase in the excretion of urine.

A. vasopressin

B. endorphin

C. serotonin

D. dopamine

Question #2

A(n) ________ is defined as a mechanism in a nerve terminal membrane that is responsible for removing neurotransmitter molecules from the synapse by taking them back into the neuron.

A. interoceptor

B. transporter

C. receptor.

D. nociceptor

Question #3

Which of the following terms is defined as the maintenance of an environment of body functions within a certain range (e.g., temperature, blood pressure)?

A. Homeorhesis

B. Osmosis

C. Apoptosis

D. Homeostasis

Question #4

The ______________ is an important link between the brain and the pituitary gland, and is involved in feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, and sexual behavior.

A. cerebral cortex

B. limbic system

C. hypothalamus

D. cerebellum

Question #5

Which chemical pathway appears to be important both in some types of psychotic behavior and in the reinforcing properties of various drugs?

A. glutamate pathway

B. acetylcholine pathway from the nucleus basalis

C. serotonin pathway from the raphe nuclei

D. mesolimbic dopamine pathway

Question #6

Weight control, aggression, impulsivity, and psychological depression have all been associated with

A. the parasympathetic branch.

B. endorphins.

C. serotonin pathways.

D. GABA receptors.

Question #7

Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called

A. amphetamines.

B. depressants.

C. endorphins.

D. ecstasy.

Question #8

The process in which enzymes within neurons convert precursors into neurotransmitter molecules is called

A. synthesis.

B. depolarization.

C. homeostasis.

D. uptake.

Question #9

Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the

A. synapse.

B. vesicle.

C. transporter.

D. partition.

Question #10

Specialized structures that recognize neurotransmitter molecules and, when activated, may cause a change in the electrical activity of the neuron, are called

A. receptors.

B. medulla.

C. pons.

D. autonomic.

Question #11

Which of the following neurotransmitters is found in most parts of the brain and is considered inhibitory?

A. serotonin

B. GABA

C. norepinephrine

D. dopamine

Question #12

Whether the effect of a neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory depends on

A. blood sugar level.

B. enzyme actions.

C. the type of receptor.

D. the rate of synthesis.

Question #13

In addition to neurons, the brain contains an even larger number of another cell type known as

A. glia.

B. mitochondria.

C. pseudopodia.

D. serotonin.

Question #14

Drugs can affect neurotransmitter systems in two main ways: either by altering the availability of the neurotransmitter in the synapse, or by

A. altering hormone levels.

B. acting on the blood-brain barrier.

C. acting directly on the receptors.

D. increasing blood pressure.

Question #15

Suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system. Which would you choose?

A. a dopamine metabolizer

B. a GABA antagonist

C. a norepinephrine antagonist

D. a glutamate metabolizer

Question #16

The brain imaging technique that involves injection of radioactive chemicals in order to measure brain function is called

A. electrochemical detection.

B. mass spectroscopy.

C. positron emission tomography (PET).

D. electron microscopy.

Question #17

Gated ion channels for sodium and potassium open and close in rapid succession, causing the neuron to depolarize and then return to its normal resting level, during each

A. action potential.

B. homeostasis.

C. metabolism.

D. transporter.

Question #18

Cocaine selectively blocks Na+ (sodium) channels, which is the mechanism that leads to

A. increased heart rate.

B. CNS stimulation.

C. local anesthetic effects.

D. cocaine dependence.

Question #19

Parasympathetic and sympathetic refer to the two branches of the

A. autonomic nervous system.

B. axon.

C. glia.

D. limbic system.

Question #20

Parkinson's disease produces tremors and muscular rigidity because of damage to

A. the blood-brain barrier.

B. dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway.

C. norepinephrine neurons in the locus ceruleus.

D. acetylcholine neurons in the parasympathetic branch.

Question #21

The neurotransmitter at the end organ of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is

A. serotonin.

B. norepinephrine.

C. GABA.

D. dopamine.

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